Category: Proto-Indo-European

To Carry / Flow

By Simon

Words for to carry / flow in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic bereti = to carry
Old Irish (Goídelc) beirid [ˈbʲerʲiðʲ] = to carry
Irish (Gaeilge) beir [bʲɛɾʲ] = to bear, give birth, lay, bear away, bring, take (verb noun = béarfaidh)
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) beir [berʲ] = to take hold, bring forth, bear, produce (verb noun = breith)
Manx (Gaelg) behr = to bear (give birth to) (verb noun: brey)
Proto-Brythonic *bėrɨd [be̝ˈrɨːd] = to flow, carry
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) beru = to flow, drip; drizzle
Middle Breton beraff = to flow
Breton (Brezhoneg) berañ = to drip, drain, wring out; to flow, run

Afon Ogwen River

Etymology: possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti (to be carrying) [source].

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Dictionnaire Favereau

To Praise

By Simon

Words for to praise in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic molātor = to praise, laud
Old Irish (Goídelc) molaidir = to praise
Irish (Gaeilge) mol = to praise, commend, recommend, award (verb noun = moladh)
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) mol [mɔl̪ˠ] = to praise, extol, recommend, advise, exalt, magnify (verb noun = moladh)
Manx (Gaelg) moyl = to cheer (praise), bamboozle, recommend, compliment, commend, applaud, laud (verb noun = moylley)
Old Welsh molim = to praise
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) moli = to praise
Welsh (Cymraeg) moli = to praise, laud, eulogize, extol, magnify, honour, cheer
Middle Breton meuliff = to praise
Breton (Brezhoneg) meuliñ = to praise, flatter, stroke

Praise

Etymology: possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European *meldʰ- (praise) [source].

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Dictionnaire Favereau

To Choke

By Simon

Words for to choke in Celtic languages.

Old Irish (Goídelc) tachtad = to choke
Irish (Gaeilge) tacht = to choke, strangle, suffocate (verb noun = tachtadh)
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) tachd [taxɡ] = to choke, strangle, throttle, clog (verb noun = tachdadh)
Manx (Gaelg) toghtey = to foul, clog, choke, strangle, throttle, garrotte, jugulate
Welsh (Cymraeg) (ys)tagu = to choke, stifle, suffocate, strangle, throttle, cough
Cornish (Kernewek) taga [‘taga / ‘tægɐ] = to choke, clog, strangle, suffocate
Breton (Brezhoneg) tagañ = to strangle, choke, attack

Etymology: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *tak- (to be quiet) [source], the same root as the English word tacit [source].

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

Fire Angels

By Simon

Words for fire in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic *teɸnets = fire
Old Irish (Goídelc) teine [ˈtʲenʲe] = fire
Irish (Gaeilge) tine [ˈtʲɪnʲə] = fire, conflagration; incandescence, flame; luminosity, glow; flash; inflammation
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) teine [tʲenə] = fire, flame, conflagration
Manx (Gaelg) çhenney = elemental fire, lightning, rickets
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) tan [taːn] = fire
Welsh (Cymraeg) tân [taːn] = fire, conflagration, bonfire, flame, spark, light (for a cigarette), match; high temperature (from fever)
Cornish (Kernewek) tan [ta:n / tæ:n] = fire
Breton (Brezhoneg) tan [ˈtɑ̃ːn] = fire

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *tep- (to be warm) [source].

Old Irish (Goídelc) aingel [ˈaŋʲɡʲel] = angel
Irish (Gaeilge) aingeal [ˈæɲɟəl] = angel; fire, lighted coal
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) aingeal [ˈãĩŋʲgʲəl̪ˠ] = angel, messenger, fire, light, sunshine; brightness, light; signal fire, beacon; warmth
Manx (Gaelg) aile [ail] = fire
ainle = angel
Welsh (Cymraeg) angel [ˈaŋɛl] = angel
Cornish (Kernewek) eledh = angel
Breton (Brezhoneg) ael = angel

Etymology: from the Late Latin angelus (angel, messenger), from the Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos – messenger) [source].

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

Beltane

To Burn

By Simon

Words for to burn in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic *lāɸ-sk-ī- = to burn
Old Irish (Goídelc) loscim = burn
Irish (Gaeilge) loisc = to burn, fire, scorch, sear, sting – (verb noun = loscadh)
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) loisg [l̪ˠɔʃɡ̊ʲ] = to burn, inflame, consume, parch, singe; scorch, scald; fire (a gun) – (verb noun = losagadh)
Manx (Gaelg) losht = to burn, burn up, burn away, incinerate, cremate, fire, alight – (verb noun = lostey)
Welsh (Cymraeg) llosgi [ˈɬɔskɪ / ˈɬɔski] = to be on fire, blaze, be alight, be burnt or be fired, burn up, burn down, burn away; be inflamed, smart, sting, be sunburnt; be inflamed with anger, passion, etc
Cornish (Kernewek) leski [lɛski] = to burn
Old Breton lescsit = to burn
Breton (Brezhoneg) leskiñ / loskañ = to burn

Junior Jarl squad

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European lāp- (to burn, shine) [source].

Sources: Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

Wet

By Simon

Words for to wet in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic *wlikʷos = to wet
Old Irish (Goídelc) fliuch [fʲlʲiu̯x] = wet
Irish (Gaeilge) fliuch [fʲlʲʊx] = wet
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) fliuch [flux] = wet, watery, rainy, moist, damp, oozy, fluid, liquid
Manx (Gaelg) fliugh = wet, soggy, inclement, marshy, swampy, humid, dank, watery or waxy (of potatoes)
Proto-Brythonic *gwlɨb [ˈɡwlɨːb] = wet
Old Welsh gulip = wet
Middle Welsh (Kyrmaec) gulip / gwlyp = wet
Welsh (Cymraeg) gwlyb [ɡwlɨːb / ɡwliːb] = wet, moist, fluid, liquid; rainy; addicted to drink; drink, liquor, gravy
Cornish (Kernewek) glyb [glɪ:b] = moist, damp, wet
gleb [gle:b] = moist, damp, wet
Old Breton gulip = wet
Middle Breton gloeb / glueb = wet
Breton (Brezhoneg) gleb = wet, humid

Macro Mondays: Wet.

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *wleykʷ- (moist, to wet) [source].

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

To Wash

By Simon

Words for to wash in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic *nigyeti = to wash
Old Irish (Goídelc) nigid = to wash
Irish (Gaeilge) nigh [nʲɪɟ / n̠ʲiː] = to wash
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) nì [ɲiː] = to wash, cleanse, purify, bathe
Manx (Gaelg) niee = to wash, launder, bathe, pan, flush

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *neygʷ- (to wash) [source].

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary

Proto-Celtic *wolk- = wet, milk
Old Irish (Goídelc) folcaid = washes
Irish (Gaeilge) folc(tha) = to bathe, wash, lave; pour down, shed; dip, immerse, submerge
Welsh (Cymraeg) golchi [ˈɡɔlχɪ/ ˈɡɔlχi] = to wash, rinse; burnish; cleanse, purify; flow over or past; coat; beat, thump
Cornish (Kernewek) golhi [‘gɔlhi] = to wash, bathe
Breton (Brezhoneg) gwalc’hiñ = to wash

Mother Mom Sea Otter Holds Pup 7 of 9 Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris), female, marine mammal, with her baby pup

Sources: Wiktionary, teanglann.ie, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

To Sit

By Simon

Words for to sit in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic *sedo- = to sit
Irish (Gaeilge) suigh [sˠɪɟ / sˠiː] = to sit; set, let, rent; seat, place, locate, settle, arrange, fix, establish
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) suidh [suj] = to sit down; incubate, sit on eggs
Manx (Gaelg) soie = to sit, situate, mount, invest
Proto-Brythonic *estied = to sit
Old Welsh estid = to sit
Welsh (Cymraeg) eistedd [ˈei̯sdɛð / ˈei̯sdɛð] = to sit, be seated, kneel, exercise judicial authority, sit in judgement; be in session, rest, be still; fit well; occupy, be in possession (of land), settle, remain, dwell; incubate, brood
Old Cornish estid = to sit
Cornish (Kernewek) esedha [ɛ’zɛða / (ə)’zɛðɐ] = to sit, take a seat
Breton (Brezhoneg) sichañ = to sit, lie, be located; beseige, lay siege to

One of the doggie denizens of Gleann Cholm Cille

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *sed- (to sit) [source].

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

To Stand

By Simon

Words for to stand in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic *sista- = to stand
Celtiberian sistat = to stand
Old Irish (Gaídelc) sessam = standing (by/fast), defending, standing resisting, holding out, making a stand
Irish (Gaeilge) seas [ʃasˠ] = to stand, stop, stay, last, keep, remain valid, bear, endure, resist, withstand, stand up for, defend
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) seas [ʃes] = to stand, maintain, support, defend, continue, endure, stop, stand by
Manx (Gaelg) shass [ʃas] = to stand
Proto-Brythonic *stab- = to stand
Welsh (Cymraeg) sefyll [ˈsɛvɨ̞ɬ / ˈseːvɪɬ] = to stand, be standing or upright, be or remain on one’s feet; stand (up), get up; stand or tread (on); to be located, lie; to come to a halt, stand still, stop, come to end, cease, fail
Cornish (Kernewek) sevel [‘sɛvɛl / ‘zɛvɐl] = to stand, arise, get up, rise, halt, raise up, abstain from
Breton (Brezhoneg) sevel = to rise, lift, remove, draw, build, train, compose, sell, invent, push, repay

Polyglot Conference 2018

Note: the Brythonic words may not come from the same root as the Goidelic words.

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti (to be standing up, be getting up), from *steh₂- (to stand) [source].

The sist part of exist, resist, desist, consist, etc comes from the same root, via the Latin sisto (I stand, set, place, appear) [source]

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau

To Carry

By Simon

Words for to carry in Celtic languages.

Proto-Celtic *bereti = to carry
Old Irish (Gaídelc) beirid [ˈbʲerʲiðʲ] = to carry, bear, bring forth
Irish (Gaeilge) beir [bʲɛɾʲ] = to bear, give birth to; lay (eggs); bear away, win; bring, take; catch, overtake; proceed, advance
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) beir [berʲ] = to take hold; bring forth, bear, produce; carry
Manx (Gaelg) behr = to bear (give birth to)
Proto-Brythonic bėrɨd [be̝ˈrɨːd] = to flow, carry
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) beru = to flow
Welsh (Cymraeg) beru = to flow, drip; drizzle
Middle Breton beraff = to flow
Breton (Brezhoneg) berañ = to drip, flow

Scottish Highland Games 2010

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti (to be carrying) [source].

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Dictionnaire Favereau