Words for to error, deceit and related things in Celtic languages.
| Proto-Celtic | *welsos = error, deceit *wolsos = something wrong |
|---|---|
| Gaulish | uolson = (?) |
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | fell = deceit, treachery fellaid = to act deceitfully faill = neglect |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | fell = deceit, treachery felle = treachery felmaíne = deceitful riches faill, fall = neglect, negligence |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | feall [fʲɑːl̪ˠ/fʲal̪ˠ] = deceit, treachery, let-down, failure; to prove false to, betray, fail fealladh = deception, betrayal, failure. feallaire = deceiver, betrayer feallaireacht = deception, betrayal fealltach = deceitful, treacherous fealltacht = deceitfulness, treachery feallatóir = betrayer, traitor feallatóireacht = betraying, treachery faill = negligence, omission, chance, opportunity, time, occasion, cessation, easement |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | feall [fjaul̪ˠ] = treachery, conspiracy, trickery, deceit, falsehood feallachadh [fjal̪ˠəɣ] = deceiving, deceit, deception feallag [fjal̪ˠag] = trick feallsach [fjaul̪ˠsəx] = mendacious, false, mock, pseudo feallsachd [fjaul̪ˠsəxg] = mendacity, deceit fealltach [fjaul̪ˠdəx] = fraudulent, traitorous fealltair [fjaul̪ˠdɪrʲ] = deceiver, traitor |
| Manx (Gaelg) | foall = deceit, felony, murder, slyness foalsaght = deceit(fulness), fallacy, falseness, hollowness, hypocrisy foalsey = affected, bogus, counterfeit, fallacious foalsid = affectation, deceitfulness, falseness, fictitiousness, perfidiousness, untruth foalserey = deceiver, hypocrite, sycophant |
| Middle Welsh (Kymreac) | guall, gvall, gwall = mistake, error, oversight, fault gwallawc, gwallawg = negligent, careless, loose, faulty, defective guallus, gwalus, gwallus = negligent, careless, heedless, slack, remiss |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | gwall [ɡwaɬ/ɡwa(ː)ɬ] = mistake, error, oversight, fault, wrong, deceit, lie, defect, negligence, faulty, evil, deficient gwallgof = madness, insanity, delirium, mad, insane gwallgofaf, gwallgofi = to go mad, become insane, be frenzied or frantic gwallog = negligent, careless, loose, faulty, defective gwallus [ˈɡwaɬɨ̞s/ˈɡwaɬɪs] = negligent, careless, heedless, slack, remiss |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | gwall = accident, defect, neglect gwallus = accidental gwaluster = casualty |
| Old Breton | guoael = bad, wrong |
| Middle Breton (Brezonec) | goall, goual, goal, gual(l) = bad, wrong |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | gwall [gwal] = bad, wrong, nasty, naughty gwallus = harmful gwallvrudañ = to defame gwallvruder = slanderer gwallvruderezh = deffamation, slandering gwallwir = concussion gwalladenn = rape |
Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)welh₁(bʰ)-,, from *wel- (to deceive) [source].
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic