Category: Middle Welsh (Kymraec)

Days

By Simon

Words for day in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic *dīyos = day
*gdijes = yesterday
*noxt-yēr- = yesterday evening, last night
*se-diwos = today
*sindai noxtē = tonight
Old Irish (Goídelc) día [dʲiːa̯] = day
indé = yesterday
irráir [əˈɾʲeːɾʲ] = yesterday evening, last night
indiu = today
innocht = tonight
i mbárach = tomorrow
Irish (Gaeilge) dia [dʲiə] = day
inné [əˈn̠ʲeː] = yesterday
aréir [əˈɾʲeːɾʲ] = yesterday evening, last night
inniu [əˈn̠ʲʊ / ɪˈn̠ʲʊv] = today
anocht [əˈn̪ˠɔxt̪ˠ] = tonight
amárach [əˈmˠaːɾˠəx] = tomorrow
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) dia [dʲiə] = day
an-dè [ən̠ʲ’dʲeː] = yesterday
a-raoir [əˈrɤirʲ] = yesterday evening, last night
an-diugh [əɲˈdʲu] = today
a-nochd [əˈn̠ˠɔ̃xg] = tonight
a-màireach [əˈmaːrʲəx] = tomorrow
Manx (Gaelg) je/jy = day
jea = yesterday
riyr = yesterday evening, last night
jiu = today, nowadays
noght = tonight
mairagh = tomorrow
Proto-Brythonic *dið = day, daytime
*hanoɨθ = tonight
Old Welsh did = day
heddiw = today
henoid = tonight
yfory = tomorrow
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) dyð [dɨːð] = day
doe = yesterday
neithuir / neithwyr = yesterday evening, last night
heddiw / hediw / hetiv = today
heno = tonight
auory = tomorrow
Welsh (Cymraeg) dydd [dɨːð / diːð] = day, time of daylight, light
ddoe [ðoːɨ̯ / ðɔi̯] = yesterday
neithiwr [ˈnei̯θjʊr / ˈnei̯θjʊr] = yesterday evening, last night
heddiw [ˈhɛðɪu̯ / ˈheːðɪu̯] = today
heno [ˈhɛnɔ / ˈheːnɔ] = tonight
yfory [əˈvɔrɨ / əˈvoːri] = tomorrow
Old Cornish det = day
doy = yesterday
hetheu = today
aurorou = tomorrow
Cornish (Kernewek) dydh [diːð] = day
de = yesterday
nyhewer = yesterday evening, last night
hedhyw = today
haneth = tonight
a-vorow [əˈvɔɾoʊ] = tomorrow
Breton (Brezhoneg) deiz [ˈdɛj / ˈdɛjs / ˈdeː] = day
dec’h = yesterday
neizheur / dec’h da noz = yesterday evening, last night
hiziv = today
fenoz = tonight
(w)arc’hoazh [war.ˈɣwɑːs] = tomorrow

Etymology (day): from the Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (to be bright, sky, heaven) [source].

Etymology (tomorrow): from the Proto-Celtic bāregos (morning), either from *bā-rigos (cow-tying), or from the Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-h₃reǵos (light-extending) [source].

Proto-Celtic *latyom = day
Old Irish (Goídelc) lá [l̪ˠaː] / laithe = day
Irish (Gaeilge) lá [l̪ˠɑː / l̪ˠæː] = day, daytime; current time; lifetime; point of time
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) latha [l̠ˠa.a] = day
Manx (Gaelg) laa [leː / laː] = day, daytime

Etymology from the Proto-Indo-European *leh₁t- (warm part of the year) [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

The names of the months (and days and seasons) in Celtic languages

Days in Celtic languages

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Globse

Time & Weather

By Simon

Words for time and weather in Celtic languages.

Old Irish (Goídelc) amm = point of time
Irish (Gaeilge) am [aumˠ / ɑːmˠ / amˠ] = time, point of time, occasion, usual, due, proper, opportune, season, period
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) àm [ãũm/amə] = time, occasion, period
Manx (Gaelg) am = time

Etymology: unknown

Proto-Celtic *amsterā = time, movement
Old Irish (Goídelc) aimser [ˈamʲsʲer] = point in time, period of time, age, epoch, rule, reign, season, weather
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) aimser [ˈamʲʃər] = time
Irish (Gaeilge) aimsir [ˈamʲʃəɾʲ / ˈæːmʲʃəɾʲ] = mind, mental state, disposition, attention, spirits, intention, accord
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) aimsir [ɛmɛʃɪrʲ] = climate, weather, season, era, time, reign
Manx (Gaelg) emshir [ˈɛmʃər] = weather, weather conditions, tense, time
Old Welsh amser = time
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) amser [ˈamser] = time
Welsh (Cymraeg) amser [ˈamsɛr / ˈamsar] = time, occasion, date, opportunity
Cornish (Kernewek) amser = (grammatical) tense
Breton (Brezhoneg) amzer = time, weather

Etymology: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *h₂meh₁- (to mow, reap, harvest).

Proto-Celtic *trātu = time, hour
Old Irish (Goídelc) tráth [traːθ] = period of time, hour, point in time, day
Irish (Gaeilge) tráth [t̪ˠɾˠɑː / t̪ˠɾˠæː] = hour, time, occasion, day, period
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) tràth [traː] = time, meal, (grammatical) tense, when, phrase, season
Manx (Gaelg) traa = duration, time, period, occasion, tempo

Etymology: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (to cross, pass).

Proto-Celtic *kʷritus = time, movement
Old Irish (Goídelc) cruth [kruθ] / crud [kruð] = form, shape, manner, way
Irish (Gaeilge) cruth [kɾˠʊ(h)] = shape, appearance, state, condition, manner, mode
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) cruth [kruh] = form, shape, figure
Manx (Gaelg) croo = shape, appearance, format, coinage, creation, create, coining, form, build
Proto-Brythonic *prɨd = shape, form. time
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) pryd/pryt = time. occasion
Welsh (Cymraeg) pryd [prɨːd / priːd] = time, occasion, period, season, day, meal(time), when, while
Old Cornish prit = time
Cornish (Kernewek) prys = time, season
Middle Breton pred = moment, meal
Breton (Brezhoneg) pred = moment, meal

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (to do, make, build).

Middle Welsh (Kymraec) tywyd = weather
Welsh (Cymraeg) tywydd [ˈtəu̯.ɨ̞ð / ˈtəu̯.ɪð] = weather
Cornish (Kernewek) tewedha = weather

Etymology: unknown

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

DUBLIN

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek

Nails, Claws and Talons

By Simon

Words for nails in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic *angʷīnā = (finger/toe) nail
Old Irish (Goídelc) ingen [ˈiŋʲɡʲen] = (finger/toe) nail
Irish (Gaeilge) ionga [ˈɔŋə] = nail, claw, talon; hoof; clove (of garlic); quid (of tabacco)
ionga méire finger nail
ionga ordóige = thumbnail
ionga coise / ionga laidhre toenail
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) ionga [iŋgə] = (finger) nail, toenail, claw, talon, gusset
Manx (Gaelg) ingin [ˈiŋən] = claw, nail, talon, hoof; clove (of garlic)
ingin ordaag = thumbnail
ingin choshey toenail
Proto-Brythonic *ėɣwin = nail
Old Welsh eguin = nail
Middle Welsh (Kyrmraec) ewin = nail
Welsh (Cymraeg) ewin [ˈɛu̯.ɪn] = nail of a finger or toe; claw or talon (of bird), claw (of carnivorous beast); division of a cloven hoof; worthless remnant; power of grip; cog of a wheel; jutting edge of rock; clove (of garlic), small piece, particle
ewin bawd thumbnail
ewin troed toenail
Old Cornish euuin = fingernail
Cornish (Kernewek) ewyn = claw, fingernail, talon, toenail; clove (of garlic)
Old Breton eguin = fingernail
Middle Breton euin = fingernail
Breton (Brezhoneg) ivin [ˈboːs] = fingernail, tab

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *h₃nṓgʰs ((finger/toe) nail) [source].

30: Shiny

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, MacBain’s Dictionary, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old-Irish Glossary, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau, TermOfis

Salmon

By Simon

Words for salmon in the Celtic languages. The species of salmon most common found around Celtic speaking lands is the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Other species of salmon are available.

There are three words for salmon in Proto-Celtic: *esoxs / *esāk, *φenk-īnjo and *φorko. Only the first one has descendents in the modern Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic *esoxs / *esāk = salmon
Gallaecian *īsis = salmon
Gaulish *esoks = salmon
Old Irish (Goídelc) eo [eːo̯] = salmon
Irish (Gaeilge) eo [oː / ɔː] = salmon; noble being, prince
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) eò [jɔː] = salmon (archaic)
eog = salmon
Proto-Brythonic *esāx = salmon
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) ehawc = salmon
Welsh (Cymraeg) eog [ˈɛ.ɔɡ / ˈeː.ɔɡ] = salmon, sea-trout, sewin, samlet
Old Cornish ehoc = salmon
Cornish (Kernewek) eghek = salmon
Middle Breton eheuc = salmon
Breton (Brezhoneg) eog = salmon

Etymology: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *peysḱ- (fish).

Old Irish (Goídelc) bratán = salmon
Irish (Gaeilge) bradán [bˠɾˠəˈd̪ˠaːn̪ˠ / ˈbˠɾˠad̪ˠaːnˠ / ˈbˠɾˠɑd̪ˠɑnˠ] = salmon
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) braden [bradan] = salmon
Manx (Gaelg) braddan = salmon

Etymology: from the Old Irish brat (captivity, bondage, robbery) and án (diminutive suffix).

Welsh (Cymraeg) samon / samwn = salmon
Cornish (Kernewek) sowman = salmon
Breton (Brezhoneg) somon = salmon

Etymology: from the English salmon, from the Middle English samoun, samon, saumon (salmon), from the Anglo-Norman saumon (salmon), from the Old French saumon, from the Latin salmō (salmon), either from the Proto-Celtic *esoxs / *esāk, or from the Latin saliō (to leap).

Salmon Jumping Falls (NPS/D. Jacob)

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, MacBain’s Dictionary, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old-Irish Glossary, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau, TermOfis

Ducks

By Simon

Words for ducks in Celtic languages.

Old Irish (Goídelc) *lachu [ˈl͈axu] = duck
Irish (Gaeilge) lacha [ˈl̪ˠaxə] = duck
lacha bhreac / lacha chriosrua / seil lacha = shelduck (Tadorna tadorna)
iolar mara / coirneach / mallard = mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) lach [l̪ˠax] = (wild) duck
crà-ghèadh / cràighiadh / crà-eun = shelduck
lach-Mhoire / lach-riabhach = mallard
Manx (Gaelg) laagh = duck, wild goose
laagh chryss-ruy = shelduck
laagh voirrey / mallard = mallard

Etymology: possibly from the same Proto-Indo-European root as the Lithuanian word lak (to fly).

Irish (Gaeilge) tonóg = duck; dumpy little woman
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) tunnag [ˈtʰun̪ˠak] = duck
tunnag-mhonaidh / tunnag-fhiadhaich = mallard
Manx (Gaelg) thunnag = duck
thunnag vreck = shelduck

Etymology: unknown

Proto-Celtic *awis = bird (?)
Irish (Gaeilge) aí / ai / aoi = swan
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) ai = swan
Proto-Brythonic *(s)awyetos = duck (?)
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) hwyat / hwyeit = duck
Welsh (Cymraeg) hwyad(en) [ˈhʊɨ̯.ad / ˈhʊi̯.ad] = (female) duck
hwyaden yr eithin / hwayaden fraith = shelduck
hwyaden wyllt / meilad = mallard
Old Cornish hoet = duck
Cornish (Kernewek) hos = duck
hos eythyn = shelduck
hos gwyls / mallart = mallard
Breton (Brezhoneg) houad = duck
tadorn toveel = shelduck
houad-korz = mallard

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwis (bird) [source], which is also the root of such English words as avian, aviary, aviation and aviator, via the Latin avis (bird).

The species of ducks included here are found in Celtic-speaking lands. Other types of ducks are available.

Ducks!

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, MacBain’s Dictionary, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old-Irish Glossary, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau, TermOfis

Geese

By Simon

Celtic words for goose, waterfowl of the genus of the family Anatidae.

Proto-Celtic *gezdā = goose
Old Irish (Goídelc) géd = goose
Irish (Gaeilge) gé [ɟeː] = goose
gé ghlas = greylag goose (Anser anser)
gé ghiúrainn = barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis)
cadhan = brent goose (Branta bernicla)
gé Cheanadach = Canada goose (Branta canadensis)
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) gèadh [gʲiəɣ] = goose
gèadh-glas = greylag goose
cathach [ka.əx] = barnacle goose
gèadh-got = brent goose
gèadh Canadach = Canada goose
Manx (Gaelg) guiy = goose
guiy glass = greylag goose
guiy twoaie = barnacle goose
guiy breck = brent goose
guiy Canadagh = Canada goose
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) guit = goose
Welsh (Cymraeg) gŵydd [ɡuːɨ̯ð / ɡʊi̯ð] = goose, simpleton
gŵydd wyllt (gyffredin) = greylag goose, wild goose
gŵydd (g)wyrain = barnacle goose
gŵydd ddu brent goose
gŵydd Ganada = Canada goose
Old Cornish guit = goose
Cornish (Kernewek) goedh = goose
goth wyls = greylag goose, wild goose
morwoth = barnacle goose
goth mannow = brent goose
goth kanada = Canada goos
Breton (Brezhoneg) gwaz = goose
gwaz louet = greylag goose, wild goose
garreli dremm wenn = barnacle goose
garreli boutin = brent goose
garreli-Kanada = Canada goose

Note: the types of goose mentioned here are commonly found in Celtic-speaking areas. Other types of geese are available.

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Geese / Gwyddau

Here’s a tune I wrote inspired by a couple of geese (pictured above) who used to live on the seashore in Bangor, and who I called Bertie and Gertie: Goosing Around / Gwyddio o Gwmpas

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, MacBain’s Dictionary, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old-Irish Glossary, teanglann.ie, fócloir.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau, TermOfis

Gulls

By Simon

Celtic words for (sea)gull, seabirds of the genus Larus or of the family Laridae.

Blackheaded gulls

Proto-Celtic *wailannā = seagull
Old Irish (Goídelc) faílenn, foílenn = seagull
Irish (Gaeilge) faoileán, faoileog = gull, seagull
faoileán bán = common gull (Larus canus)
faoileán ceanndubh, faoileán an chaipín = black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus)
faoileán droma duibh = greater black-backed gull (Larus marinus)
foillan scadán = (Larus argentatus)
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) faoileann [fɯːlən̪ˠ], faoileag [fɯːlag] = gull, seagull, common gull
faoileann-bheag = common gull
faoileann-dubh = black-headed gull
faoileann a’ chinn dhuibh = greater black-backed gull
faoileann-mhór = herring gull
Manx (Gaelg) foillan, foilleig, fooilleig = gull, seagull
foillan bane = common gull
foillan kione doo = black-headed gull
foillan saggyrt = greater black-backed gull
foillan skeddan = herring gull
Proto-Brythonic *gwuɨlann = seagull
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) gwylan = seagull
Welsh (Cymraeg) gwylan [ˈɡʊɨ̯lan / ˈɡʊi̯lan] = sea-gull, sea-mew; fair maiden; glutton
gwylan gyffredin = common gull
gwylan goes goch / gwylan benddu = black-headed gull
gwylan gefnddu = greater black-backed gull
gwylan y penwaig = herring gull
Old Cornish guilan = seagull
Cornish (Kernewek) golan [ˈɡoːlan / ˈɡʊlɐn] = gull, seagull
gwylan gemyn = common gull
skraw / skrawik / scraw = black-headed gull
gwylan keyn du = greater black-backed gull
gwylan hern = herring gull
Old Breton guilannou = seagull
Middle Breton goelann = seagull
Breton (Brezhoneg) gouelan = seagull
gouelan loue = common gull
gouelanig maskl du = black-headed gull
gouelan bras = greater black-backed gull
gouelan gris = herring gull

Etymology: thought to be from the Proto-Indo-European *wáy (oh! ah! woe! alas!), possibly related to *waylos (howler, wolf) [source].

The English word gull also comes from the same Proto-Celtic *wailannā, via the Middle English gulle [source].

The French word goéland (gull, herring gull) comes from the Breton gouelan [source].

Note: the types of gulls mentioned here are commonly seen in Celtic-speaking areas. Other gulls are available.

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Here’s a song I wrote in Manx and English about seagulls and their love of chips: Spollagyn son tey / Chips for tea

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, MacBain’s Dictionary, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old-Irish Glossary, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau, TermOfis

Swallows

By Simon

Words for swallows, swifts and martins in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic *wesnālā = swallow
Old Irish (Goídelc) ainnel, fannall = swallow
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) áilleóc, fainleóc = swallow
Irish (Gaeilge) fáinleog, áinleóg = swallow
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) (f)ainnleag [(f)ãĩn̪ʲl̪ʲag] = swallow, martin, storm(y) petrel
Proto-Brythonic *gwennọl = swallow
Old Welsh guennol = swallow
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) gwennawl = swallow
Welsh (Cymraeg) gwennol [ˈɡwɛnɔl] = swallow, martin; weaver’s shuttle
Cornish (Kernewek) gwennol = swallow
Old Breton guennol = swallow
Middle Breton guennel = swallow
Breton (Brezhoneg) gwennel = swallow

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *wós-r̥/*wés-n̥s (spring) [source].

Irish (Gaeilge) gabhlán = martin
gabhlán-binne = house martin (delichon urbicum))
gabhlán gainimh = sand martin (riparia riparia)
gabhlán gaoithe = swift (apus apus)
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) gòbhlan [gɔːl̪ˠan] = swallow, martin; prong, small fork
gòbhlan-gaoithe [goːl̪ˠan’gɤjə] = barn swallow (hirundo rustica)
gòbhlan-gainmhich [goːl̪ˠan gɛnɛvɪç] = sand martin, bank swallow
gòbhlan-dubh [goːl̪ˠan du] = (common) swift
gòbhlan-mara [goːl̪ˠan marə] = storm(y) petrel (hydrobatidae)
Manx (Gaelg) gollan = swift, martin; fork
gollan geayee = swallow
gollan gheinnee = sand martin
gollan mooar = swift
gollan thie = house martin

Etymology: from the Old Irish gabul (fork, forked branch), from the Proto-Celtic *gablā (fork, branch, gallows), from the Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (to grab, take) [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Flying swallow

Here’s a tune I wrote called The Swallow / Y Wennol:

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, MacBain’s Dictionary, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old-Irish Glossary, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

Herons

By Simon

Words for heron in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic *korxsā / *korxsiyos = heron
Celtiberian *cárcia = heron
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) corr = (grey) heron, stork, crane, leg-necked person
Irish (Gaeilge) corr [kəuɾˠ] = (grey) heron, stork, crane, leg-necked person
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) corra [kɔr̪ˠə] = heron, stork, crane
Manx (Gaelg) coar = heron, stork, crane
Proto-Brythonic *krɨxɨð = heron
Welsh (Cymraeg) crychydd [ˈkrəχɨ̞ð / ˈkrəχɪð] = heron
Old Cornish cherhit = heron
Cornish (Kernewek) kerghydh = heron
Old Breton corcid = heron
Breton (Brezhoneg) kerc’heiz = heron

Etymology: possibly immitative in origin. Words for heron in Spanish (garza) and Portuguese (garça) come from the Celtiberian root [source].

Proto-Brythonic *krexVr = heron
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) crehyr = heron
Welsh (Cymraeg) crëyr [ˈkrɛ.ɨ̞r / kreː.ɪr] = heron

Etymology: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱrey- (to scream, screech) [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Heron

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, MacBain’s Dictionary, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old-Irish Glossary, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

Cockerels / Roosters

By Simon

Words for cockerel / rooster in Celtic languages.

Cockerel

Proto-Celtic *kalyākos = cockerel, rooster
Old Irish (Goídelc) cailech [ˈkalʲex] = cockerel, rooster
Irish (Gaeilge) coileach [ˈkalʲex / ˈkɛlʲəx / ˈkɛlʲax] = cockerel, rooster
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) coileach [ˈkɤləx] = cockerel, rooster; male bird of any species; male lobster;
coilich = cockerels, etc; eddies, rapids, white water
Manx (Gaelg) kellagh = cock(erel), cock (of anchor), rooster, cock bird
Proto-Brythonic *kėljọg [ke̝lˈjɔːɡ] = cockerel, rooster
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) keylyauc, keilyawc = cockerel, rooster
Welsh (Cymraeg) ceiliog [ˈkei̯ljɔɡ / ˈkei̯ljɔɡ] = cock(erel); plucky person; weather-cock; cock of gun; water-cock; clevis of a plough, plough-cock; snack taken by quarrymen to their work
Old Cornish chelioc = cockerel, rooster
Middle Cornish kullyek = cockerel, rooster
Cornish (Kernewek) kulyek = cockerel, rooster
Middle Breton kilhog = cockerel, rooster
Breton (Brezhoneg) kilhog [ˈkiljok] = cockerel, rooster

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *kerkos [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, MacBain’s Dictionary, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old-Irish Glossary, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau