Words for deceit, treachery, conspiracy and related things in Celtic languages.
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
Proto-Celtic | *mratrom = deceit, betrayal, treachery |
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Old Irish (Goídelc) | mrath [ˈmr͈aθ] = deceiving, betraying marnaid [ˈmar͈n͈ɨðʲ] = to betray, deceive, delude |
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | brath = mairnid = to betray, deceive, delude |
Irish (Gaeilge) | brath [bˠɾˠɑh/bˠɾˠah] = perception, feeling, detection, spying, betrayal, expectation, intention, dependence, reliance braith [bˠɾˠa/bˠɾˠaç] = to perceive, feel, spy out, note, betray, sense, intend, expect, depend on braiteach = perceptive, alert, wary, sensitive, treacherous braistint = perception braiteoir = sensor brathadóir = betrayer, spy, informer |
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | brath [brah] = betraying, giving away, betrayal, knowledge brathadair [brahədɪrʲ] = betrayer, informer, traitor brathadh = betraying, giving away, betrayal, treason, informing on brathach [brahəx] = traitorous brathaich = (to) betray, inform on |
Manx (Gaelg) | brah = betray, disclose, betrayal, disclosure brahder = detector, traitor, betrayer, informer braheyder = betrayer, traitor |
Proto-Brythonic | *brad = treachery, betrayal, deceit |
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | brat, brad = treachery, betrayal, deceit, guile, ruse, conspiracy, treason bradu = to commit treachery, betray, deceive, plot, conspire bradedic = treacherous, deceitful bradaỽc, bradouc, bradog, bradoc = treacherous, deceitful, guileful, false bratwr, bradỽr, bradwr = traitor, betrayer bradychu, bredychu = to betray, be disloyal, deceive |
Welsh (Cymraeg) | brad [braːd] = treachery, betrayal, deceit, guile, ruse, conspiracy, treason bradaf, bradu = to commit treachery, betray, deceive, plot, conspire bradedig = treacherous, deceitful bradog = treacherous, deceitful, guileful, false, traitor, deserter bradwr, bradydd = traitor, betrayer bradwriad = conspiracy bradychu = to betray, be disloyal, deceive, reveal unintentionally |
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | bras = conspiracy, plot (?) |
Cornish (Kerneweg) | bras = conspiracy, plot brasa = to conspire, plot braser, brasores = conspirator, plotter |
Old Breton (Brethonog) | brat = deception, betrayal |
Middle Breton (Brezonec) | barat = deception, betrayal |
Breton (Brezhoneg) | barad [ˈbɑː.rat] = deception, betrayal, perfidy baradañ = to betray barader = traitor baraderezh = treachery |
Etymology: from Proto-Celtic marnati (to betray), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥-né-h₂-ti from *merh₂- (to crumble, destroy), which is also the root of merja (to squash, crush, bruise) in Icelandic [source].
Proto-Celtic | *brenkā = lie |
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Old Irish (Goídelc) | bréc [bʲrʲeːɡ] = lie, falsehood, deception, exaggeration brécach [ˈbʲrʲeːɡax] = lying, false, deceitful brécaid = to deceive, entice, seduce brécairecht = cunning, deceit, deception |
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | bréc, brég = falsehood, lie, deception brécach, brégach = lying, deceitful, counterfeit, false, entice, coax brécaid, bréicid = to deceive, lead astray, entice, seduce, decoy brécaire = liar, deceiver, flatterer, hypocrite brécán = plaything, toy |
Irish (Gaeilge) | bréag [bʲɾʲeːɡ] = lie, falsehood, false; to cajole, coax bréagach [ˈbʲɾʲeːɡəx] = liar, lying, false bréagadh = coaxing, cajolery bréagadóir = liar, deceiver, cajoler, wheedler bréagadóireacht = falsehood, deceit, cajolery, wheedling bréagán [ˈbʲɾʲeːɡɑːnˠ] = toy, plaything bréagchéadfa = hallucination |
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | breug [brʲiag] = falsehood, lie, untruth, deceiving, artificial, fake, false breugach [brʲiagəx] = deceitful, dishonest, false, lying breugadair [brʲiagədɪrʲ] = liar breugadh [brʲiəgəɣ] = coaxing, cajoling, enticing, soothing breugag [brʲiagag] = little lie, lying woman breugaireachd [brʲiəgɛrʲəxg] = habit of lying, mendacity |
Manx (Gaelg) | breag = lie, fallacy, sham, fiction, invention, untruth breagagh = lying, false, imitation, extravagant, fictious, spurious breageraght = equivocation, lying breagerey = liar, romancer, storyteller, dissembler breageyder = fabler, fibber, leg-puller breagerys = lying breigey = to beguile, cajole, coax, entice, decoy, lure, persuade, seduce, wheedle |
Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European bʰrenḱ- from *merh₂- (to deviate, corrupt) [source].
Proto-Celtic | *kelgâ = ? |
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Old Irish (Goídelc) | celg = deceit, guile, treachery |
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | celg, cealg, ceilg = deceit, guile, treachery, strategem, ambush, trap celgach = deceitful, treacherous celgaid = to deceive, defraud, beguile celgaire = deceiver, trickster |
Irish (Gaeilge) | cealg = deceit, guile, treachery; to beguile, allure, deceive, to lull to sleep, to sting cealgach = guileful, treacherous, beguiling, alluring cealgadh = beguilement, allurement, deception cealgaire = guileful person, beguiler, deceiver cealgaireacht = guilefulness, beguilement, deception, treachery cealgrún = treacherous intent, malevolence cealgrúnach = malevolent |
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | cealg [kʲal̪ˠag] = deceit, guile, treachery cealgach [kʲal̪ˠagəx] = deceitful, fraudulent, crafty, cunning, underhand cealgadair, cealgaire [kʲal̪ˠagədɪrʲ / kʲal̪ˠagɪrʲə] = cheat, deceiver, fraudster cealgaireach [kʲal̪ˠagɪrʲəx] = deceitful, treacherous cealgaireachd [kʲal̪ˠagɛrʲəxg] = cheating, defraudment, defraudation |
Manx (Gaelg) | kialg = craft(iness), deceit, duplicity, fiddle, guilde, perfidiousness, sedition, swindle, treachery, trickery kialgagh = deceitful, guileful, perfidious kialgeyr = betrayer, cheat, deceiver, swindler kialgoil = deceitful, pungent kialgys = craftiness, deceitfulness, wiliness kialgeyrys = cunning, deceit(fulness), double dealing, hypocrisy, knavery, treachery |
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | strong>celg, celc, kelk = wile, deceit, concealment kelky, celcu = to hide, conceal, secrete, steal, pilfer, embezzle celgwr, celcwr = deceiver, concealer, embezzler |
Welsh (Cymraeg) | celc, celg = wile, deceit, concealment, hoard, embezzlement celciad = a concealing, embezzlement celc(i)af, celcio, celcu = to hide, conceal, secrete, steal, pilfer, embezzle celc(i)wr, celgwr = deceiver, concealer, embezzler celcus = hidden, concealed, secret |
Etymology: ?
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | twyll, tvyll = deception, deceit, fraud, lie, falsehood, guile twyllaw, tvyllav = to deceive, defraud twyllawdyr, tỽyllaỽdyr = deceiver tvylledic, tuylledic, twylledig = deceived, misled, deceitful |
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Welsh (Cymraeg) | twyll [tuːɨ̯ɬ/tʊi̯ɬ] = deception, deceit, fraud, lie, falsehood, guile, malice, treachery, fault, defect twyllo = to deceive, defraud, swindle, mislead purposely, be unfaithful to, entice, seduce, disappoint, cheat, be deceptive or misleading twyllawdr = deceiver twylledig = deceived, misled, deceitful twylledd = deceit, deception twyllgar = deceitful, cheating, treacherous |
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | tull = deceit, fraud, guile tulle, tolla = to deceive tullor = deceiver |
Cornish (Kernewek) | toll = deceit, disappointment, fraud tolla = to cheat, deceive, delude, disappoint, kid, mislead |
Old Breton (Brethonoc) | tuill = decoy, illusion toillam = to deceive, delude, illusion, abuse |
Middle Breton (Brezonec) | toellaff = to deceive, delude, illusion, abuse |
Breton (Brezhoneg) | touell [ˈtwɛlː] = decoy, illusion, false, pretense touelladur = illusion(ism) touellañ [ˈtwɛ.lːã] = to deceive, delude, abuse, seduce toueller = imposter, seducer touellerez = misleading touellerezh = imposture touellet = deceived touellus = illusory touellwel = mirage |
Etymology: from Latin tēla (web, warp, loom), from Proto-Italic *teksō, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *tḗtḱ-ti / *teḱ-se-ti, from *teḱ- (to beget, produce), or from PIE *tek- (to weave, fasion) [source]. Word from the same root include: text, textile and texture in English, tisser (to weave, plait, wreathe) in French, tejer (to knit, spin, weave) in Spanish, and Docht (wick) in German [source].
Sources: Wiktionary, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, Teanglann.ie, Am Faclair Beag, An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Online Manx Dictionary, Gaelg Corpus, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall, Gerlyver Kernewek, Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton, Dictionnaires bilingues de Francis Favereau / Edition Skol Vreizh, TermOfis