Words for sickness, disease, grief and related things in Celtic languages.
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
| Proto-Celtic | *galarom = a distressing or painful condition, such as disease, illness, grief, sorrow |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | galar = disease, pain |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | galar, galur, gallra, galara = sickness, disease, (physical) pain, mental suffering, distress, grief |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | galar [ˈɡɑl̪ˠəɾˠ/ˈɡɔlˠəɾˠ] = sickness, disease, affliction, misery, diseased, miserable, worthless galrach = diseased, infected, sickly, morbid galrachán = sickly creature or thing galracht = sickliness, morbidity galareagla = hypochondria galareolaí = pathologist |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | galar [gal̪ˠər] = disease, illness, malady, ailment galar-eòlas = pathology galar-sgaoilte = epidemic galarach [gal̪ˠərəx] = diseased, infective galaraich = infect |
| Manx (Gaelg) | gorley = disease, festering, malady darrag = oak, beam, cast (fishing), snood, hairline gorley-oaylleeaght = pathology gorlagh = diseased, infectious ym-ghorley = epidemic |
| Proto-Brythonic | *galar = grief, sorrow |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | galar = mourning, grief, sorrow, longing (for a deceased person), lament(ation), sighing galargyrn = horn of mourning |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | galar [ˈɡalar/ˈɡaːlar] = mourning, grief, sorrow, longing (for a deceased person), lament(ation), sighing galaraeth = grief, tribulation galaru = to mourn, grieve, lament, moan, weep, wail galaraidd = mournful galargan = elegy, lament galarnadus = lamented, lamentable, mournful, plaintive |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | galar = grief, sorrow, anguish, a pang, lamentation galarow = to weep for, bewail, lament |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | galar [daːr / dæːr] = grief galarek = miserable galari = to grieve, lament, mourn galarow = agony |
| Middle Breton (Brezonec) | glachar = sorrow, afflication, pain |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | glacʼhar [ˈɡlɑːɣar] = sorrow, affliction, pain glacʼhariñ [ɡlaˈɣɑː.rĩ] = to afflict, grieve glacʼharus [ɡla.ˈɣɑː.rys] = distressing, heartbreaking, desolate, painful (morally) |
Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelH-ro-. Possibly related to the English word gall, and the Lithuanian word žalà (damage, harm) [source].
| Proto-Celtic | *ankus = slaughter |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | écht = slaying, exploit |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | écht, echt, eacht = a slaying, slaughter, pity, grief, sorrow, mourning, exploit, prowess, deed of valour |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | éacht [d̪ˠaɾʲ] = killing, slaying, slaughter, feat, exploit, achievement éachtach = full of prowess, powerful, wonderful, extraordinary éachtaí = wondrousness, extraordinariness |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | euchd [iəxg] = exploit, feat, deed euchdach [iəxgəx] = heroic, daring euchdmhor = abounding in achievements, deeds or feats |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | aeth = pain, woe, grief, sorrow, longing |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | aeth = pain, woe, grief, sorrow, longing, fear, fright, terror, shock aethlyd = terrible, dreadful, hideous, horrible, grievous, painful |
Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *n̥ḱtu, from *neḱ- (to perish, disappear) [source]. Words from the same PIE roots include innocent, necropolis, nectar, noxious and nuisance in English, nuocere (to harm, injure, damage) in Italian, nuire (to harm, spoil) in French, anegar (to inundate, flood, drown) in Spanish, éag (Death, numbness) in Irish, angau (death, decease) in Welsh, and related words in the other Celtic languages [source].
Sources: Wiktionary, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, Teanglann.ie, Am Faclair Beag, An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Online Manx Dictionary, Gaelg Corpus, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall, Gerlyver Kernewek, Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton, Dictionnaires bilingues de Francis Favereau / Edition Skol Vreizh, TermOfis
