Hausa (Hausa / هَوْسَ)

Hausa is a West Chadic language spoken mainly in Nigeria and Niger, and in a number of other countries. Estimates of the total number of Hausa speakers range from 72 million to 150 million. In 2018 there were about 53.7 million speakers of Hausa in Nigeria, where it is the de facto provincial language in the northern region, and is used in the media and literature.

Hausa at a glance

  • Native name: Hausa / هَوْسَ, Halshen Hausa / هَرْشَن هَوْسَ
  • Language family: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West-Chadic, Hausa-Gwandara
  • Number of speakers: c. 72 million
  • Spoken in: Nigeria, Niger, Benin,
  • First written: 17th century AD
  • Writing systems: Arabic script, Latin script
  • Status: offically recognised in Niger, Nigeria and Ghana

In 2017 there were about 15.5 million Hausa speakers in Niger, including 11 million native speakers. Hausa is an officially recognised language and is used in education and trade. Hausa is also an official language in Ghana, where there are about 565,000 speakers.

Other countries with significant numbers of Hausa speakers include Benin (1 million), Sudan (740,000), Chad (398,000), Côte d'Ivoire (395,000) and Cameroon (312,500) [source].

Hausa is also known as Abakwariga, Habe, Haoussa, Hawsa, Hausawa, Kado or Mgbakpa. Dialects include: Daura, Kano, Katagum, Hadejiya, Sokoto, Gobirawa, Adarawa, Kebbawa, Zamfarawa, Katsina and Arewa. The Daura (Dauranchi) and Kano (Kananci) dialects are considered standard, and are used on international radio stations such as the BBC, Voice of America and Deutsche Welle.

Written Hausa

Since the beginning of the 17th century, Hausa has been written with a version of the Arabic script known as ajami. Most of the early writing in Hausa was Islamic poetry or on Islamic themes. Ajami is still used, mainly to write poetry, but also for at least one newpaper and some books. There is no standard spelling system for Hausa written with the Arabic script, so there is some variation in spelling between different writers.

The Arabic script shown below uses a font based on styles of writing used in the Kano region of Nigeria and Niger. It is sometimes known as Sudani Kufi or Rubutun Kano. The Naskh style script is also used.

A version of Hausa written with the Latin alphabet and known as boko began to emerge during the 19th century. Until the 1950s ajami and boko were both used, though since then boko has been the main alphabet for most Hausa speakers.

Arabic alphabet for Hausa (ajami / عجمي‎)

Arabic alphabet for Hausa (ajami)

Font: Alkamlami: https://software.sil.org/alkalami/

Latin alphabet for Hausa (boko)

Latin alphabet for Hausa (boko)

Download an alphabet chart for Hausa (Excel)

Notes

Sample text in ajami

Sample text in ajami
A verse from Aljiyu Namangi, Imfiraji, Part 3 (Verse 3)

Sample text in boko

Su dai yan-adam, ana haifuwarsu ne duka yantattu, kuma kowannensu na da mutunci da hakkoki daidai da na kowa. Suna da hankali da tunani, saboda haka duk abin da za su aikata wa juna, ya kamata su yi shi a cikin yan-uwanci.

Translation

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample videos

Information about Hausa | Phrases | Numbers | Tower of Babel

Links

Information about Hausa
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language
https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau
https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/hausa/
https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arabic/hausa
http://aflang.humanities.ucla.edu/language-materials/chadic-languages/hausa/hausa-online-grammar/
https://docslib.org/doc/11016380/shooting-through-the-nose-in-karekare-a-study-of-nasally-released-stops-in-a-chadic-language

Online Hausa lessons
http://www.teachyourselfhausa.com
http://polymath.org/hausa.php

Online Hausa dictionaries
http://maguzawa.dyndns.ws
http://www.lexilogos.com/english/hausa_dictionary.htm
http://hausadictionary.com
http://kamus.com.ng/

Online radio and news in Hausa
https://www.bbc.com/hausa
http://hausa.cri.cn
https://www.dw.com/ha
https://www.voahausa.com/
https://www.rfi.fr/ha/
https://hausaradio.net/

Chadic languages

Bade, Barein, Bole, Dangaléat, Gawar, Goemai, Hausa, Hdi, Karai-karai, Kera, Lele, Marba, Migaama, Miya, Moloko, Musey, Mwaghavul, Ngizim, Polci, Sokoro, Somrai, Tangale, Tumak

Languages written with the Arabic alphabet

Adamaua Fulfulde, Afrikaans, Arabic (Algerian), Arabic (Bedawi), Arabic (Chadian), Arabic (Egyptian), Arabic (Gulf), Arabic (Hassaniya), Arabic (Hejazi), Arabic (Lebanese), Arabic (Libyan), Arabic (Modern Standard), Arabic (Moroccan), Arabic (Najdi), Arabic (Syrian), Arabic (Tunisian), Arwi, Äynu, Azeri, Balanta-Ganja, Balti, Baluchi, Beja, Belarusian, Bosnian, Brahui, Chagatai, Chechen, Chittagonian, Comorian, Crimean Tatar, Dargwa, Dari, Dhatki, Dogri, Domari, Gawar Bati, Gawri, Gilaki, Hausa, Hazaragi, Hindko, Indus Kohistani, Kabyle, Kalkoti, Karakalpak, Kashmiri, Kazakh, Khowar, Khorasani Turkic, Khwarezmian, Konkani, Kumzari, Kurdish, Kyrgyz, Lezgi, Lop, Luri, Maguindanao, Malay, Malay (Terengganu), Mandinka, Marwari, Mazandarani, Mogholi, Morisco, Mozarabic, Munji, Noakhailla, Nubi, Ormuri, Palula, Parkari Koli, Pashto, Persian/Farsi, Punjabi, Qashqai, Rajasthani, Rohingya, Salar, Saraiki, Sawi, Serer, Shabaki, Shina, Shughni, Sindhi, Somali, Soninke, Tatar, Tausūg, Tawallammat Tamajaq, Tayart Tamajeq, Ternate, Torwali, Turkish, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek, Wakhi, Wanetsi, Wolof, Xiao'erjing, Yidgha

Languages written with the Arabic script

Adamaua Fulfulde, Afrikaans, Arabic (Algerian), Arabic (Bedawi), Arabic (Chadian), Arabic (Egyptian), Arabic (Gulf), Arabic (Hassaniya), Arabic (Hejazi), Arabic (Lebanese), Arabic (Libyan), Arabic (Modern Standard), Arabic (Moroccan), Arabic (Najdi), Arabic (Syrian), Arabic (Tunisian), Arwi, Äynu, Azeri, Balanta-Ganja, Balti, Baluchi, Beja, Belarusian, Bosnian, Brahui, Chagatai, Chechen, Chittagonian, Comorian, Crimean Tatar, Dargwa, Dari, Dhatki, Dogri, Domari, Gawar Bati, Gawri, Gilaki, Hausa, Hazaragi, Hindko, Indus Kohistani, Kabyle, Kalkoti, Karakalpak, Kashmiri, Kazakh, Khowar, Khorasani Turkic, Khwarezmian, Konkani, Kumzari, Kurdish, Kyrgyz, Lezgi, Lop, Luri, Maguindanao, Malay, Malay (Terengganu), Mandinka, Marwari, Mazandarani, Mogholi, Morisco, Mozarabic, Munji, Noakhailla, Nubi, Ormuri, Palula, Parkari Koli, Pashto, Persian/Farsi, Punjabi, Qashqai, Rajasthani, Rohingya, Salar, Saraiki, Sawi, Serer, Shabaki, Shina, Shughni, Sindhi, Somali, Soninke, Tatar, Tausūg, Tawallammat Tamajaq, Tayart Tamajeq, Ternate, Torwali, Turkish, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek, Wakhi, Wanetsi, Wolof, Xiao'erjing, Yidgha

Languages written with the Latin alphabet

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