Fields, Meadows and Pastures

31st July 201921st August 2021 By Simon

There are a number of words for fields in Celtic languages. Some appear only or mainly in placenames. Here’s a selection:

Old Irish (Goídelc)	achad = expanse of ground; pasture, field; field of battle
Irish (Gaeilge)	achadh [d̪ˠuːnˠ] = field (archaic, used mainly in placenames)
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	achadh [axəɣ] = field, plain, meadow; cornfield newly cut or ready for reaping

Etymology: unknown

Proto-Celtic	*gortos = fence, enclosure, pen
Old Irish (Goídelc)	gort = field, orchard, crop
Irish (Gaeilge)	gort [ɡɔɾˠt̪ˠ] = (cultivated) field, orchard, (standing) crop
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	gort [gɔrˠʃd] = standing corn; enclosure; small field
Proto-Brythonic	*gorθ = field
Welsh (Cymraeg)	garth = field, close, enclosure, fold, pen, yard; fort
Cornish (Kernewek)	gorth = field
Old Breton	orth = field
Breton (Brezhoneg)	garz = field

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰortós (enclosure, hedge) [source], which is also the root of words yard and garden in English, via the Proto-Germanic *gardaz (enclosure, court, yard, garden) [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Irish (Gaeilge)	machaire = plain; stretch of level ground, links, course; field
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	machair [maxɪrʲ] = extensive low-lying fertile plain, level country; extensive beach; ow and level part of a farm
Manx (Gaelg)	magher = field, fertile land, campaign, chase, machar, sphere

Etymology: unknown

Proto-Celtic	*rowesyā- = (field, open ground)
Old Irish (Goídelc)	róe [r͈oːi̯] = battle-field, level piece of ground, fight, battle
Irish (Gaeilge)	ré [rˠeː] = stretch of ground, level ground, field
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	raon [rˠɯːn] = field, (piece of) ground; plain; zone, area; field (of expertise); ambit
Manx (Gaelg)	rheam = gamut, range, field, monarchy
Old Breton	runt = mound
Breton (Brezhoneg)	run = mound, hill

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *Hrew(H)os (open space, field). The English words rustic and rural come from the same root, via Latin [source].

Proto-Celtic	*kagyom = pen, enclosure
Gaulish	*cagiíun / kagyom** = enclosure
Old Irish (Goídelc)	cai = field, orchard, crop
Proto-Brythonic	*kaɨ = animal pen, enclosure, field
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)	kay / kae = field, enclosure
Welsh (Cymraeg)	cae [kaːɨ̯ / kai̯] = hedge, hedgerow, fence; field, enclosure; circle, sphere; barrier, obstruction
Cornish (Kernewek)	ke = hedge, fence
Old Breton	cai = hedge
Middle Breton	quae = hedge
Breton (Brezhoneg)	kae = hedge

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *kagʰyóm (enclosure, hedge) [source], which is also the root of word hedge in English, via the Proto-Germanic *hagjō (hedge) [source].

Proto-Celtic	*magos = plain, field
Gaulish	*magos = field
Old Irish (Goídelc)	mag [maɣ] = plain, field ármag, árbach, ármach = field of slaughter, battlefield
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)	magh = plain
Irish (Gaeilge)	má [mˠɑː / mˠæː] = plain
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	magh [mɤɣ] = level country, plain Magh Meala = Land of (Milk and) Honey (in mythology) Magh Meall = elysium magh na bàire = the plain of battle
Manx (Gaelg)	magh = plain
Welsh (Cymraeg)	maes [maːɨ̯s / mai̯s] = field, open country
Cornish (Kernewek)	mes = open country
Old Breton	maes = countryside, outside
Breton (Brezhoneg)	maez = countryside, open field, outside, wide

Etymology: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *meǵh- (great) [source].

Proto-Celtic	*klowni = meadow
Old Irish (Goídelc)	clúain = meadow
Irish (Gaeilge)	cluain = meadow
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	cluain [kl̪uən̪ʲ] = green field, pasture, meadow
Old Welsh	clun = meadow, moor
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)	clun = meadow, moor
Welsh (Cymraeg)	clun [klɨːn / kliːn] = meadow, moor; brake, brushwood

Etymology: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *klopni (wet).

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

World & Existence

10th July 2019 By Simon

Words for world, existence and life in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic	*bitus = world
Old Irish (Goídelc)	bith [bʲiθ] = world
Irish (Gaeilge)	bith [bʲɪh / bʲɪ] = world, existence
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	bith [bih] = life, existence, being, living; the world
Manx (Gaelg)	beays = being, existence
Proto-Brythonic	*bɨd [ˈbɨːd] = world
Old Welsh	bid = world
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)	byd = world
Welsh (Cymraeg)	byd [bɨːd / biːd] = world
Old Cornish	bit, bys= world
Cornish (Kernewek)	bys [bɪːz] = world
Old Breton	bit, bet = world
Breton (Brezhoneg)	bed = world

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

Old Irish (Goídelc)	saegul = lifetime, world
Irish (Gaeilge)	saol [sˠeːlˠ / sˠiːlˠ] = life, lifetime; time; world
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	saoghal [sɯː.əl̪ˠ] = world, life(span), lifetime
Manx (Gaelg)	seihll [seːl / sɯːl / siːl] = age, existence, life, lifetime, span; public, world

Etymology: from the Latin saeculum (race, breed; generation, lifetime; age, time; century; worldliness; the world) [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

Food

8th July 2019 By Simon

Words for food in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic	*bētom = food
Old Irish (Goídelc)	bíad / bïad [bʲiːa̯ð] = food
Irish (Gaeilge)	bia [bʲiə] = food, substance
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	biadh [biəɣ] = food, fare, repast, viand, victual, feed, a meal
Manx (Gaelg)	bee [biː] = diet, feed, food, nourishment, provisions
Proto-Brythonic	*buɨd [ˈbuɨ̯d] = food
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)	bwyt = food
Welsh (Cymraeg)	bwyd [buːɨ̯d / bʊi̯d] = food, nourishment, meat, victuals, provisions
Old Cornish	buit = food
Cornish (Kernewek)	bos / boys [ˈbɔːz] = food, meal, fare
Middle Breton	boet, bouet = food
Breton (Brezhoneg)	boued = food, eat, edible, bait, flesh (of fish), marrow, pulp, substance

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃tom, from *gʷeyh₃- (to live) [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

Death

8th July 20199th July 2019 By Simon

Words for death in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic	*bāstom / bāssom = death
Old Irish (Goídelc)	bás [baːs] = death
Irish (Gaeilge)	bás [bˠɑːsˠ / bˠæːsˠ] = death
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	bàs [baːs] = death, decease, demise
Manx (Gaelg)	baase [bɛːs] = death

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (to go) [source].

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Teaglann.ie

Proto-Celtic	*marwos = dead
Old Irish (Goídelc)	marb = dead; mortified, insensible, spiritually dead; inanimate; stagnant (water)
Irish (Gaeilge)	marbh [ˈmˠɑɾˠəvˠ / ˈmˠarˠuː / ˈmˠarˠu] = dead person, death, defunct
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	marbh [marav] = dead person, the dead
Manx (Gaelg)	marroo = dead, lifeless, inanimate, glassy (look), muggy, dull, dud, stagnant, defunct, mortified, slaughtered, departed, deceased, killed, extinct merriu = dead men, departed souls
Proto-Brythonic	*marw = dead
Welsh (Cymraeg)	marw = dead, deceased, inanimate marwolaeth = death, decease, demise; suffering, tribulation; deadly plague or pestilence, fatal disease
Cornish (Kernewek)	mernans = death
Breton (Brezhoneg)	marv = death

Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (to die, disappear) [source].

Sources: Wiktionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

Proto-Celtic	*ankus = death
Old Irish (Goídelc)	éc = death
Irish (Gaeilge)	éag = Death, numbness, powerlessness
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	eug [eːg] = death, Death, ghost, spectre
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)	angheu = death
Welsh (Cymraeg)	angau = death, decease, demise, annihilation, cessation, mortal danger
Old Cornish	ancou = death
Cornish (Kernewek)	ankow = death
Old/Middle Breton	ancou = death
Breton (Brezhoneg)	ankow = death

Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *nek̂- (to perish, disappear) [source].

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Teaglann.ie, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

Languages and Tongues

5th July 20194th July 2022 By Simon

Today we’re looking at the words for language and tongue and related things in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic	*tangʷāss, tangʷāt = tongue
Old Irish (Goídelc)	tengae [ˈtʲeŋɡe] = tongue, language
Irish (Gaeilge)	teanga [ˈtʲaŋə / ˈtʲaŋɡə] = tongue, language teangach = tongued, lingual, wordy, loquacious teangachruthach = tongue-shaped, linguiform teangaigh = to tongue (in music) teangaire = interpreter teangeolaí = linguist, expert in linguistics teangeolaíocht = linguistics
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	teanga [tʲɛŋgə] = tongue, speech, spit (of land) teangan = tongue teangaidh = tongue, speech teangach = abounding in tongues, loquacious, langued (in hearldry) teangair = linguist, interpreter, orator, philologist
Manx (Gaelg)	çhengey [ˈtʃɛnʲə] = bell-clapper, clasp, feather, strap-hinge; catch (of buckle); tongue; language, speech; utterance çhengeyr çhyndaader = interpreter çhengeyder = linguist çhengoaylleeaght = linguistics çhengey ny mayrey = mother tongue daa-hengagh = bilingual yl-çhengagh = polyglot
Proto-Brytonic	tau̯āt, tavọd = tongue
Old Welsh	tauawt = tongue, language
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)	tauaut = tongue, language
Welsh (Cymraeg)	tafod [ˈtavɔd / ˈtaːvɔd] = tongue, faculty of speech, power of expression; language, speech, dialect, accent tafod aur = pleasant or witty talk, eloquence (“gold tongue”) tafod bach = uvula tafod cloch = clapper (of bell) tafodiaeth = language, vernacular or native language, dialect, pronunciation, articulation, verbal expression tafodi = to scold, rebuke, chide, berate, cheek, abuse (verbally), tongue (in music) tafodiad = a scolding or berating, pronunciation tafodwr = speaker, talker
Old Cornish	tauot = language, tongue
Middle Cornish	tawes = language, tongue
Cornish (Kernewek)	taves = language, tongue tavosa = to scold, tell off tavosek = talkative, verbose tavoseth = idiom, jargon
Old Breton	tavod = tongue
Middle Breton	teaut, teut = tongue
Breton (Brezhoneg)	teod [ˈtɛwt] = tongue teodel = oral teodek = talkative, gossipy teodyezh = speech, dialect, way of speaking teodyezhañ = to speak teodyezher = speaker

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (tongue) [source].

Words from the same PIE root include: tongue and language in English, lingua (tongue, language) in Italian, язик [jɐˈzɪk] (tongue) in Ukrainian, and jazyk (tongue, language) in Czech and Slovak [source].

Proto-Celtic	*yaxtī = language
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)	icht = race, people, tribe; province, district
Proto-Brythonic	jeiθ, i̯ekti = tongue
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)	ieith, yeith = language, nation, race
Welsh (Cymraeg)	iaith [jai̯θ] = language, tongue; people, nation, race, tribe ieithiadur = grammar ieithio = to pronounce, proclaim, express ieithog = having language or several languages, multilingual, polyglot ieithydd = one who has thorough knowledge or command of a language or languages, linguist, grammarian, philologist, interpreter, speark, poet ieithyddiaeth = linguistics, philology, grammar ieithgi = one who is interested in the study of language (rather than of literature), philologist
Cornish (Kernewek)	yeth [eːθ / jeːθ] = tongue, language yeth le-usys = minority language yethador = grammar yethel = linguistic yethonieth = linguistics yethor, yethores = linguist
Middle Breton	yez = language
Breton (Brezhoneg)	yezh [ˈjeːs] = language yezhadur = grammar yezhadurel = grammatical yezhel = linguistic yezher = speaker unyezher = unilingual divyezher = bilingual liesyezher = polyglot

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *yek- (to utter). It is uncertain if the Middle Irish word icht is cognate with the Brythonic words [source].

Words from the same PIE root include: joke and Yule in English, jul (Yule, Christmas) in Danish and Norwegian, juego (play, game, sport) in Spanish, and joc (game, play, dance) in Romanian [source].

Old Irish (Goídelc)	bélrae [ˈbʲeːl͈re] = language, speech bélrae Féne = legal language bélrae na filed = acrane vocabulary, poetic language
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)	bérla(e) = speech, language
Irish (Gaeilge)	béarla = speech (archaic) béarlachas = Anglicism béarlagair = jargon béarlamhail = having command of language, fluent (archaic) Béarla [ˈbʲeːɾˠl̪ˠə] = English (language) Béarlóir = English speaker Béarlóireacht = (act of) speaking English
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	Beurla [bjɤːr̪ˠl̪ˠə] = English (language) Beurlachas = Anglicism Beurla Leathann = Broad Scots
Manx (Gaelg)	Baarle [bɛːᵈl] = English (language) Baarlagh = of or pertaining to the English language Baarlaghys = Anglicism Baarleyr = English-speaker, anglophone Baarle Albinagh = Scots, Lallans Baarle Ghaelagh, Baarle Vanninagh = Anglo-Manx (language) Baarle Heenagh = pidgin Baarle chiart = the Queen’s English

Etymology: from the Old Irish bél (mouth) and -ra (collective suffix) [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Gerlyvyr Cernewec, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Geriafurch, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

Names

7th June 2019 By Simon

Words for name in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic	*anman = name
Gaulish	anuana = name
Primitive Irish	ᚐᚅᚋ (anm) = name
Old Irish (Goídelc)	ainmm, ainm [anʲmʲ] = name, reputation, repute, renown; noun
Irish (Gaeilge)	ainm [ˈanʲəmʲ] = name, reputation, noun
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	ainm [ɛnɛm] = name, denomination, title
Manx (Gaelg)	ennym [ɛnɛm] = name, noun, epithet, designation, title of book, figurehead
Proto-Brythonic	*anw [ˈanw] = name
Old Welsh	anu = name
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)	enw = name
Welsh (Cymraeg)	enw [ˈɛnʊ / ˈeːnu] = name, appellation, appellative; title, denomination, term, name or title; noun
Cornish (Kernewek)	hanow [‘hanɔʊ / ‘hænɔ] = name, noun, substantive
Middle Breton	hanu, anff = name
Breton (Brezhoneg)	anv [ˈɑ̃n.o] = name, noun

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (name) [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, On-line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

Useful phrases

What’s your name?

Irish: Cén t-ainm atá ort? Cad is ainm duit? C’ainm atá ort?
Scottish Gaelic: Dè an t-ainm a th’ort
Manx: Cre’n ennym t’ort?
Welsh: Beth ydy dy enw di?
Cornish: Pyth yw dha hanow?
Breton: Petra eo da anv? Pe anv out?

My name is …

Irish: Is mise … / Mise … / … is ainm dom
Scottish Gaelic: Is mise …
Manx: Ta’n ennym orrym … / Mish …
Welsh: … dwi / … ydw i
Cornish: Ow hanow yw …
Breton: … eo ma anv

More phrases in:
Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, Welsh, Cornish, Breton

Tracks & Paths

25th May 201915th July 2021 By Simon

Words for tracks & paths in Celtic languages.

Old Irish (Goídelc)	casán / cosán = path, footpath
Irish (Gaeilge)	cosán [kəˈsˠɑːn̪ˠ / ˈkɔsˠɑːnˠ / ˈkɑsˠɑnˠ] = path, footway, track; way, passage; direction
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	casan [kasan] = path, supporting beam, treadle, wattle
Manx (Gaelg)	cassan = path, trajectory, passage, sidewalk, thoroughfare

Etymology: from the Old Irish cos (foot) & -án [source].

Proto-Celtic	*slixtus = track, section
Old Irish (Goídelc)	slicht [sʲl͈ʲixt] = path, trace, track, trail, section, offspring
Irish (Gaeilge)	sliocht = mark, trace, track; offspring, line, progeny, posterity; passage, tract, extract
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	sliochd [ʃlixg] = descendants, offspring, increase, progeny, succession, lineage
Manx (Gaelg)	sliught = line, issue, spawn
Welsh (Cymraeg)	llywbr = path, footpath, beaten track, unmade pathway; footprints, tracks, trail; course, direction, orbit; method, manner, mode

Old Irish (Goídelc)	slighe [sʲl͈ʲixt] = path, trace, track, trail, section, offspring
Irish (Gaeilge)	slí = way, road, track; route, passage; course, direction; distrance, journey; means, method
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	slighe [ʃLʲi.ə] = path, track, trail, way; course, passage, route
Manx (Gaelg)	sleayd (?) = trail, dredge, sledge, toboggan, trailer

Proto-Celtic	*sentus = path, way
Old Irish (Goídelc)	sét [sʲl͈ʲixt] = path, trace, track, trail, section, offspring
Irish (Gaeilge)	séad = path, way; course, journey
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	séad = way, road
Proto-Brythonic	*hɨnt [hɨnt] = path, way
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)	hint, hynt = way, path, course
Welsh (Cymraeg)	hynt [hɨ̞nt / hɪnt] = way, path, course, journey, march; career, expedition, campaign, venture; affair; fate, condition, state; mood, freak, whim
Middle Cornish	hyns [hɪns] = course, path, road, way
Cornish (Kernewek)	hens [hɛnz] = course, path, road, way
Old Breton	hint = path, road
Middle Breton	hent = path, road
Breton (Brezhoneg)	hent [hɛ̃nd] = path, road

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *sent- (to head for, go, travel) [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Fords

23rd May 201915th July 2021 By Simon

Words for ford in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic	*yātus = ford
Old Irish (Goídelc)	áth = ford
Irish (Gaeilge)	áth = ford; spawning bed (in river); opening
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	àth [aːh] = ford
Manx (Gaelg)	aah = ford, drift

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- (to ride, travel) [source].

Proto-Celtic	*ɸritus = ford
Gaulish	ritu = ford
Irish (Gaeilge)	rith = ford
Proto-Brythonic	ritum, rrɨd = ford
Old Welsh	rit = ford
MIddle Welsh (Kymraec)	ryd, ryt = ford
Welsh (Cymraeg)	rhyd = ford, strait
Old Cornish	rid = ford
Cornish (Kernewek)	rys [rɪ:z] / res [re:z] = ford
Old Breton	rit = ford
Breton (Brezhoneg)	red = ford

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *pértus/*pr̥téw- (crossing) [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

Mountains

21st May 201915th July 2021 By Simon

Words for mountain and related words in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic	*slēbos = mountain, slope
Old Irish (Goídelc)	sliab [sʲl͈ʲiːa̯v] = mountain, mountain range; moor
Irish (Gaeilge)	sliabh [ʃlʲiəvˠ / ʃl̠ʲiəvˠ / ʃl̠ʲiəw] = mountain, moor, moorland
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	sliabh [ʃl͈ʲiəv] = hillside, slope, mountain
Manx (Gaelg)	slieau [slʲuː / ʃlʲuː] = mountain, fell, hillside, moor, berg

Proto-Celtic	*moniyos = mountain
Pictish	monid = mountain
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)	moned, monad = mountain
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	monadh [mɔnəɣ] = mountain (covered with moors), high-lying moorland; expanse of heather
Manx (Gaelg)	muyne = mountain
Proto-Brythonic	*mönɨð = mountain
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)	mynyð [ˈmənɨð] = mountain
Welsh (Cymraeg)	mynydd [ˈmənɨ̞ð / ˈmənɪð] = mountain, (large) hill, large pile, great amount; common, unenclosed land, mountain land, moorland; agricultural land; plain
Old Cornish	menit = mountain
Cornish (Kernewek)	menydh [‘mɛnɪð] = mountain, hill, uphill
Old Breton	monid = mountain
Breton (Brezhoneg)	menez = mount, mountain

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *men- (to tower, stand out) [source], which is also the root of English words such as mount, mountain, prominent and eminent [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Streams and Currents

5th May 20192nd November 2021 By Simon

Words for streams and currents in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic	*srutom = stream, river; flow, current
Old Irish (Goídelc)	sruth [sruθ] = stream, river, current; strait
Irish (Gaeilge)	sruth [sˠɾˠʊ(h)] = stream, current, flow
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)	sruth [sdruh] = stream, current
Manx (Gaelg)	stroo [struː] = current, stream, race, watercourse, tide-race, tidal flow
Proto-Brythonic	*frud = stream, river; flow, current
Welsh (Cymraeg)	ffrwd [fruːd] = swift stream, torrent, flood, current
Old Cornish	frot = stream
Breton (Brezhoneg)	froud = current, waterfall, torrent

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *srew- (to flow, stream) [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Dictionnaire Favereau

Proto-Celtic	*nantos / nantus = stream, valley
Proto-Brythonic	*nant [ˈnant] = stream, river, valley
Gaulish	*nanto = valley
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)	nant [ˈnant] = river, stream, brook
Welsh (Cymraeg)	nant [ˈnant] = river, stream, brook, rivulet; torrent, ditch, valley, glen, dale; ravine, gorge
Old Cornish	nans = stream
Cornish (Kernewek)	nans [nans / nænz] = dale, valley
Middle Breton	nant = valley
Breton (Brezhoneg)	ant = furrow, groove

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *nm̥-tu or *nem- (to bend) [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

Celtiadur

Exploring connections between Celtic languages

Category: Middle Welsh (Kymraec)

Fields, Meadows and Pastures

World & Existence

Food

Death

Languages and Tongues

Names

Useful phrases

Tracks & Paths

Fords

Mountains

Streams and Currents