Death

Words for death and related things in Celtic languages.

Death

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *bāstom / bāssom = death
*bayeti = to die
*batom = death, pestilence
*dībatom = extinction, extinguisment
Gaulish dib = ?
Old Irish (Goídelc) bás [baːs] = death
baïd [ˈba.əðʲ] = to die
bath = death
díbad = extinction, quenching, estate of deceased
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) bás(a), báas = death
básaid, basat = to kill, put to death
básaigid, bäsaiged = to kill put to death, slay
básaire = executioner
básamuil = mortal
bath, baath, báth = death, destruction
díbad, dibud, dibath = destruction, extinction, quenching
Irish (Gaeilge) bás [bˠɑːsˠ / bˠæːsˠ] = death
básachán = dying, feeble, creature
básadóir = executioner
básaigh = to put to death, execute, die
básmhaireacht = mortality
básmhar = mortal
básúil = deathlike, deadly
díobhadh = elimination, extinction
díobhaí = without issue, extinct
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) bàs [baːs] = death, fatality, decease, demise
bàsachadh [baːsəxəɣ] = (act of) dying, expiring
bàsail [baːsal] = deadly, fatal, death-like
bàsaire [baːsɪrʲə] = executioner
bàsmhor [baːs(v)ər] = mortal, deadly, fatal, lethal
bàsmhorach [baːsvərəx] = mortal
bàsmhorachd [baːsvərəxg] = mortality, deadliness, lethalness
diobhadh† = destruction, death, inheritance
Manx (Gaelg) baase [bɛːs] = death
baasoil = deadly, deathlike, fatal
baasoiley = deadly
baasoilid = deadliness, mortality
Proto-Brythonic *bad = ?
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) bad, bat = plague, pestilence, death
Welsh (Cymraeg) bad = plague, pestilence, death
Old Cornish badus = lunatic
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) badus = lunatic
Cornish (Kernewek) badus = lunatic
Old Breton (Brethonoc) bat = ?
Middle Breton (Brezonec) bad(ou) = dizziness
badet = dazzled
Breton (Brezhoneg) bad [bɑːt] = daze
badañ = to daze
badet = stupefied

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (to go, step, stand) [source].

Proto-Celtic *marwos = dead
*marwāti = to die, kill
*marwonatus, *marwonatā = elegy, eulogy
Gaulish *maruos = dead
Old Irish (Goídelc) marb = dead; mortified, insensible, spiritually dead; inanimate; stagnant (water)
marbaid = to die, kill
marbán = corpse, dead person
marbdae = mortal, lifeless, inanimate
mart = death, dead animal, slaughtered cow or ox
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) marb = dead (person), mortal, mortified, insensible, spiritually dead, dying, lifeless, unconscious
marbaid = to kill, slay
marbnad, marbna, marbnadh = elegy
Irish (Gaeilge) marbh [ˈmˠɑɾˠəvˠ / ˈmˠarˠuː / ˈmˠarˠu] = dead person, death, defunct
marbhán = dead person, corpse, lethargic person, sultry weather
marbhánta = lifeless, spirtless, lethargic, dull, stagnant, airless, sultry, oppressive
marbhlann = morgue
marbhna = elegy
marfach = killing, slaying, carnage, slaughter, deadly, fatal, lethal
marfóir = killer
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) marbh [marav] = dead person, the dead
marbhach [maravəx] = deadly, mortal
marbhachadh [maravəxəɣ] = (act of) killing
marbhadair, marbhaiche = killer, slayer, murderer
marbhadh [maravəɣ] = (act of) killing
marbhan [maravan] = corpse
marbhrann [maravrən] = elegy
Manx (Gaelg) marroo = dead, lifeless, inanimate, glassy (look), muggy, dull, dud, stagnant, defunct, mortified, slaughtered, departed, deceased, killed, extinct
marrooagh = deadly, fatal, lethal, overpowering, internecine
marvaanagh = mortal, earthborn, fatal, vile
merriu = (the) dead, dead men, departed souls
Proto-Brythonic *marw = dead
*marwọd [marˈwɔːd] = to die
*marwnad = elegy (?)
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) marw, maru = dead, deceased, inanimate, spiritually dead
maru, merwi, marw = to die, expire, cease to exist, vanish, fade away
marwnad, marwnat = elegy, dirge, funeral song, epitaph
marwavl, marwawl, marwol = mortal, transitory, transient
Welsh (Cymraeg) marw = dead, deceased, inanimate, spiritually dead, insensible, lifeless, dull, languid
marwolaeth = death, decease, demise; suffering, tribulation; deadly plague or pestilence, fatal disease
marw(af), merwi = to die, expire, cease to exist, vanish, fade away
marwaidd = lifeless, languid, torpid, listless, dull, slugglish, drowsy, numb
marwnad [ˈmar.(w)nad] = elegy, dirge, funeral song, epitaph
marwol = mortal, transitory, transient
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) marow = dead, deceased, lifeless
marwel, merwel = to die, become lifeness
Cornish (Kernewek) marow = dead (person), switched off
marwel = mortal
marwostel = mortgage
marwostla = to mortgage
mernans = death
merwel = to decease, die, pass away
Middle Breton (Brezonec) marf, maru = death
maruel = mortal
meruell, meruel = to die
Breton (Brezhoneg) marv [mɑːro/ˈmarw] = death
marvedigezh = extinction
marvel = mortal
marvelezh = mortality
marvenn = necrosis
marveenniñ = to necrotize, become gangrenous
marvus = mortal, perishable
mervel [mɛr.vɛl] = to die, pass away, become insensible, extinguish

Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥wós (dead), from *mer- (to die, disappear) [source]. Words from the same roots include morbid, moribund, mortal, mortgage, murder, nightmare and postmortem in English, мереть (to die, stand still, sink) in Russian, mìrt (to die, stop working) in Latvian, and mir̃ti (to die) in Lithuanian [source].

Proto-Celtic *ankus = death
Old Irish (Goídelc) éc = death
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) éc, ec = death
Irish (Gaeilge) éag = Death, numbness, powerlessness
éagach = deceased (person)
éagbhás = dead-and-alive person
éaglach = (state of) extinction, death
éagmhar = fatal, causing death
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) eug [eːg] = death, Death, ghost, spectre
eug-lios = burial ground, churchyard, cemetery
eugach [iəgəx] = deathly, death-like, ghastly
eugachdainn [eːgəxgɪnʲ] = (act of) perishing, giving up the ghost
eugail [iəgal] = deathly, death-like, ghastly
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) agheu, angheu, aghev = death, decease, demise
Welsh (Cymraeg) angau = death, decease, demise, annihilation, cessation, mortal danger
Old Cornish ancou = death
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) ancow = death
Cornish (Kernewek) ankow = death
Old Breton (Brethonoc) ancou = Death
Middle Breton (Brezonec) ancou, ancquou, anquou = Death
Breton (Brezhoneg) ankoù [ˈãŋkow/ˈãŋku] = Death, skeleton

Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (to perish, disappear). Words from the same PIE roots include innocent, necropolis, nectar, noxious and nuisance in English, nuocere (to harm, injure, damage) in Italian, nuire (to harm, spoil) in French, anegar (to inundate, flood, drown) in Spanish, éacht (slaying, slaughter, feat, exploit) in Irish, aeth (pain, woe, grief, sorrow) in Welsh, and related words in the other Celtic languages [source].

The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com

Sources: Wiktionary, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, Teanglann.ie, Am Faclair Beag, An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Online Manx Dictionary, Gaelg Corpus, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall, Gerlyver Kernewek, Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton, Dictionnaires bilingues de Francis Favereau / Edition Skol Vreizh, TermOfis

Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo

One thought on “Death

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *