Words for duke and related things.
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
| Middle Irish | diúc, diúic, diúice = leader, governor, duke diúicecht, diúiceacht = duchy |
|---|---|
| Irish (Gaeilge) | diúc, diúic [dʲuːk] = duke bandiúc [dʲuːk] = duchess diúcacht, diúiceacht = dukedom, duchy |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | diùc [dʲuːxg] = shot, cast, throw, report (of gun) ban-diùc = duchess diùcachd = duchy, dukedom |
| Manx (Gaelg) | duic, diuic = duke bendiuic = duchess ard-duic = archduke duicaght = duchy |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | duc, dug, dvwc, duwc dyk = duke, chief of a tribe, leader, captain dugiaeth, dukiaeth = dukedom, duchy, chiefdom, leadership |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | dug [dɨːɡ / diːɡ] = duke, chief of a tribe, leader, captain duges = duchess dugiaeth, du(w)ciaeth = dukedom, duchy, chiefdom, leadership dugiol, duwciol = ducal |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | duk = duke dukes = duchess duketh = duchy |
| Middle Breton (Brezonec) | duc = duke duches, ducgez = duchess |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | dug = duke dugez = duchess dugaj, dugelezh = duchy dugal = ducal |
Etymology: from Middle English duk(e) (leader, guide, noble, duke), from Old French duc (duke), from Latin dux (leader, head, commander, general, captain, prince, ruler), from dūcō (to lead, guide), from Proto-Italic *doukō (to lead), from PIE *déwkti (to pull, draw, lead), *dewk- (to pull, draw, lead). The Breton words probably come from Middle or Old French [source].
Words from the same roots include duct, team, tether, tie and tow in English, touer (to tug or tow a ship, to haul a barge) in French, duque (duke) in Spanish, Zug (procession, train, pull, yank) in German, and dwyn (to steal, take, bring to) in Welsh [source].
Sources: Wiktionary, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, Teanglann.ie, Am Faclair Beag, An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Online Manx Dictionary, Gaelg Corpus, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall, Gerlyver Kernewek, Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton, Geriafurch, TermOfis