Disease

Words for sickness, disease, grief and related things in Celtic languages.

sorrow

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *galarom = a distressing or painful condition, such as disease, illness, grief, sorrow
Old Irish (Goídelc) galar = disease, pain
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) galar, galur, gallra, galara = sickness, disease, (physical) pain, mental suffering, distress, grief
Irish (Gaeilge) galar [ˈɡɑl̪ˠəɾˠ/ˈɡɔlˠəɾˠ] = sickness, disease, affliction, misery, diseased, miserable, worthless
galrach = diseased, infected, sickly, morbid
galrachán = sickly creature or thing
galracht = sickliness, morbidity
galareagla = hypochondria
galareolaí = pathologist
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) galar [gal̪ˠər] = disease, illness, malady, ailment
galar-eòlas = pathology
galar-sgaoilte = epidemic
galarach [gal̪ˠərəx] = diseased, infective
galaraich = infect
Manx (Gaelg) gorley = disease, festering, malady
darrag = oak, beam, cast (fishing), snood, hairline
gorley-oaylleeaght = pathology
gorlagh = diseased, infectious
ym-ghorley = epidemic
Proto-Brythonic *galar = grief, sorrow
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) galar = mourning, grief, sorrow, longing (for a deceased person), lament(ation), sighing
galargyrn = horn of mourning
Welsh (Cymraeg) galar [ˈɡalar/ˈɡaːlar] = mourning, grief, sorrow, longing (for a deceased person), lament(ation), sighing
galaraeth = grief, tribulation
galaru = to mourn, grieve, lament, moan, weep, wail
galaraidd = mournful
galargan = elegy, lament
galarnadus = lamented, lamentable, mournful, plaintive
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) galar = grief, sorrow, anguish, a pang, lamentation
galarow = to weep for, bewail, lament
Cornish (Kernewek) galar [daːr / dæːr] = grief
galarek = miserable
galari = to grieve, lament, mourn
galarow = agony
Middle Breton (Brezonec) glachar = sorrow, afflication, pain
Breton (Brezhoneg) glacʼhar [ˈɡlɑːɣar] = sorrow, affliction, pain
glacʼhariñ [ɡlaˈɣɑː.rĩ] = to afflict, grieve
glacʼharus [ɡla.ˈɣɑː.rys] = distressing, heartbreaking, desolate, painful (morally)

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelH-ro-. Possibly related to the English word gall, and the Lithuanian word žalà (damage, harm) [source].

Proto-Celtic *ankus = slaughter
Old Irish (Goídelc) écht = slaying, exploit
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) écht, echt, eacht = a slaying, slaughter, pity, grief, sorrow, mourning, exploit, prowess, deed of valour
Irish (Gaeilge) éacht [d̪ˠaɾʲ] = killing, slaying, slaughter, feat, exploit, achievement
éachtach = full of prowess, powerful, wonderful, extraordinary
éachtaí = wondrousness, extraordinariness
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) euchd [iəxg] = exploit, feat, deed
euchdach [iəxgəx] = heroic, daring
euchdmhor = abounding in achievements, deeds or feats
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) aeth = pain, woe, grief, sorrow, longing
Welsh (Cymraeg) aeth = pain, woe, grief, sorrow, longing, fear, fright, terror, shock
aethlyd = terrible, dreadful, hideous, horrible, grievous, painful

Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *n̥ḱtu, from *neḱ- (to perish, disappear) [source]. Words from the same PIE roots include innocent, necropolis, nectar, noxious and nuisance in English, nuocere (to harm, injure, damage) in Italian, nuire (to harm, spoil) in French, anegar (to inundate, flood, drown) in Spanish, éag (Death, numbness) in Irish, angau (death, decease) in Welsh, and related words in the other Celtic languages [source].

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Sources: Wiktionary, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, Teanglann.ie, Am Faclair Beag, An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Online Manx Dictionary, Gaelg Corpus, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall, Gerlyver Kernewek, Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton, Dictionnaires bilingues de Francis Favereau / Edition Skol Vreizh, TermOfis

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