Strawberries

Words for strawberries and related words, in Celtic languages.

Strawberries

Proto-Celtic *subhī = strawberries
Old Irish (Goídelc) sub = strawberry
sub craéb = raspberry
Irish (Gaeilge) [sˠuː] = (red) berry
sú craobh = raspberry
sú talún = strawberry
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) sùbh [suː] = berry, soft fruit
sùbh-craobh = raspberry
sùbh-craobh ruiteach = salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis)
sùbh-làir fiadhain = wild / Alpine strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
sùbh nam ban-sìthe = stone bramble (Rubus saxatilis)
sùbh-thalmhainn = strawberry
Manx (Gaelg) soo [suː] = berry
soo crouw = raspberry
soo thallooin = strawberry
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) yssyui / syui / syvi = strawberries
Welsh (Cymraeg) syfi(en) [ˈsəvi] = (wild) strawberries
syfi coch/gwyllt/bach = wild strawberries
syfi gardd = cultivated strawberries)
syfïa = to gather (wild) strawberries
Old Cornish syvyen = strawberry
Cornish (Kernewek) sevi(en) = strawberries
Old Breton s(u)iuy = strawberries
Middle Breton siuy = strawberries
Breton (Brezhoneg) sivi(enn) = strawberries
sivia = to pick strawberries
sivi-garzh = wild strawberries

Etmology: possibly from a non-Indo-European substrate [source]

Middle Welsh (Kymraec) ymevvs / mefys / mefvs / mevys = strawberries
Welsh (Cymraeg) mefus(en) [ˈmɛvɨ̞s / ˈmeːvɪs] = strawberries
mefus y goedwig / mefus y coed = wild strawberries

Etmology: from the Vulgar Latin majusa (“mayberry”), or from the Basque mart (blackberry, bramble), or from the Gaulish *majoþa [source]

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF)

Land, Parishes & Enclosures

Words for land, parish, enclosure in Celtic languages.

Llangwyfan church Eglwys Llangwyfan

Proto-Celtic *landā = (open) land
Gaulish landa = land
Old Irish (Goídelc) land, lann = building, house, land, plot, plate
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) land, lann = building, house, land, plot, plate
íarlann = pantry
ithlann, ithla = threshing floor, barn, granary, storehouse; garden, orchard
Irish (Gaeilge) lann = land, ground, plot, house, building (especially a church)
bialann = canteen, restaurant
leabharlann = library
longlann = dockyard
réadlann = observatory
saotharlann = laboratory
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) lann [l̪ˠaun̪ˠ ~ l̪ˠan̪ˠən] = enclosure, enclosed area, precinct; repository; house, church
amharc-lann = observatory
biadh-lann = canteen, dinning hall, refectory
broc-lann = badger’s den, sett
long-lann = dockyard
fasg-lann = shelter
lann-eaglaise = church precinct
leabhar-lann = library
obair-lann = laboratory
suin-lann = dormitory
ur-lann = esplanade, green
Manx (Gaelg) lann = enclosure, habitation
lhonglann = dockyard
lioarlann = library
seyrlann = laboratory
reayrtlann = observatory
Proto-Brythonic *llann [ˈl͈anː] = land, area, plot, sacred place, churchyard
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) lánn, lann, lan, llann = land
Welsh (Cymraeg) llan [ɬan] = (parish) church, monastery, heaven, churchyard
llan gadeiriol = cathedral
llan (y) gwyryfon = nunnery
llan y plwyf = parish chuch
llandref = village, small town, church village
llandy = parsonnage, glebe-house
llangeidwad = churchwarden
llanaidd = glade-like, open, clear; ecclesiastical, (of a) church
Cornish (Kernewek) lann [lan:] = yard
lannergh = glade
Middle Breton (Brezonec) lann = moor, heath, moorland
lanneg, lannek, lannell = land covered with moor
landonenn = swath
lann = monastery, church
Breton (Brezhoneg) lann = moor, heath, moorland
lanneg = land covered with moor

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (land, heath) [source].

Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish and Latin, include lande (moor, moorland, heath) in French, landa (a (sandy) plain) in Spanish, landa (country, field, piece of land) in Basque [source].

The (archaic) English word laund [lɔːnd] (a grassy plain or pasture, especially surround by woodland; a glade) possibly comes from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Middle English, Old French and Gaulish, or from the Proto-Germanic *landą (land), which comes from the same PIE root [Source].

Words from the same PIE roots include land in English, land (land, country) in Dutch, Land (country, state, province, land) in German, land (land, country, nation, state, ground, earth) in Swedish, land (country, land) in Danish, lado (uncultivated, wild land) in Czech, and ледина [ˈlɛdina] (untilled land) in Macedonian [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Gerlyvyr Cernewec, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Geriafurch, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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