A Shovelful of Spades

In this post we’re looking at words for shovel, spade, oar, and related things in Celtic languages.

spades

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *rāmyos = oar, spade, shovel
Old Irish (Goídelc) ráma = oar
ráïd = to row (with oars), sail, voyage
imm·rá = to row (about), navigate
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) rám(a), rámha = oar, spade
imm-rá, immará = to row (around), navigate, go
Irish (Gaeilge) rámh = oar
rámhach = oared
rámhaíocht = rowing, oarsmanship
rámhainn = spade, spade-length
rámhaí = oarsman
rámhaigh = to row
iomair = to row
iomróir = oarsman, rower
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) ràmh [r̪ˠaːv] = oar, paddle
ràmhach [r̪ˠãːvəx] = row(ing) boat, set of oars
ràmhachd [rˠ̪ãːvəxg] = (act of) rowing, oar-making
ràmhadh [r̪ˠaːvəɣ] = (act of) rowing
ràmhaiche, ràmhair [r̪ˠaːvɪçə / r̪ˠaːvɛrʲ] = oarsman, rower
iomair [imɪrʲ] = to row (a boat)
iomramhaiche [imərəvɪçə] = oarsman, rower
Manx (Gaelg) raue = rowing
raueder = rowing man
ymmyrt = oar, rowing, to row, to launch
ymmyrtagh = oarsman, rower, waterman, ferryman, rowing
reuyrey = to delve, dig (up), root, spade
Proto-Brythonic *rrọβ = shovel, spade
*rruɨβ̃ = oar
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) rau, raỽ, raw, rhaw = shovel, spade
rawyet, rhawieit = shoveful, spadeful
rwyf, rỽyf, rwyff = oar, paddle
rỽyuaỽ, rhwyfo = to row, travel (by sea), voyage, journey
rhwyfwr = oarsman, rower
Welsh (Cymraeg) rhaw [r̥aːu̯ / r̥au̯] = shovel, spade
rhaw(i)aid = shoveful, spadeful
rhawffon = spade, shovel, paddle
rhawiaf, rhawio, rhoddio, rhofio = to shovel, dig
rhawiwr = shoveller
rhwyf = oar, paddle
rhwyfadain, rhwyfaden = fin (of a fish), propeller
rhwyf(i)af, rhwyf(i)o = to row, travel (by sea), voyage, journey, agitate, shake, swing, wave
rhwyfwr = oarsman, rower, sailor, seaman, boatman, mariner
Old Cornish ruif = oar
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) ruif, rev = oar, ruler, king
ruifadur, revadar, ruivadur = rower, oarsman
Cornish (Kernewek) reuv = shovel
reuv arader = ploughshare
rev = oar
revya = to row, paddle
Middle Breton (Brezonec) reuf = spade
reuff, roeuff = oar
Breton (Brezhoneg) roev = spade
roeñv [rwẽʷ] = rowing, oar
roenvier, roevier = rower, oarsman

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (to row). Words from the same PIE root include row, rudder and Russia in English, roeien (to row [with oars]) and riem (oar, paddle) in Dutch, (to row, sail out to fish, rock backwards and forwards) in Icelandic, ro (to row, quickly hand over, pass) in Swedish, rame (oar, paddle) in French [source].

Etymology: the Brythonic words for oar come from Latin rēmus (oar), from Proto-Italic *rē(z)mos, from a PIE *h₁reh₁- (to row) [source].

Old Irish (Goídelc) slúasat = shovel
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) slúasat, slúasad = shovel, paddle, tooth
slúaistech = shovel-like
Irish (Gaeilge) sluasaid = shovel, shovelful
sluaisteáil = to shovel, gather in large quantities, scoop
sluaisteog = (small) shovelful
sluaisteoir = shoveller
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) sluasaid [sl̪uəsadʲ] = shovel, spade
sluaist [sl̪uəʃdʲ] = shovel, spade
sluaisreadh [sl̪uəʃrʲəɣ] = shovelling, water washing up and down a beach
Manx (Gaelg) sleayst = shovel
sleaystey = to shovel, scoop, mix; shovelling, mixing
sleaysteyder = shoveller, scooper

Etymology: unknown [source].

Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) fàl [faːl̪ˠ] = scythe
fàladair [faːl̪ˠədɪrʲ] = scyther, reaper, mower
fàlaireachd [faːl̪ˠədɪrʲəxg] = scything, mowing
fàlaid [faːl̪ˠadʲ] = scythe
Manx (Gaelg) faayl = turfcutter, turfspade
foll = scythe
folderagh = to cut with a scythe, mowing
Old Welsh (Kembraec) pelechi = cudgel, club, staff
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) pal, pál = spade, shovel
palach = cudgel, club, staff
Welsh (Cymraeg) pâl [paːl] = spade, shovel, dug soil, tilth, a digging,
palach = cudgel, club, staff
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) pal = spade, shove, mattock
Cornish (Kernewek) pal = spade
palas = to dig, excavate
Middle Breton (Brezonec) pal = shovel, spade
Breton (Brezhoneg) pal [pɑːl] = shovel, spade
palad [ˈpɑːlat] = shoveled
palat [ˈpɑːlat] = to dig
palerez [pa.ˈleː.res] = excavator

Etymology: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (to turn). Words from the same PIE root include collar, cult and wheel in English, and Hals (neck, throat) in German [source].

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Light Lungs

Words for light, lungs and related things in Celtic languages.

Feather

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *skamos = light (weight)
Old Irish (Goídelc) scam = lungs
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) scamán, scaman = lung
scoim, scaim = lungs
Irish (Gaeilge) scamhóg [sˠkəˈvˠoːɡ / ˈsˠkawoːɡ] = lung
scamhógach = pulmonary
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) sgamhan [sgavan] = lung
sgamhanach [sgavanəx] = pulmonary
Manx (Gaelg) scowan = lung
scowanagh = pulmonary, chesty, bronchial
Old Welsh (Kembraec) scamnhegint = to lighten
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) ysgaỽn, yscafyn, ysgavyn, ysgafyn, yscawin, ysgawn = light, quick, swift, nimble
yscafny = to lighten
escavynder, yscavnder = lightness, frivolity, levity
yscaunhav, ysgauynhav, ysgauynhau = to lighten
eskeueynt, (y)scheueyn, yscefeint, ysgyueint = lungs, lights (food)
Welsh (Cymraeg) ysgafn [ˈəsɡavn] = light, quick, swift, speedy, brisk, fleet, nimble, light-footed, mild, slight, cheap, easy, unimportant, trifling, soft (drink)
(y)sgafnaf, (y)sgafnu = to lighten, become giddy, brighten
ysgafnder = lightness, frivolity, levity
ysgafnhad = lightening, alleviation
ysgafnhau = to lighten
(y)sgyfaint, (y)sgyfain = lungs, lights (food), pulmonary disease, pneumonia
ysgyfeinaidd, ysgyfeiniol = pulmonary
Old Cornish sceuens = lungs
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) scaf, scâv, scâff, sc(h)aff, sgav = light in weight, nimble
scevens, sceuens, skephans = lungs, lights
Cornish (Kernewek) skav = agile, flimsy, light, nimble, quick, slight, swift
skavder = agility, quickness, speed
skafhe = to lighten
skevens = lungs
scowanagh = pulmonary
Old Breton (Brethonoc) scam = light, frivolous, alert
Middle Breton (Brezonec) scanff = light, frivolous, alert
scaffhat = to lighten, mitigate, attenuate
squeuent, squèuent = lungs
Breton (Brezhoneg) skañv [ˈskã(w)] = light, frivolous, alert
skañvaad [skã.ˈfɑːt / skã.ˈvɑːt] = to lighten, mitigate, attenuate
skañvbennadurezh = frivolity
skañvded [ˈskãː.det] = lightness
skevent [ˈskeː.vɛnt] = lungs, pulmonary

Etymology: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱem- [source].

Old Irish (Goídelc) étromm [ˈeːdrum] = light
étrommaigid = to lighten, alleviate
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) étromm, etrom, étrom = light, airy, buoyant, slight, trifling, unimportant
Irish (Gaeilge) éadrom [ˈiːa̯d̪ˠəɾˠəmˠ / ˈeːd̪ˠɾˠəmˠ] = light, not deep, weak, thin, sparse, frivolous, trivial, light-headed, free from care
éadromaigeanta = light of spirit, light-hearted
éadromaigh = to lighten
éadromán = lightened, air-filled, object, balloon, float, light-headed person
éadromántacht = light-headedness, frivolity
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) aotrom [ɯːdrəm] = light, light-hearted, trivial, frivolous
aotromachd [ɯːdrəməxg] = lightness, levity, buoyancy
aotromaich [ɯːdrəmɪç] = lighten, make ligter, alleviate
aotromas [ɯːdrəməs] = lightness
Manx (Gaelg) eddrym = light(weight), unsubstantial, slight, mild, feint, benign, weak, empty (headed), flighty, shallow, silly, vain, frivolous
eddrymaghey = to lighten, unburden, alleviate, ease
eddrymid = lightness, levity, giddiness, mildness, shallowness
eddrymys = lightness, levity

Etymology: from Old Irish é- (un-) and trom (heavy) [source]. More on words for heavy in Celtic languages.

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Acorns

Words for acorns and related things in Celtic languages.

Acorns

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *messus = acorn, tree fruit
Old Irish (Goídelc) mess [mʲes] = nuts and berries, mast (fruit of forest trees, esp. if fallen and used as fodder for pigs, etc)
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) mes(s) = tree fruit, mast
mes(s)ach = fruitful
Irish (Gaeilge) meas [mʲasˠ] = fruit of forest tree, mast, offspring (literary)
measach = fruitful
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) meas [mes] = fruit, mast
measraich [mɛsrɪç] = jam
measach [mesəx] = fruitful, fruity
measag [mesag] = small fruit
Manx (Gaelg) mess = fruit, issue
mess yn darragh = acorn
messoil = fruitful, fructiferous, plentiful, prolific, productive
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) mes = acorns, mast, glands, measles (in animals)
messyryt, mesyryd = (abundance of) mast, autumn
Welsh (Cymraeg) mes = acorns, mast, glands, measles (in animals
mes derw = oakmast, acorns
mes Iau = chestnuts
mesa = to gather acorns, feed pigs on acorns
mesaig = meal of acorns
mesog = abounding in acorns, acorn-bearing, glandular, glandulous
meswr = acorn gatherer
Old Cornish mesin, mesen = acorn
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) mesen = acorn
Cornish (Kernewek) mesen = acorn
mes = acorns
Old Breton (Brethonoc) mes = acorns, glands
Middle Breton (Brezonec) mez, mès, mes = acorns, glands
Breton (Brezhoneg) mezenn, mesenn = acron, gland
mez, mes [meːs] = acrons, glands
mesa = to look for acorns

Etmology: unknown, possibly from an non-Indo-European source [source].

Proto-Celtic *derkos = berry (?)
Old Irish (Goídelc) derc [dʲerk] = berry
dercu = acorn
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) derc = berry
dercu, derucc, dearca, dercain = acorn
dercnach = abounding in acorns
Irish (Gaeilge) dearc = berry (literary)
dearca = acorn
dearcán = acorn, (head of) thistle
dearcnach = abounding in acorns
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) dearc [dʲɛr̪ˠxg] = berry
dearc-dharaich = acorn
dearcach [dʲɛr̪ˠxgəx] = pertaining to or abounding in berries
dearcag [dʲɛr̪ˠxgag] = small berry, shinty ball
dearcnag [dʲɛr̪ˠxgnag] = blackberry, brambles

Etmology: from PIE *dʰreh₂ǵ-, or from *derḱ- (to see) [source].

Another word for acorn in Welsh is gwerbl, the origins of which are uncertain.

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Mixed & Confused

In this post we’re getting mixed up and confused about words for drunk and related things in Celtic languages.

Drunk cat 1

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *miskos = mixture, confusion
*miskati = to mix, confuse
*kom-miskos = mixture, confusion
*kommiskati = ?
Old Irish (Goídelc) mesc [mʲesk] = drunk, intoxicated
mescae [ˈmʲeskɘ] = drunkenness, intoxication
mescaid = to confuse
mesctha = confused, intoxicated
con·mesca [konˈmʲeska] = to mix together
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) mesc(c) = drunk, intoxicated, mixed, confused, muddled, confusion
mescae = drunkenness, intoxication, daze, bewilderment, excitment
mescaid = to mix, bewilder, confuse, confound
mesctha = confused, intoxicated, mixed, variegated
con-mesca = to mix together, conmingle, join, unite
Irish (Gaeilge) measc [mʲasˠk] = jumble, confusion, to mix (up), blend, stir
meascadh = (ad)mixture, confusion
meascán = mass, lump, mixture, jumble, muddle
meascthóir = mixer, stirrer
meisce [ˈmʲɛʃcɪ / ˈmʲɪʃcɪ] = drunkenness, intoxication, daze, bewilderment
ar meisce = drunk, intoxicated
meisceoir = drunkard
meisceoireacht = drunkenness, inebriety
meisciúil = intoxicating, drunken, addicted to drinking
cumaisc = to mix together, blend, combine, compound, cohabit
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) measg [mesg] = mix, stir, mingle
am measg [ə mesg] = amongst, among
measgach [mesgəx] = sociable, gregarious, promiscuous
measgachadh [mesgəxəɣ] = mixing, mixure, combining
measgadair = mixer
measgadh [mesgəɣ] = mixing, stirring, mingling, mixture
misg [miʃgʲ] = drunkenness, inebriation, insobriety
air misg = drunk
misgeach [miʃgʲəx] = heady, drunk, intoxicated
misgear [miʃgʲər] = drunkard, tippler
coimeasg [kɔiməsg] = combine, merge, blend, mix
coimeasgadh [kɔməsgəɣ] = combining, combination, merging, merger, blending
Manx (Gaelg) mastey = amid(st), among(st), mingled, within, mixture
mestey = compound, mixture, jumble; to confuse, mix, mingle, mash, shuffle, stir
mestey-vestey = concoction, melee, mix up
meshtey [ˈmeʃtə] = inebriety
er meshtey = drunk, inebriated, intoxicated
meshtallagh = drunk(ard), boozer, inebriate
meshtallaght = promiscuity, drunkenness
meshtallys, meshtelllys, meshtyrys = drunkenness, inebriation, intoxication
covestey = to mix, mingle, merge
covestit = mixed, mingled, blended
Proto-Brythonic *mɨsk = amid, amidst
*mɨskad [mɨˈsˑkaːd] = to blend, mix, confuse
*kɨm-mɨsk = mixed, confused (?)
*kummɨskad = to mingle, confuse, mix
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) mysc = mixing, mixture, confusion, mixed, confused
mysci, mysgi = turmoil, tumult
cymysc, kymysc, kymmysc, kymysg = mixed, mingled, blended, compound, mixture
cymyscu, kemescu, kymysgu, kymyscu = to mix, mixed, blend, compound
cymysced, cymmyscedd = mixture, compound, jumble
ymysg, ym mysc = among, between
Welsh (Cymraeg) mysg [mɨːsk / mɪsk] = mixing, mixture, confusion, mixed, confused, midst
mysgaf, mysgu = to undo, untie, unpick, unravel, disentangle, loosen, mix, mingle, jumble
mysgi = turmoil, tumult
cymysg [ˈkʰəmɨ̞sk / ˈkʰəmɪsk] = mixed, mingled, blended, compound, mixture
cymysgaf, cymysg(u) = to mix, mixed, blend, compound
ymysg = among, between, in the midst of
Old Cornish commisc = mixed
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) mysc, mŷsk = midst, middle
cemescys, kemeskis, kemeskys = mixture
cemyscy, kemyskys, cymyscys, kemyskis = to mingle, mix
Cornish (Kernewek) mysk, mesk = midst
myska, meska = to blend, involve, mingle
myskas, myskii = mongrel
kemmysk = mix
kemyska = to mix, jumble, mingle
kemyskans = mixture
kemyskedh = hybrid
kemyskell = mixer (machine)
Middle Breton (Brezonec) mesc = mixture, chaos, disorder
mescaff, meskaff = to mix, blend, stir
quemesq [mɛ(z)w] = mixed, complex, confusion
quemesq(a) = to mix, merge
Breton (Brezhoneg) mesk [mesk] = mixture, chaos, disorder
meskaj [ˈmes.kaʃ] = mixure
meskañ [ˈmeskã] = to mix, blend, stir
meskata [ˈmeskat:a] = mixer
kemmesk [mɛ(z)w] = mixed, complex, confusion
kemmeskad = composite
kemmeskañ = to mix, merge

Etymology: from PIE *miḱsḱéti (to mix), from *meyḱ- (to mix) [source].

Words from the same roots include mash, meddle, medley, melee, miscellaneous, mix and promiscuous in English, mêler (to mix, meddle in, get mixed up in, shuffle) in French, mischen (to mix, shuffle) in German, and miesić (to knead) in Polish [source].

For words for drunk and related things in Brythonic languages, see the Celtiadur post Honey Wine.

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Honey Wine

Words for mead, wine and related things in Celtic languages.

mead!

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *medu = mead, wine, alcoholic drink
*medwos = drunk
Celtiberian Mezu-kenos = personal name “mead-born”
Gaulish medu = mead
Medu-genos = personal name “mead-born”
Primitive Irish medu = mead
Primitive Irish *ᚋᚓᚇᚒ (*medu) = mead
ᚋᚓᚇᚇᚑᚌᚓᚅᚔ (meddogeni) = personal name “mead-born”
ᚋᚓᚇᚃᚃᚔ (medvvi) = personal name “meady”
Old Irish (Goídelc) mid [mʲið] = mead
medb = strong, intoxicating (liquor)
Medb = Maeve (personal name)
Midgen = personal name “mead-born”
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) mid, midh = mead
medb = strong, intoxicating (liquor)
Medb [mʲeðβ / mʲɛɣβ] = Maeve (personal name)
Irish (Gaeilge) meá [mʲæh / mʲa(h)] = mead
Méabh [mʲeːvˠ / mʲeːw / mʲeːwə] = Maeve (personal name)
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) meadh [mjɤɣ] = mead
meadhach = fuddled with mead, like mead, abounding in mead
Meadhbh [mjɤːv] = Maeve (personal name)
Manx (Gaelg) meddagh = mead-maker
Proto-Brythonic *með [mɛːð] = mead
Old Welsh (Kembraec) med = mead
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) met, med = mead
meddawt, meddavt, meddwdod = drunkenness, inebriation, intoxication
meddfaeth, metveith, meduaeth, medweith = nourished on mead, having feastedon mead, mead-feast
medgell, meddgell = mead-cellar, drink-cellar
met kirn, medgyrn, metgyrn, meddgyrn = mead-horn, drinking-horn
metv, medw, meddw = drunk
medwyt, medwi, meddwi [ˈmɛðwi] = to get drunk
Welsh (Cymraeg) medd [meːð] = mead
meddaidd = like mead, sweet
medd-dod, meddwdod = drunkenness, inebriation, intoxication
meddfaeth = luxurious, soft, gentle, delicate, pampered, effeminate
meddw [ˈmɛðu] = drunk, intoxicated, fuddled, tipsy
meddwi [ˈmɛðwi] = to be(come) drunk or tipsy, to be intoxicated or inebriated, to make drunky
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) medh, medu, meddou = mead
medhas = drunkenness, intoxication
medho = drunken, intoxicated
Cornish (Kernewek) medh = mead, hydromel
medhow = drunk, intoxicated
medhwenep = drunkenness, intoxication
medhwi = to intoxicate, make drunk
medhwynsi = drunkenness
Old Breton (Brethonoc) medot = mead
Middle Breton (Brezonec) mez = mead
Breton (Brezhoneg) mez [meː(s)] = mead
mezv [mɛ(z)w] = drunk, wobbly (furniture)
mezventi = alcoholism
mezvier = drunkard
mezvierezh = drunkenness
mezviñ [ˈmɛ(z)vĩ] = to get drunk
mezvus [ˈmɛ(z)vys] = intoxicating, heady

Etymology: from PIE *médʰu (honey, honey wine, mead), possibly related to Proto-Semitic *mataḳ- (sweet) [source].

Words from the same roots include mead in English, mead in English, mjöður (mead) in Icelandic, медведь [mʲɪdˈvʲetʲ] (bear, large clumsy person, lit. “honey eater”) in Russian, mesi (nectar) in Finnish, and possibly (mì / mitsu – honey) in Chinese and Japanese and (mil – beeswax, honey) in Korean [source].

Proto-Celtic *wīnom = wine
Leptonic 𐌖𐌉𐌍𐌏𐌌 (uinom) = wine
Old Irish (Goídelc) fín = wine
fín acat = vinegar
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) fín = wine
fínán = cheap wine
fínda = pertaining to wine
fínmar = having abundance of wine
fíntan = vineyard
Irish (Gaeilge) fíon [fʲiːn̪ˠ] = wine
fíonchaor = grape
fíoncheannaí = wine merchant, vintner
fíonda = vinous, pertaining to wine
fíondaite = wine-coloured
fíonghort [ˈfʲiːnˠˌɣɔɾˠtˠ] = vineyard
fíonmhar = rich in wine, vinous
fíonsaothrú = viticulture
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) fìon [fiən] = wine
fìon-chaor [fiən xɯːr] = grape
fìon-chrann = grapevine
fìon-fhoghar = wine harvest, vintage
fìon-geur = vinegar
fìon-lios = vineyard
fìonadair = wine-maker
Manx (Gaelg) feeyn = wine
feeyney = of wine, vinous
feeyneyder = wine-maker, vintner
feeyneydys = viticulture
berrish-feeyney = grape
feeyn geayr = vinegar
fouyr feeyney = vintage
garey feeyney = vineyard
Proto-Brythonic *gwin = wine
Old Welsh (Kembraec) guin = wine
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) gvin, guin, gwin = wine
gwinblas = mansion where wine is dispensed in abundance
gwindeveirn = wine-tavern
gwindy, gwin-dŷ = wine-house, wine-tavern, wine-cellar, banqueting house
guinegyr, gwinegyr = vinegar
guinlann, gwinllan(n) = vineyard, vine
Welsh (Cymraeg) gwin [ɡwiːn] = wine, fermented liquor made from the juice of fruits (apples, elderberries, rhubarb, gooseberries, etc), like wine, pleasant, sweet, fine, excellent
gwinbren = vine
gwindy = wine-house, wine-tavern, wine-cellar, banqueting house
gwinegr = vinegar
gwinllan = vineyard, vine, copse, grove, wood, plantation
gwinwr, gwinydd = vintner, vine-grower, vine-dresser, vineyard owner
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) gwin, guin = wine
gwinbren, guinbren = vine
Cornish (Kernewek) gwin [ɡwiːn] = wine
gwinbren = vine
gwinlan = vineyard
gwinyer = winemaker
Old Breton (Brethonoc) guin = wine
guiniin = vines
Middle Breton (Brezonec) guin, guyn = wine
guiny, guyni = vines
guynieyer = vineyard
Breton (Brezhoneg) gwin [ɡwĩːn / ɡɥĩːn] = wine
gwinegr [ɡwĩnˈɛk(r)] = vinegar
gwini [ˈɡɥĩːni] = vines
gwinieg [ɡɥĩ.ˈniː.ɛk] = vineyard
gwinier [ɡwĩ.ˈniː.ɛr / ɡɥĩ.ˈniː.ɛr] = winemaker
gwinioniezh [ɡɥĩ.nɔ̃ˈniː.ɛs] = oenology

Etymology: from Latin vīnum (wine, grapes, grapevine), from Proto-Italic *wīnom (wine), from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom (wine, vine). The Welsh and Cornish words come from Latin via Proto-Celtic, the Breton and Goidelic words were borrowed direct from Latin, and the Leptonic word comes direct from Proto-Italic [source].

Words from the same roots include wine, vine, vinegar and oenology (the scientific study of wines and winemaking) in English, wijn (wine) in Dutch, vino (wine) in Italian, wino (wine) in Polish, and possibly ወይን (wäyn – grape) in Amharic [source].

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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