Light Lungs

Words for light, lungs and related things in Celtic languages.

Feather

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *skamos = light (weight)
Old Irish (Goídelc) scam = lungs
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) scamán, scaman = lung
scoim, scaim = lungs
Irish (Gaeilge) scamhóg [sˠkəˈvˠoːɡ / ˈsˠkawoːɡ] = lung
scamhógach = pulmonary
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) sgamhan [sgavan] = lung
sgamhanach [sgavanəx] = pulmonary
Manx (Gaelg) scowan = lung
scowanagh = pulmonary, chesty, bronchial
Old Welsh (Kembraec) scamnhegint = to lighten
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) ysgaỽn, yscafyn, ysgavyn, ysgafyn, yscawin, ysgawn = light, quick, swift, nimble
yscafny = to lighten
escavynder, yscavnder = lightness, frivolity, levity
yscaunhav, ysgauynhav, ysgauynhau = to lighten
eskeueynt, (y)scheueyn, yscefeint, ysgyueint = lungs, lights (food)
Welsh (Cymraeg) ysgafn [ˈəsɡavn] = light, quick, swift, speedy, brisk, fleet, nimble, light-footed, mild, slight, cheap, easy, unimportant, trifling, soft (drink)
(y)sgafnaf, (y)sgafnu = to lighten, become giddy, brighten
ysgafnder = lightness, frivolity, levity
ysgafnhad = lightening, alleviation
ysgafnhau = to lighten
(y)sgyfaint, (y)sgyfain = lungs, lights (food), pulmonary disease, pneumonia
ysgyfeinaidd, ysgyfeiniol = pulmonary
Old Cornish sceuens = lungs
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) scaf, scâv, scâff, sc(h)aff, sgav = light in weight, nimble
scevens, sceuens, skephans = lungs, lights
Cornish (Kernewek) skav = agile, flimsy, light, nimble, quick, slight, swift
skavder = agility, quickness, speed
skafhe = to lighten
skevens = lungs
scowanagh = pulmonary
Old Breton (Brethonoc) scam = light, frivolous, alert
Middle Breton (Brezonec) scanff = light, frivolous, alert
scaffhat = to lighten, mitigate, attenuate
squeuent, squèuent = lungs
Breton (Brezhoneg) skañv [ˈskã(w)] = light, frivolous, alert
skañvaad [skã.ˈfɑːt / skã.ˈvɑːt] = to lighten, mitigate, attenuate
skañvbennadurezh = frivolity
skañvded [ˈskãː.det] = lightness
skevent [ˈskeː.vɛnt] = lungs, pulmonary

Etymology: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱem- [source].

Old Irish (Goídelc) étromm [ˈeːdrum] = light
étrommaigid = to lighten, alleviate
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) étromm, etrom, étrom = light, airy, buoyant, slight, trifling, unimportant
Irish (Gaeilge) éadrom [ˈiːa̯d̪ˠəɾˠəmˠ / ˈeːd̪ˠɾˠəmˠ] = light, not deep, weak, thin, sparse, frivolous, trivial, light-headed, free from care
éadromaigeanta = light of spirit, light-hearted
éadromaigh = to lighten
éadromán = lightened, air-filled, object, balloon, float, light-headed person
éadromántacht = light-headedness, frivolity
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) aotrom [ɯːdrəm] = light, light-hearted, trivial, frivolous
aotromachd [ɯːdrəməxg] = lightness, levity, buoyancy
aotromaich [ɯːdrəmɪç] = lighten, make ligter, alleviate
aotromas [ɯːdrəməs] = lightness
Manx (Gaelg) eddrym = light(weight), unsubstantial, slight, mild, feint, benign, weak, empty (headed), flighty, shallow, silly, vain, frivolous
eddrymaghey = to lighten, unburden, alleviate, ease
eddrymid = lightness, levity, giddiness, mildness, shallowness
eddrymys = lightness, levity

Etymology: from Old Irish é- (un-) and trom (heavy) [source]. More on words for heavy in Celtic languages.

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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