Category: English

Omniglot News (24/08/25)

By Simon

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Omniglot News

Here’s the latest news from the world of Omniglot.

New language pages:

  • Kwangali (Rukwangali), a Bantu language spoken in northern Namibia and southern Angola.
  • Lega (Kilega), a Bantu language spoken in the west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Lomwe (Elomwe / Emakhuwa), a Bantu language spoken in northern Mozambique and southern Malawi.

New numbers pages:

  • Kwangali (Rukwangali), a Bantu language spoken in northern Namibia and southern Angola.
  • Lomwe (Elomwe / Emakhuwa), a Bantu language spoken in northern Mozambique and southern Malawi.
  • Lhomi (ल्होमी‎), a Central Bodish language spoken mainly in eastern Nepal, and also in China and India.
  • Makassarese (Basa Mangkasara’ / ᨅᨔ ᨆᨀᨔᨑ), a South-Sulawesi language spoken in South Sulawesi Province in Indonesia.

New phrases pages:

  • Kwangali (Rukwangali), a Bantu language spoken in northern Namibia and southern Angola.
  • Bless you! – phrases to use when someone sneezes in many languages.

New Tower of Babel translation:

  • Kwangali (Rukwangali), a Bantu language spoken in northern Namibia and southern Angola.
  • Lomwe (Elomwe / Emakhuwa), a Bantu language spoken in northern Mozambique and southern Malawi.

On the Omniglot blog there a new post entitled Knobbly Monsters about the creative ways journalists use to avoid repeating key words in their articles, and there’s the usual Language Quiz. See if you can guess what language this is:

Here’s a clue: this language is spoken in Tanzania.

The mystery language in last week’s language quiz was Aheri Gondi (कोयम‎ / गोंडी‎), a Dravidian language spoken mainly in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Telangana.

In this week’s Adventure in Etymology, Sticky Climbs, we uncover the sticky roots of the word climb.

It’s also available on Instagram and TikTok.

On the Celtiadur blog there’s a new post entitled Shameful Disgrace about words for shame, disgrace and various other things in Celtic languages.

New song: It’s All Greek To Me, a song I wrote based on idioms that mean that things are incompehensible.

For more Omniglot News, see:
https://www.omniglot.com/news/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/
https://www.facebook.com/Omniglot-100430558332117

JapanesePod101.com

You can also listen to this podcast on: Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, TuneIn and Podchaser.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.




Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

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Adventures in Etymology – Sticky Climbs

By Simon

Podcast: Play in new window | Download

In this Adventure in Etymology we uncover the sticky roots of the word climb.

Red squirrel

Meanings of climb [klaɪm] include:

  • To ascend, rise or go up
  • To mount, move upwards
  • To scale, get to the top of
  • To move by gripping with the hands and using the feet

It comes from Middle English climben [ˈkli(ː)mbən / ˈkli(ː)mən] (to climb, scale, ascend) – the b was no longer pronounced in Late Middle English – from Old English climban [ˈklim.bɑn] (to climb), from Proto-West Germanic *klimban (to climb), from Proto-Germanic *klimbaną (to climb), probably from *klibāną (to stick, adhere) from Proto-Indo-European *gley- (to smear, to stick, putty, glue) [source].

Words from the same roots possibly include glue, gluten, clay, to cleave, cliff, cloth in English, klimmen (to climb) and kleven (to stick, glue) in Dutch, glynu (to stick, adhere) in Welsh, and glina (clay, loam) in Polish [source].

The English word clamber (to climb with difficulty or in a haphazard fashion) possibly also comes from the same roots, and is related to klambra (to clamp) in Icelandic and klamra (to cling) in Swedish [source].

Incidentally, the word to cleave can mean both to split or sever something with a sharp instrument, and to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something. The second meaning shares common roots with climb, but the first doesn’t [source]

Instead, it comes from Middle English cleven (to cleave, split, slice), from Old English clēofan (to cleave, split), from Proto-West Germanic *kleuban (to split, cleave), from Proto-Germanic *kleubaną (to split, cleave), from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (to cut, to slice) [source].

Related words include cleft and glyph in English, kloof (gap, gorge, ravine) in Dutch (and in Afrikaans and South African English), and глубокий [ɡɫʊˈbokʲɪj] (deep, profound) in Russian [source].

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com

I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the Omniglot Blog, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the Celtiadur blog.




Celtic Pathways – Herons

By Simon

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In this episode we uncover the possible Celtic roots of words for heron in Romance languages.

Heron

The Proto-Celtic word *korxsā / *korxsiyos means heron or crane [source], and possibly comes from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreik- (to screech, creak), which is imitative in origin [source].

Descendants in the modern Celtic languages include:

  • corr [kəuɾˠ] = (grey) heron, stork, crane, leg-necked person in Irish
  • corra [kɔr̪ˠə] = heron, stork, crane in Scottish Gaelic
  • coar = heron, stork, crane in Manx
  • crychydd [ˈkrəχɨ̞ð / ˈkrəχɪð] = heron in Welsh
  • kerghydh = heron in Cornish
  • kercʼheiz [kɛrˈɣɛjs] = heron in Breton

Words from the same Proto-Celtic roots, via Celtiberian *cárcia (heron) or Gaulish curcio (heron), possibly include garza (heron) in Galician, garza (heron) in Spanish, and garça (heron) in Portuguese [source].

The Welsh word crëyr [ˈkreː.ɨ̞r / ˈkreː.ɪr], which means heron or egret, probably comes from the same PIE roots, as do reiger (heron) in Dutch, Reiher (heron) in German, häger (heron) in Swedish, heron and egret in English, and haikara (heron, stork) in Finnish [source].

More details of heron-related words can be found in the Celtiadur post Herons.

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.




Omniglot News (10/08/25)

By Simon

Podcast: Play in new window | Download

Omniglot News

Here’s the latest news from the world of Omniglot.

New constructed script: Urup Bidayuh’, which was created by Reza Sumanda as a way to write Biatah (Bidayuh), a Land Dayak language spoken in West Kalimantan in Indonesia, and Sarawak in Malaysia.

Sample text in Urup Bidayuh’

New language pages:

  • Luang (Letri Lgona), a Timoric language spoken in the Leti and Babar Islands in Maluku Province in southern Indonesia.
  • Tsudaqar (цӀудхърила мец), a Northeast Caucasian language spoken in southern Dagestan in the southwest of the Russian Federation.
  • Bukar-Sadong (Bidayŭh Bukar-Sadung), a Land Dayak language spoken in Sarawak in Malaysia, and in West Kalimantan in Indonesia.

New numbers pages:

  • Bukar–Sadong (Bidayŭh Bukar-Sadung), a Land Dayak language spoken in Sarawak in Malaysia, and in West Kalimantan in Indonesia.
  • Kim (kwasap), an Mbum-Day language spoken in southwestern Chad.
  • Xong (Dut Xonb), a Hmong-Mien language spoken mainly in Hunan Province in southern China.

On the Omniglot blog we discover whether the words cargo and car are related in post called A Cargo of Cars, and there’s the usual Language Quiz. See if you can guess what language this is:

Here’s a clue: this language was spoken in Ontario in Canada and Oklahoma in the USA, and is currently being revived.

The mystery language in last week’s language quiz was Rutul (мыхӏабишды‎), a Lezgic language spoken in the Republic of Dagestan in the southwest of Russia.

In this week’s Adventure in Etymology we find out what links helicopters, Roger Federer and Feathers.

It’s also available on Instagram and TikTok.

On the Celtiadur blog there’s a new post entitled Ashy Embers about words for ash, embers, cinders etc, and I made improvements to the post about Wings and related things.

Improved page: Kaitag language page.

In other news, I finished all the Italian lessons on Duolingo this week, and I’m continuing to study Swahili. I may learn some more of one of the languages I’ve already studied in the past, or try a new language. I haven’t decided which one yet. So far, I’ve completed Duolingo courses in Spanish, Japanese, Italian, Scottish Gaelic, Danish, Swedish, Dutch, Irish, Finnish, Czech, Russian, Mandarin Chinese, Esperanto and Romanian.

For more Omniglot News, see:
https://www.omniglot.com/news/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/
https://www.facebook.com/Omniglot-100430558332117

JapanesePod101.com

You can also listen to this podcast on: Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Stitcher, TuneIn, Podchaser, PlayerFM or podtail.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.




Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo

Adventures in Etymology – Feathers

By Simon

Podcast: Play in new window | Download

In this Adventure in Etymology we investigate the word feather.

Feathers

A feather [ˈfɛð.ə(ɹ) / ˈfɛð.ɚ] is:

  • A branching, hair-like structure that grows on the bodies of birds, used for flight, swimming, protection and display.
  • Long hair on the lower legs of a dog or horse, especially a draft horse.
    [other meanings are available]

It comes from Middle English feþer (feather), from Old English feþer (feather, pen), from Proto-West Germanic *feþru (feather, wing), from Proto-Germanic *feþrō (feather), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ (feather, wing), from *peth₂- (to fly, to spread out) [source].

Words from the same Proto-Germanic roots include veer (feather, plume) and vlerk (wing, scoundrel) in Dutch, Feder (feather, spring, nib, penholder, fountain pen) and Gefieder (plumage) in German, and federa (pillowcase) in Italian (via Lombardic fedeara (feather)) [source].

Roger Federer (Switzerland)

By the way, the Swiss tennis player Roger Federer gets his surname from the Swiss German word Federer, which means ‘one who works with or trades in quills’, which are traditionally made from feathers [source]

Other words from the same Proto-Indo-European roots include πτηνό (ptinó – bird) in Greek, पत्र (patra – letter, paper, document, leaf) in Hindi, adar (birds) and adain (wing, fin) in Welsh, and appetite, petal, petition and fathom in English [source].

Helicopter

Incidentally, the word heliocopter also comes from the same roots, via French hélicoptère (helicopter), which comes from Ancient Greek ἕλιξ (hélix – spiral) &‎ πτερόν (pterón – feather, wing) – at least the -pter part does – see also pterodactyl (“winged finger”) [source].

Can anybody identify which birds the feathers in the photo at the top of this post come from? I found them in my garden.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com

I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the Omniglot Blog, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the Celtiadur blog.




Omniglot News (03/08/25)

By Simon

Podcast: Play in new window | Download

Omniglot News

Here’s the latest news from the world of Omniglot.

New constructed script: Urup Bakatiʼ, which was created by Reza Sumanda as a way to write Bakatiʼ, a Land Dayak language spoken in West Kalimantan in Indonesia.

Sample text in Urup Bakatiʼ

New language pages:

  • Bakatiʼ, a Land Dayak language spoken in West Kalimantan in Indonesia.
  • Koro (Kōrō), a North-Central Vanuatu language spoken on Gaua Island in Torba Province in northern Vanuatu.
  • Mota, a North-Central Vanuatu language spoken on Mota Island in Torba Province in northern Vanuatu.
  • Guna (Dulegaya), a Chibchan language spoken in northern Colombia and southern Panama.

New numbers pages:

  • Batak Karo (cakap Karo), a Northern Batak language spoken in the provinces of Aceh and North Sumatra in Indonesia.
  • Bouyei (Haausqyaix), a Tai-Kaidai language spoken mainly in Guizhou Province in southern China, and also in northern Vietnam.
  • Dioula (Julakan), a Western Mande language spoken in Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast and Mali.

On the Omniglot blog we look at the world through rose-tinted spectacles and discover that everything is coming up roses as we investigate some rose-related expressions in a post entitled Rose-Tinted, and there’s the usual Language Quiz. See if you can guess what language this is:

Here’s a clue: this language is spoken in the southwest of Russia.

The mystery language in last week’s language quiz was: North Ambryn (Ranon) a North-Central Vanuatu language spoken on Ambryn Island in Malampa Province in the north of Vanuatu.

In this week’s Celtic Pathways podcast, Sunwise, we unravel the Celtic origins of the English word desieal (the direction of the sun, right-hand side).

It’s also available on Instagram and TikTok.

On the Celtiadur blog there’s a new post entitled First Things First about words for first, before, previous and related things, and I made improvements to the post about words for To Seek and related things in Celtic languages.

Improved page: Kven phrases

New song: Discombobulation

This recording features me on vocals, guitar, cavaquinho, descant recorder, tenor recorder and (GarageBand) drums. It’s also available on SoundCloud.

For more Omniglot News, see:
https://www.omniglot.com/news/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/
https://www.facebook.com/Omniglot-100430558332117

JapanesePod101.com

You can also listen to this podcast on: Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Stitcher, TuneIn, Podchaser, PlayerFM or podtail.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.




Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo

Celtic Pathways – Sunwise

By Simon

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In this episode we unravel the Celtic roots the English word deiseal.

Clockwise

Deiseal [ˈdjɛʃəl] refers to a motion towards the right, in the direction of the hands of a clock or of the apparent motion of the sun (in the Northern Hemisphere); a turning in this direction. It is also written deisal, deasil, deisul or deshil [source].

Apparently deiseal can also be said when someone sneezes or swallows something awry. In this context, it means ‘May it go right’, and is an alternative to ‘(God) bless you’ or ‘gesundheit’.

It was borrowed from the Irish word deiseal (righthand direction, direction of the sun, clockwise, sunwise), which comes from Old Irish dess [dʲes] (right, south) and sel [sʲel] (a turn, a while), from Proto-Celtic *dexswos (right, south) and *swelos (a turn) [source].

Related words in the Celtic languages include mearbhall [ˈmʲaɾˠəwəl̪ˠ] (bewilderment, confusion) in Irish, deiseal [dʲeʃal] (clockwise, facing south, finished, ready, poised, prepared, handy, dexterous) in Scottish Gaelic, jeshal (clockwise) in Manx, and chwŷl [χwɨːl] (turn of events, course, destiny) in Welsh.

And also tuathal [ˈt̪ˠuəhəl̪ˠ] (anticlockwise, counterclockwise) in Irish, and tuathal [tuəhəl̪ˠ] (anticlockwise, unlucky, ill-omened, confused, agitated, disorien(ta)ted) in Scottish Gaelic [source].

More details of such words can be found in the Celtiadur post To Seek.

Another word for anticlockwise in English is widdershins / withershins, which also used to mean ‘the wrong way’. It comes from Middle Low German weddersins, from wedder- (whither, against, opposite) and sin (direction, way) [source].

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.




Omniglot News (27/07/25)

By Simon

Podcast: Play in new window | Download

Omniglot News

Here’s the latest news from the world of Omniglot.

New constructed script: Saramukhi, an alternative script for Indonesian and English created by Reza Sumanda and inspired by the Devanagari and Marchen scripts.

Sample text in Indonesian in the Saramukhi Alphabet

New adapted script: Groeg (κροηκ​​), a way to write Welsh with the Greek alphabet devised by Xavier Merica.

Sample text in the Groeg Alphabet

New language pages:

  • Fwe (Chifwe), a Bantu language spoken in northeast Namibia and southwest Zambia.
  • Giryama (Kigiryama), a Bantu language spoken in Kilifi County in southeast Kenya.
  • Kalanga, (TjiKalanga / Ikalanga), a Southern Bantu language spoken in southwestern Zimbabwe and northeastern Botswana.

New numbers pages:

  • Giryama (Kigiryama), a Bantu language spoken in Kilifi County in southeast Kenya.
  • Isinai, a Northern Luzon language spoken in Nueva Vizcaya Province in Luzon in the Philippines.
  • Karai-Karai (bo Karaikarai), a West Chadic language spoken mainly in Yobe State in the northeast of Nigeria.

On the Omniglot blog we find out whether the words gig, jig and the German word Geige (violin) are connected in a post entitled Gigs, Jigs & Fiddles, and there’s the usual Language Quiz. See if you can guess what language this is:

Here’s a clue: this language is spoken in Vanuatu.

The mystery language in last week’s language quiz was: Kituba, a Kikongo-based creole spoken in Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

In this week’s Adventure in Etymology, Discombobulation, we investigate the word discombobulate and related words.

It’s also available on Instagram and TikTok.

On the Celtiadur blog there’s a new post entitled Each & Every about words for each, every, all and related things in Celtic languages.

For more Omniglot News, see:
https://www.omniglot.com/news/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/
https://www.facebook.com/Omniglot-100430558332117

JapanesePod101.com

You can also listen to this podcast on: Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Stitcher, TuneIn, Podchaser, PlayerFM or podtail.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.




Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo

Adventures in Etymology – Discombobulation

By Simon

Podcast: Play in new window | Download

In this Adventure in Etymology we investigate the word discombobulate.

Discombobulation

To discombobulate [ˌdɪs.kəmˈbɒb.jəˌleɪt] is:

  • To throw into a state of confusion
  • To befuddle or perplex.
  • To upset or embarrass

It was coined in the USA and first appeared in writing in around 1867 [source]. It is a fanciful mock-Latin term of a kind that was popular at that time, and was possibly inspired by words like discompose and discomfit [source].

Similar words were in use from about 1825, including discomboberated, discombobolate and discomboberate [source]

Related words include:

  • discombobulation = an embarrassing feeling that leaves a person confused; a confused or disorderly state
  • discombobulator = one who / that which discombobulates; a thingy or doodad
  • pericombobuation = disturbance and confusion (features in a 1987 episode of Blackadder The Third, a BBC TV comedy series)
  • to combobulate = to compose (oneself), to organize, to reverse the effect of discombobulation
  • recombobulation = the act of recombobulating; putting back into order; removing confusion

Other mock-Latin words coined in the 19th century include to absquatulate (to leave quickly, to flee), to bloviate (to speak at length in a pompous or boastful manner), to hornswoggle (to deceive or trick), and to skedaddle (to run away quickly) [source].

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.

Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com

I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the Omniglot Blog, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the Celtiadur blog.




Omniglot News (20/07/25)

By Simon

Podcast: Play in new window | Download

Omniglot News

Here’s the latest news from the world of Omniglot.

New phonetic script: Vniverall (Universal) Alphabet, which was created by Thomas Harriot in the 1580s as a way to write the Carolina Algonquian language.

Vniversall Alphabet

New constructed script: Ranting Mualang, which was created by Reza Sumanda as is a way to write Mualang, a Ibanic language spoken in West Kalimantan Province in Indonesia.

Sample text in the Ranting Mualang script

New adapted script: Hindica (हिन्दिट​​), a way to write Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian, etc with the Devanagari script devised by Melvin Hukarević.

Sample text in the Hindica Alphabet

New language pages:

  • Katu (Kơtu), a Katuic language spoken in central Vietnam and southeastern Laos.
  • Aushi (Ikyaushi), a Northeast Bantu language spoken in the northeast of Zambia and the southeast of the DRC.
  • Pacoh, (Pacóuh), a Katuic language spoken mainly in central Vietnam, and also in southern Laos.

New numbers pages:

  • Kutenai (ktunaxa), a language isolate spoken in Montana and Idaho in the USA, and British Columbia in Canada.
  • Pacoh, (Pacóuh), a Katuic language spoken mainly in central Vietnam, and also in southern Laos.

On the Omniglot blog we find out whether the words show, sheen and shine are connected in a post entitled Shiny Sheens Show, and there’s the usual Language Quiz. See if you can guess what language this is:

Here’s a clue: this language is spoken in Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The mystery language in last week’s language quiz was: Nukumanu, a Polynesian language spoken on Nukumanu Island in Bougainville province in Papua New Guinea.

In this week’s Celtic Pathways podcast, Shovelling Oars, we uncover the Celtic roots of words for oar, to row and related things in Basque.

It’s also available on Instagram and TikTok.

On the Celtiadur blog there’s a new post about words for Barrels, Tuns & Casks, and related things in Celtic languages.

Improved Celtiadur post: Thick

Here’s a new recording of a song I wrote in July 2012 called Chaos or The Tidy Person’s Lament – now with added chaos!

For more Omniglot News, see:
https://www.omniglot.com/news/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/
https://www.facebook.com/Omniglot-100430558332117

JapanesePod101.com

You can also listen to this podcast on: Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Stitcher, TuneIn, Podchaser, PlayerFM or podtail.

If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or contribute to Omniglot in other ways.




Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with Blubrry Podcast Hosting, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code omniglot.

Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo