Author: Simon

I am a linguist, web developer and musician. I live in Bangor in Wales and run Omniglot - the online encyclopedia of writing systems and languages, as well as making the Radio Omniglot Podcast.

Adventures in Etymology – Influence

By Simon

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In this Adventure in Etymology we discover the origins of the word influence.

Influence

Influence [ˈɪn.flu.əns] can refer to the power to affect, control or manipulate something or someone; an action exerted by a person or thing on another to cause change, or a person or thing exerting such power or action.

In astrology, influence is apparently an element believed to determine someone’s character or individual tendencies, caused by the position of the stars and planets at the time of one’s birth, and it used to mean the action of flowing in or an influx.

As a verb to influence can mean to have an effect on by using gentle or subtle action; to modify, bias or sway; to persuade or induce; to exert or make use of one’s influence, and it used to mean to cause to flow in, to infuse or to instill.

It comes from Middle English influence / influens (control, power, influence, flowing, influx), from Old French influence (inundation, flooding, influence, especially viewed as a mystical force affecting one’s fate), from Medieval Latin īnfluentia (influence), from Latin īnfluēns (flowing into), from īnfluō (to flow into, stream, rush, throng), from in (in, within) and fluō (to flow, stream, pour) [source].

Words from the same Latin roots include influx and influenza in English, influencia (influence, clout, leverage) and influjo (influx, sway, influence) in Spanish, influenza (influence, influenza) in Italian, influer (to influence) in French [source].

Other words with similarly fluid roots (fluō in Latin) include fluid, flume, flux, affluent, effluent, confluent, superfluous in English, confluir (to converge) in Catalan, and fiume (river) in Italian [source].

Incidentally, this is the 200th episode of the Adventures in Etymology podcast. You can find links to all previous episodes on the Adventures in Etymology page of this blog.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com

I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the Omniglot Blog, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the Celtiadur blog.




Omniglot News (02/08/26)

By Simon

Podcast: Play in new window | Download

Omniglot News

Here’s the latest news from the world of Omniglot.

New language pages:

  • Koyrasboro Senni (كࣷيْرَبࣷرࣷ سٜنِّ), a Southern Songhay language spoken in southern Mali.
  • Tuwali, a Philippine language spoken the Province of Ifugao in northern Luzon in the Philippines.
  • Nga La (Matu), a Southern Kuki-Chin language spoken western Myanmar and northeastern India.

New numbers page:

  • Tuwali, a Philippine language spoken the Province of Ifugao northern Luzon in the Philippines.
  • Nga La, a Southern Kuki-Chin language spoken western Myanmar and northeastern India.

New phrases page: Nga La, a Southern Kuki-Chin language spoken western Myanmar and northeastern India.

New Tower of Babel translations pages:

  • Udi (удин муз / udin muz), a Northeast Caucasian language spoken in Azerbaijan, Russia, Georgia and Armenia.
  • Wandala, a Chadic language spoken in northern Cameroon and northwestern Nigeria.
  • Talinga, a Bantu language spoken in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Tamahaq, a Northern Berber language spoken in Algeria, Libya and Niger.
  • Tandroy, a Southern Kuki-Chin language spoken in Chin State in western Myanmar.
  • Tsakhur, a northeast Caucasian language spoken in Azerbaijan and Russia
  • Ut Main, a Northwest Kainji language spoken in northern Nigeria.

New constructed script: Simgeul, a way to write Korean with a “simplified” version of the Korean Hangeul script created by Ajn.

Sample text in Simgeul (concatenated version)

In this week’s Adventure in Etymology, we point out the origins of the word Index.

It’s also available on Instagram and TikTok.

On the Omniglot blog we discover what griffons have to do with messy writing in a post entitled Griffonage, and there’s the usual language quiz. See if you guess what language this is:

Here’s a clue: this language is spoken in northeastern Australia.

The mystery language in last week’s language quiz was Chakhar (ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ), a variety of Mongolian spoken in the Inner Mongolia Region in northern China.

On the Celtiadur blog this week there’s a new post entitled Confluent Ravines about words for ravine, confluence and related things in Celtic languages.

For more Omniglot News, see:
https://www.omniglot.com/news/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100046466483286

JapanesePod101.com

You can also listen to this podcast on: Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, TuneIn and Podchaser.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.




Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

Adventures in Etymology – Index

By Simon

Podcast: Play in new window | Download

In this Adventure in Etymology we point out the origins of the word index.

Index

An index [ˈɪndɛks] is an alphabetical listing of items and their location; the index finger; a movable finger on a gauge, scale, etc (other meanings are available).

As a verb to index can mean to arrange an index for something; to inventory; to measure by an associated value, and other things.

It comes from Latin index (a pointer, index finger, index, list, sign, informer, spy), from in (in, at, on) and dicō (to say, talk, speak, declare, tell) [source].

Dicō comes from Proto-Italic *deikō (to show, indicate, say, tell), from Proto-Indo-European *déyḱeti (to be pointing out), from *deyḱ-. (to point out, to show) [source].

English words from the same roots include dictate, diction, dictionary, digit, edict, indicate, judge, preach, predict, teach, toe, token, verdict and vindicate [source].

Words in other languages from the same roots include decir (to say, tell) in Spanish, vingar (to avenge, revenge, thrive) in Portuguese, দিক (dik – direction, side, end) in Bengali, Zeh (toe) in German, teikn (omen, sign, icon) in Icelandic, and mallacht (curse) in Irish [source].

Incidentally, if there is more than one index, do you talk about indexes or indices?

I prefer indexes, but think you could use indexen (similar to ox / oxen, child / children, and aurochs / aurochsen) instead. The -en plural ending used to be a more common and used for words such as cheesen (cheeses), kneen (knees), eyen (eyes), foxen (foxes) and shoon (shoes) [source].

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com

I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the Omniglot Blog, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the Celtiadur blog.




Omniglot News (26/07/26)

By Simon

Podcast: Play in new window | Download

Omniglot News

Here’s the latest news from the world of Omniglot.

New language pages:

  • Shi (Mashi), a Northeast Bantu language spoken in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Ikwo, an Igboid language spoken in Ebonyi and Cross River states in southern Nigeria.
  • Ngaing, a Finisterre language spoken in the south of Madang Province of Papua New Guinea.

New numbers page:

  • Ngaing, a Finisterre language spoken in the south of Madang Province of Papua New Guinea.

New Tower of Babel translations pages:

  • Shi (Mashi), a Northeast Bantu language spoken in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Nga La (Matu), a Southern Kuki-Chin language spoken in western Myanmar.
  • Gofa (Goofatho / የጎፋ-ቋንቋ), a North Omotic language spoken in southwest of Ethiopia.
  • Safen (Saafi-Saafi), a Senegambian language spoken in western Senegal.
  • Koyraboro Senni, a Songhay language spoken in southern Mali.
  • Thaiphum, a Southern Kuki-Chin language spoken in Chin State in western Myanmar.

New adapted script: Sitelen kana (写太 / してれん かな / シテレン カナ), a way to write Toki Pona with Japanese scripts.

Sample text in Sitelen Kana

In this week’s Adventure in Etymology, entitled Awkwardly Odd, we discover the odd roots of the word awkward.

It’s also available on Instagram and TikTok.

On the Omniglot blog we fribble about some fribblish words in a post entitled Fribblish Fribblers, and there’s the usual language quiz. See if you guess what language this is:

Here’s a clue: this language is spoken in northern China.

The mystery language in last week’s language quiz was Malaweg, a Northern Luzon language spoken in Luzon in the Philippines.

On the Celtiadur blog this week there’s a new post entitled Awkwardly Clumsy, about words for clumsy, awkward and related things in Celtic languages.

Incidentally, this is episode 250 of the Omniglot news.

For more Omniglot News, see:
https://www.omniglot.com/news/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100046466483286

JapanesePod101.com

You can also listen to this podcast on: Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, TuneIn and Podchaser.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.




Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

Adventures in Etymology – Awkwardly Odd

By Simon

Podcast: Play in new window | Download

In this Adventure in Etymology we discover the odd origins of the word awkward.

Awkward!

Meanings of awkward [ˈɔːk.wəd / ˈɔk.wɚd] include: lacking dexterity in the use of the hands, or of instruments; not easily managed or effected; embarrassing; lacking social skills, or uncomfortable with social interaction; difficult to handle.

It comes from awk, an obsolete word meaning odd, out of order, perverse, wrong or clumsy, and -ward, a suffix denoting course or direction to, motion or tendency toward, and so on [source].

Awk comes from Middle English auk(e) (backhanded, perverse, wrong, strange, marvelous), from Old Norse ǫfugr (turned the wrong way, unkind, harsh), from Proto-Germanic *abuhaz (inverted, wicked, bad), from PIE *h₂époh₃kʷos, from *h₂epó (off, away) and *h₃ekʷ- (to see, eye) [source].

Words from the same roots include öfugur (reversed, backwards, wrong) in Icelandic, avig (backwards, inside out) in Swedish, opak (opposite) in Czech, and опак (opak – wicked, nefarious, dastardly) in Macedonian [source].

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com

I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the Omniglot Blog, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the Celtiadur blog.