Omniglot News (28/05/23)

There are new language pages about:

  • ꞌAreꞌare, a Southeast Solomonic language spoken in Malaita Province in the Solomon Islands.
  • Bena (Kibena), a Northeast Bantu language spoken in southern Tanzania.
  • Kunda (Chikunda), a Bantu language spoken in mainly in Zimbabwe, and also in Zambia and Mozambique.

New adapted script: Skript Amażigħ (ⵙⴽⵉⵒⵜ ⴰⵎⴰⵥⵉⵖ), which is a way to write Maltese with the Neo-Tifinagh alphabet devised by Grunky Scripples.

Sample text in Skript Amażigħ

New phrases page in Oʼodham (O’odham Ñeoki), an Uto-Aztecan language spoken mainly in Arizona in the USA, and also northern Mexico.

New numbers page: Old Breton, Middle Breton, Bena, Kunda and Middle Irish.

There’s a new Omniglot blog post entitled Joyful Delight about the Finnish word iloinen (happy, cheerful, glad, merry) and related words in Finnish and other languages, and the usual Language Quiz. See if you can guess what language this is:

Here’s a clue: this language is spoken mainly in Pakistan.

The mystery language in last week’s language quiz was Sena, a Bantu language spoken in Mozamique and Malawi.

In this week’s Celtic Pathways podcast we uncover the Celtic origins of the word Beret.

There’s a new Celtiadur post called Quintuple about words for five and related things, and one called Short Cuts about words for short, cut and related things in Celtic languages.

In other news, I had an interesting discussion this week about writing systems with Tim Brookes, the man behind the Endangered Alphabets project, who was inspired by Omniglot.

For more Omniglot News see:
https://www.omniglot.com/news/
https://twitter.com/Omniglossia
https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/
https://www.facebook.com/Omniglot-100430558332117

You can also listen to this podcast on: Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Stitcher, TuneIn, Podchaser, PlayerFM or podtail.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

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Celtic Pathways – Berets

In this episode we’re uncovering the Celtic origins of the word beret.

Fête du Boeuf Gras à Bazas

A beret [ˈbɛɹ.eɪ/bəˈɹeɪ] is:

  • A type of round, brimless cap with a soft top and a headband to secure it to the head; usually culturally associated with France.

It comes from the French béret (beret), from the Occitan (Gascon) berret (cap), from the Medieval Latin birretum (a kind of hat), from the Late Latin birrus (a large hooded cloak, a cloak to keep off rain, made of silk or wool), from the Gaulish birrus (a coarse kind of thick woollen cloth; a woollen cap or hood worn over the shoulders or head), from the Proto-Celtic *birros (short), the origins of which are not known [source]

Descendents in the modern Celtic languages include:

  • bearr [bˠɑːɾˠ] = to clip, cut, trim, shave, skim (milk), crop or pare (photos) in Irish.
  • beàrr [baːr̪ˠ] = to shave, cut (hair), clip, shear or prune in Scottish Gaelic
  • baarey = to bare, clip, cut, dress, poll, prune, shave or trimmed in Manx
  • byr [bɨ̞r/bɪr] = short, brief or concise in Welsh
  • berr [bɛɹ] = short or brief in Cornish
  • berr = short in Breton

Other words from the Proto-Celtic root *birros, via Latin and Gaulish, include biretta (a square cap worn by some Roman Catholic priests) and berretto (beanie, cap) in Italian, barrete (biretta, cap) in Portuguese, birrete (biretta) in French, and βίρρος [ˈβir.ros] (a type of cloak or mantle) in Ancient Greek [source].

Biretta

Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish and Latin, include biretta (a square cap worm by Roman Catholic priests) in English and Italian, berretto (beanie, cap) in Italian, barrete (biretta, cap) in Portuguese, birrete (biretta) in French, and βίρρος [ˈβir.ros] (a type of cloak or mantle) in Ancient Greek [source].

Incidentally, words from beret in Celtic languages include: bairéad (beret, biretta, cap, hat, bonnet) in Irish, beeray or bayrn Frangagh (“French cap/hat”) in Manx, bere(t)/bered in Welsh, and béret/bered/boned in Breton.

You can find more details of these words on the Celtiadur blog. I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the Omniglot Blog.

Here’s a video I made of this information:

Video made with Doodly [afflilate link].

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Omniglot News (21/05/23)

Here’s the latest news from the world of Omniglot.

There are new language pages about:

  • Caac (Caaàc), a New Caledonian language spoken on the northeast coast of Grande Terre island in the North Province of New Caledonia.
  • Cèmuhî, a New Caledonian language spoken in the centre of the North Province of New Caledonia.
  • Chuwabu (kaáfîri), a Southern Bantu language spoken in Zambezia province in Mozambique.

New constructed script: Mawar Liarguwi, which was created by Eko Wahyu Darmansyah to write his constructed language, Darman.

Sample text in the Mawar Liarguwi

New adapated script: Musraiu, a way to write Akkadian with the Coptic alphabet devised by Grunky Scripples.

Sample text in the Musraiu

New numbers page: Middle Cornish, Kabyle and Sardinian: Limba Sarda Comuna, Campidanese, Gallurese, Logudorese, Nuorese and Sassarese

New dates page in Korean

There’s a new Omniglot blog post about Desks, Discs and Discos and related words, and the usual Language Quiz. See if you can guess what language this is:

Here’s a clue: this language is spoken in Mozambique and Malawi.

The mystery language in last week’s language quiz was Mortlockese (kapsen Mwoshulók), a Micronesian language spoken in the Mortlock Islands in Chuuk State, of the Federated States of Micronesia.

In this week’s Adventure in Etymology we unbottle the origins of the word Butler.

There are new Celtiadur posts entitled Threesome and Fourfold, which look at the numbers three and four, and related words, in Celtic languages.

I also made improvements to the phrases pages for Livvi-Karelian and Logudorese Sardinian, and there is now a separate page for Campidanese Sardinian phrases.

For more Omniglot News see:
https://www.omniglot.com/news/
https://twitter.com/Omniglossia
https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/
https://www.facebook.com/Omniglot-100430558332117

You can also listen to this podcast on: Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Stitcher, TuneIn, Podchaser, PlayerFM or podtail.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

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Omniglot News (14/05/23)

Here’s the latest news from the world of Omniglot.

There are new language pages about:

  • Balantak (wurung Balantak), a Celebic language spoken in central Malekula Island in Vanuatu.
  • Tuamotuan (Reʻo Paʻumotu), a Polynesian language spoken in the Tuamotu archipelago in French Polynesia.
  • Lenakel (Netvaar), a Southern Oceanic language spoken mainly on Tanna Island in Tafea Province in southern Vanuatu.

There’s a new numbers pages in: Balantak, Tuamotuan, Warlpiri and Zaza(ki).

There’s a new Omniglot blog post about the French word Chez, as in chez moi and chez nous, and one about the phrase Teaching School, which sounds a bit strange to me, but apparently it’s normal in American English, and the usual Language Quiz. See if you can guess what language this is:

Here’s a clue: this language is spoken in Micronesia.

The mystery language in last week’s language quiz was: Shawnee (Sawanwa), a Central Algonquian language spoken in Oklahoma in the USA.

There’s a new Celtic Pathways podcast called Top Tips which looks into words for top, tip and related things in Celtic and other languages.

On the Celtiadur blog there’s a new post entitled A Pair of Twos about words for two and related things in Celtic languages.

For more Omniglot News see:
https://www.omniglot.com/news/
https://twitter.com/Omniglossia
https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/
https://www.facebook.com/Omniglot-100430558332117

You can also listen to this podcast on: Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Stitcher, TuneIn, Podchaser, PlayerFM or podtail.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

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Celtic Pathways – Top Tips

In this episode we’re looking into words for top, tip and related things in Celtic languages.

Snowdon / Yr Wyddfa

The Proto-Celtic word *barros means top, point or peak. Descendents in the modern Celtic languages include:

  • barr [bˠɑːɾˠ] = tip, point, top, summit, upper part, surface, etc in Irish.
  • bàrr [baːr̪ˠ] = apex, crest, crown, summit, tip, top, zenith, surface, etc in Scottish Gaelic
  • baare = apex, cap, climax, end, point, summit, tip, top, crest (of a wave), etc n in Manx
  • bar [bar] = head, top, summit, crest, bush, tuft or branch in Welsh
  • barr = summit in Cornish
  • barr = summit, surface, access or paroxysm in Breton [source]

Words from the same Proto-Celtic roots, via Gaulish and Latin, include baràz (bramble) in Romansh, and barra (garret, loft, upper platform) in Galician [source].

Words from the same PIE roots include barley in English, farine (flour) in French, bara (bread) in Welsh, Cornish and Breton, bairín (loaf) in Irish, and related words in Celtic languages [source].

Incidentally, the unrelated Galician word barra (sandbank, bar, rod) possibly comes from a Gaulish word, via the Vulgar Latin barra [source].

You can find more details of these words on the Celtiadur blog. I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the Omniglot Blog.

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

Omniglot News (07/05/2023)

Here’s the latest news from the world of Omniglot.

There are new language pages about:

  • Avava, a Southern Oceanic language spoken in central Malekula Island in Vanuatu.
  • Tokunoshima (シマユミィタ), an Amami-Okinawan language spoken on Tokunoshima in the Amami Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture of Japan

There’s a new adapated script: Alphabetum Gothorum, a way to write Latin with the Gothic alphabet devised by Xavier Merica.

Sample text in the Alphabetum Gothorum alphabet

There’s a new numbers pages in: Avava.

There’s a new phrases page in: Romanian Tatar (Tatarșa), a Kipchak Turkic language spoken in Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey, and some new phrases in Shawnee (Sawanwa), an Algonquian language spoken in Oklahoma in the USA.

There are new dates pages in: Scottish Gaelic, Welsh and Irish.

There’s a new Omniglot blog post entitled Beautifully Red, in which we find out what links the Finnish word kaunis (beautiful) with words like sheen in English and schoon (clean) in Dutch, and the usual Language Quiz. See if you can guess what language this is:

Here’s a clue: this language is spoken in Oklahoma in the USA.

The mystery language in last week’s language quiz was Achomi (اچُمی), a Southwestern Iranian language spoken mainly in southwestern Iran, and also in Kuwait, Bahrain, Iraq, Qatar and the UAE.

In this week’s Adventures in Etymology we’re telling tales about the origins of the word story.

On the Celtiadur blog there’s a new post about words for One Alone and related things in Celtic languages.

For more Omniglot News see:
https://www.omniglot.com/news/
https://twitter.com/Omniglossia
https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/
https://www.facebook.com/Omniglot-100430558332117

You can also listen to this podcast on: Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Stitcher, TuneIn, Podchaser, PlayerFM or podtail.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

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Omniglot News (30/04/2023)

Here’s the latest news from the world of Omniglot. This is in fact the news for the past two weeks as I was away at The Language Event in Edinburgh last weekend and didn’t have time to record a newscast. More on that later.

There are new language pages about:

  • Romanian Tatar (Tatarșa), a variety of Crimean Tatar spoken mainly in the Dobrogea region in eastern Romania.
  • Namakura (Namakir) a Southern Oceanic language spoken in the Shepherd Islands in Shefa Province of Vanuatu.
  • Tirax (Resan Tirax), a Southern Oceanic language spoken in the north east of Malakula Island in Vanuatu.
  • Lewo, a Southern Oceanic language spoken on Epi Island in Shefa Province of Vanuatu.
  • Tarama (たらまふとぅ), a Southern Ryukyuan language spoken on Tarama and Minna, two of Miyako islands in Okinawa Prefecture in southern Japan

There are new numbers pages in: Romanian Tatar, Namakura, Tirax, Kaska and Lewo.

There’s a new page about How to write dates in Japanese.

On the Omniglot blog there are new posts about The Language Event I went to in Edinburgh, and about words for Cupboards, Cabinets and Closets, and the usual Language Quiz. See if you can guess what language this is:

Here’s a clue: this language is spoken mainly in southern Iran.

The mystery language in last week’s language quiz was Tumak (bə̀g ɗə təmàgə́ə̀n), an East Chadic language spoken in the southwest of Chad.

The mystery language in the previous week’s language quiz was: Norman (Normaund), a Romance language spoken in Normandy in northern France.

There’s a new Celtic Pathways podcast about words for donkey and related beasts in Celtic and other languages.

On the Celtiadur blog there are new posts about Top Peaks and Scratching Scrapes, and improved posts about words for To Write, Book and Donkeys. I also made improvements to the Celtic cognates index page.

In other news, last weekend I had a good time at The Language Event in Edinburgh. There were some interesting talks about all sorts of language-related topics, I met old friends and made some new ones, and got to speak a variety of languages, including Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Danish, Japanese, German and Spanish.

The Language Event, Edinburgh

A reporter from BBC Alba (the Scottish Gaelic TV channel) was at the Event and filmed parts of it, including a short interview with me in Scottish Gaelic:

I forgot to mention in the recording, but I wrote a new song in Scottish Gaelic called Thoir An Aire! (Watch Out!), which was inpsired by my Gaelic lessons on Duolingo, and visits to Scotland. It goes something like this:

For more Omniglot News see:
https://www.omniglot.com/news/
https://twitter.com/Omniglossia
https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/
https://www.facebook.com/Omniglot-100430558332117

You can also listen to this podcast on: Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Stitcher, TuneIn, Podchaser, PlayerFM or podtail.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

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Celtic Pathways – Donkeys

In this episode we’re looking into words for donkey and related beasts in Celtic languages.

Donkeys

There don’t appear to be any Proto-Celtic words for donkey. Instead, the Celtic languages borrowed words from Latin. These include:

  • asal [ˈasˠəlˠ] = ass or donkey in Irish.
  • asal [asal̪ˠ] = ass or donkey in Scottish Gaelic
  • assyl = ass or donkey in Manx
  • asyn [ˈasɨ̞n / ˈasɪn] = (male) donkey / (he-)ass, or an absurd or stubborn person in Welsh
  • asen = ass or donkey in Cornish
  • azen = donkey in Breton [source]

The Brythonic words come from the Latin asina from asinus (donkey, ass), which is of unknown origin [source]. The Goidelic words come from the same root via the Latin asellus (young ass, donkey) [source].

The English word ass (donkey) was borrowed from an old Brythonic language, via the Middle English asse (ass, donkey) and the Old English assa and assen (she-ass) [source].

Other words from the same Latin roots include asinine (foolish, obstinate, donkeyish), asinicide (the killing of an idiot) in English [source], osel (donkey, ass, stupid person) in Czech, and osioł (male donkey) in Polish [source].

Incidentally, another word for donkey in Old English was esol [ˈe.zol], which came from Proto-West Germanic *asil (donkey), from Latin asellus (young ass, donkey) [source]. Related words in other Germanic languages include ezel (donkey, ass, fool, idiot, easel) in Dutch, Esel (ass, donkey, a stupid/stubborn person) in German, and æsel (ass, donkey) in Danish [source].

The English word easel also comes from the same roots, via Dutch ezel and Proto-West Germanic *asil [source].

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

You can find more details of these words on the Celtiadur blog. I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the Omniglot Blog.

Omniglot News (16/04/2023)

Here’s the latest news from the world of Omniglot (for the past 3 weeks).

New writing system: Elymaic, a version of the Aramaic script that was used in Elymais, a state that existed in what is now southwestern Iran.

A sample text in the Elymaic script

New writing system: Palmyrene, a version of the Aramaic script that was used in Palmyra and other parts of Syria.

A sample text in the Palmyrene script

New constructed script: Astanari, an alternative way to write Australian English created by Josh Holliday.

Sample text in Astanari

New constructed script: Inhglærantow, a different way to write British English invented by Robbie J N.

Sample text in Inhglærantow

New constructed script: Arkaedian, an alternative way to write English invented by Mark Lyman.

Sample text in Arkaedian

There are new language pages about:

    Ahamb (naujin sdrato), a Southern Oceanic language spoken on Akhamb and Malekula islands in Vanuatu.

  • Neve‘ei (Nabusian teget) a Southern Oceanic language spoken mainly on the west coast of Malekula Island in Vanuatu.
  • Batuley (Gwatle lir), an Aru language spoken in the Aru Islands in Indonesia.
  • Bunak (Bunaq), a West Bomerai language spoken in East Timor and Indonesia.
  • Ambai, a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in Papua Province of Indonesia.

There are new numbers pages in: Ahamb, Neve‘ei, Daakaka, Batuley, Fiji Hindi and Bunak

On the Omniglot blog there’s a new post about my trip to the Isle of Skye and my Holidays, and the usual Language Quiz. See if you can guess what language this is:

Here’s a clue: this language is spoken in northern France, but isn’t French.

The mystery language in last week’s language quiz was Carijona (Tsahá), a Cariban language spoken in southeastern Colombia.

There’s a new Adventure in Etymology about the word Ship, and related things.

On the Celtiadur blog we have new posts about Fatty Lard, Leaves, Roots and related things in Celtic languages.

There are no new Celtic Pathways podcasts – I didn’t have time to make them while I was away, and have decided to make one every other week. So this week we have a new Adventure in Etymology, and next week I’ll make a Celtic Pathways podcast, and videos to go with it.

In other news, I wrote a new song in Scottish Gaelic this week inspired by my Scottish Gaelic lessons on Duolingo, and my trip to Scotland, during which I learnt lots of Scottish Gaelic songs, and had a wonderful time. It goes something like this:

Here are the words and a translation:

Thoir An Aire (Watch Out)
Seist (Chorus)
Thoir an aire, thoir an aire (Watch out, watch out)
Thoir an aire, tha Iain a’ tighinn (Watch out, Iain is coming)
Thoir an aire, thoir an aire (Watch out, watch out)
Tha Iain rùisgte is tha e a’ tighinn (Iain is naked and he’s coming)

Ghoid Màiri a drathais (Mairi stole his underpants)
Ghoid Màiri a briogais (Mairi stole his trousers)
Ghoid Màiri a geansaidh gorm is geal (Mairi stole his blue and white jersey)
Ghoid Màiri a lèine (Mairi stole his shirt)
Ghoid Màiri a brògan (Mairi stole his shoes)
Ghoid Màiri aodach Iain gu lèir (Mairi stole all his clothes)

Ruith air falbh, ruith air falbh (Run away, run away)
Ruith air falbh tha Iain a’ tighinn (Run away, Iain is coming)
Ruith air falbh, ruith air falbh (Run away, run away)
Tha guga aige is tha e a’ tighinn (He has salted gannet and he’s coming)

Càit bheil Calum? (Where is Calum?)
Càit a bheil Coinneach? (Where is Kenneth?)
Càit a bheil Ceiteag? (Where is Katie?)
Am faca tu iad? (Have you seen them?)
Càit a bheil Mairead? (Where is Margaret?)
Càit a bheil Mòrag? (Where is Morag?)
Ruith iad air falbh (They ran away)
oir tha Iain a’ tighinn (because Iain is coming)

For more Omniglot News see:
https://www.omniglot.com/news/
https://twitter.com/Omniglossia
https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/
https://www.facebook.com/Omniglot-100430558332117

You can also listen to this podcast on: Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Stitcher, TuneIn, Podchaser, PlayerFM or podtail.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.

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Omniglot News (26/03/23)

Here’s the latest news from the world of Omniglot.

New writing system: Koch Script, which was developed by Day Chand Rangag in 2021 as a way to write Koch, a Sal language spoken in mainly northeastern India, and also in Bangladesh.

Sample text in the Koch script

New constructed script: Qutdoiya Amexf Hazara, which was created by Emhahayef to write Maxyef Pas, a conlang he is also developing.

Sample text in the Qutdoiya Amexf Hazara

New English spelling system: SoundSpel, which was devised and advocated particularly by Edward “Ed” Rondthaler in the 1980s.

There are new language pages about:

  • North Efate, a Southern Oceanic language spoken in the north of Efate island in central Vanuatu.
  • Nafsan, a Southern Oceanic language spoken in the south of Efate island in central Vanuatu.
  • Koch, a Sal language spoken mainly in northeastern India, and also in Bangladesh.

New phraes page in Mini: The Minimal Language, an attempt to create the simplest naturalistic language for human communication conceived by S.C. Gruget in 2020.

There are new numbers pages in:

  • Jakaltek (Jab’xub’al / Popti’), a Mayan language spoken in western Guatemala and southern Mexico.
  • North Efate, a Southern Oceanic language spoken in the north of Efate island in central Vanuatu.
  • Nafsan, a Southern Oceanic language spoken in the south of Efate island in central Vanuatu.
  • Carrier / Dakelh (Dakeł / ᑕᗸᒡ), an Athabascan language spoken in central British Columbia in Canada.

On the Omniglot blog there’s a post called Rumbling Carts about some interesting Japanese and Chinese characters, and the usual Language Quiz. See if you can guess what language this is:

Here’s a clue: this language is spoken in northern Peru.

The mystery language in last week’s language quiz was Meänkieli, a Finnic language spoken along the valley of the Torne River in northern Sweden, and also in neighbouring parts of Finland.

In this week’s Adventure in Etymology we’re unrolling the origins of the word wheel, and finding out how its linked to such words as pole, telephone, cult, collar and cycle.

On the Celtiadur blog we find out how words for Sweet and Gentle and related things in Celtic languages are linked to the name Kevin.

On the Celtic Pathways podcast we discover links between words for Surface and Skin and related things in Celtic languages and words like tonne/ton (weight) and tun (a kind of cask) in English, and words for tonne, barrel and cask in Catalan, Galician, French, Spanish and other languages.

Incidentally, I also created new logos for the different series on Radio Omniglot: Adventures in Etymology, Celtic Pathways and Omniglot News (click on these links to see larger versions of these logos):

Radio Omniglot logos

For more Omniglot News see:
https://www.omniglot.com/news/
https://twitter.com/Omniglossia
https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/
https://www.facebook.com/Omniglot-100430558332117

You can also listen to this podcast on: Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Stitcher, TuneIn, Podchaser, PlayerFM or podtail.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.

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