Ladles and Spoons

Ladles and Jellyspoons, or if you prefer, Ladies and Gentlemen, today we are look at words for spoon, ladle and related words in Celtic languages.

Welsh Love Spoon

Proto-Celtic *lēgā = spoon
Old Irish (Goídelc) líach [l͈ʲiːa̯x] = spoon, laddle
Irish (Gaeilge) liach [l̠ʲiəx] = laddle, ladleful, measure
liachlán = ladleful
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) liogh [l̪ʲɤɣ] = blade (of an oar, helicopter), vane (of a mill), ladle, hero
liogh ràimh = oar blade
Manx (Gaelg) lheegh = ladle
lheegh awree = soup ladle
Proto-Brythonic *lluɨɣ = spoon, scoop, ladle, trowel
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) llwy = spoon, ladle, trowel
Welsh (Cymraeg) llwy [ɬuːɨ̯] = spoon, ladle, scoop, trowel, spatula, bucket, float, paddle (of a water-wheel)
llwy de = teaspoon
llwy fwrdd = tablespoon
llwy gawl = soup spoon
llwy grochan, llwy droetir = ladle
llwy bren = wooden spoon
llwy serch = love-spoon
llwyaid = spoonful, shovelful
llwyar(n) = trowel, fire-shovel, slive, scoop, corer, spatula
llwyar(n)u = to spread and smooth with a trowel or shovel
llwyo = to spoon or ladle (out)
llwywr = spoon-maker
Old Cornish loe = spoon
Cornish (Kernewek) lo = spoon
lo balas = trowel
lo de = teaspoon
lo ledan = ladle
lo vras = tablespoon
Old Breton loi = spoon
Middle Breton loa = spoon
Breton (Brezhoneg) loa = spoon, striker, gouge, trowel, pliers
loa-dizourañ = slotted spoon
loa goad = wooden spoon
loa-gafe = teaspoon
loa-voued = soup spoon

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *leyǵʰ- (lick) [source]. The English word lick comes from the same PIE root via the Middle English likken (to lick), the Old English liccian (to lick), the Proto-West Germanic *likkōn (to lick), and the Proto-Germanic *likkōną (to lick) [source]

Irish (Gaeilge) spúnóg [sˠpˠuːˈn̪ˠoːɡ / ˈsˠpˠuːnˠaɡ] = spoon, spoonful
spúnóg tae / spúnóg bheag / taespúnóg = teaspoon
spúnóg mhór / spúnóg bhoird = tablespoon
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) spàin [sbaːn̪ʲ] = spoon, blade (of an oar)
spàin-bhùird = tablespoon
spàin-fhiodha = wooden spoon
spàin-teatha, spàin-tì = teaspoon
spàinach = like or pertaining to spoons
spàineag = small spoon, small spoonful
Manx (Gaelg) spein = spoon
spein ambee = dessert spoon
spein ooh = egg spoon

Etymology (Irish): from the English spoon, from the Middle English spo(u)ne/spo(o)n (spoon, chip of wood), from the Old English spōn (sliver, chip of wood, shaving), from the Proto-West Germanic *spānu (chip, shaving, spoon), from the Proto-Germanic *spēnuz (chip, flake, shaving), from the Proto-Indo-European *(s)peh₂- (chip, shaving, log, length of wood) [source].

Etymology (Scottish Gaelic and Manx): from the Old Norse spánn/spónn (chip, shaving, spoon), from the Proto-Germanic *spēnuz [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, logainm.ie, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Geriafurch, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Steps

Words for steps and related words in Celtic languages.

Medieval Estella.

Proto-Celtic *kanxsman = step, act of stepping
Gaulish *kamman = step
Old Irish (Goídelc) céimm [ˈkʲeːmʲ] = step; rank (in a hierarchy)
Irish (Gaeilge) céim [ceːmʲ] = step, degree, rank, pass, ravine, difficulty
céimnigh = to step, grade, graduate
céimniú = stepping, tread, grading, graduation
aischéim = backward step
ardchéim = high rank, dignity, higher degree
bunchéim = primary degree, positive (degree)
coiscéim = footstep, pace
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) ceum [kʲeːm] = step, footstep, pace, tread, path, degree, measure
cois-cheum = step, pace
ceum-coise = footstep, footpath
Manx (Gaelg) keim = phase, step, degree, stage, standard, stile, grade
keimagh = postgraduate
keimee = to graduate, promote
Proto-Brythonic *kamman = step
Old Welsh cemmein = step
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) cam, camm, kam = step
Welsh (Cymraeg) cam [kam] = step, stride, pace, leap, foot-fall, footprint, trace, progress
camu, camaf = to step over, take a stride, take strides, pace
camâd = stile
Cornish (Kernewek) kamm = pace, step, track
Middle Breton cam = step
Breton (Brezhoneg) kamm = pace, walk tread, (foot)step
kammed = step

Etymology: from the Proto-Celtic *kengeti (to step), from the Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (to limp, walk lamely) [source]

Words from the same Gaulish root (*kamman) include: cammīnus (way) in Latin, camino (track, path, road, way, route, journey) and caminar (to walk, stroll, travel) in Spanish, caminho (way, road, path) in Portugese, cammino (walk, path, way) and camminare (to walk, work (function)) in Italian, and chemin (path, way, pathway) in French [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, logainm.ie, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Geriafurch, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Heat

Words for heat, warmth and related things in Celtic languages.

Flaming torches

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *texstus = heat
Old Irish (Goídelc) tess = heat, warmth
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) tess, tes = heat, warmth, sultriness, fervour, zeal
aintes = excessive heat
tesbach, teasbhach = heat, warmth, sultriness, ardour, fury, illess, fever
tessach = feverish heat, fever
tessaide = hot, warm, sultry
tessaigid = to warm, heat
Irish (Gaeilge) teas [tʲasˠ/tʲæsˠ] = heat, hotness, warmth; warm clothing, warm place; degree of hotness; high temperature, feverishness; ardour, passion; hottest, highest, stage
teasach = feverish heat, fever
teasaí = hot, warm; ardent, passionate; hot feverish; hot-tempered, fiery
teasaíocht = heat, warmth; ardour, passion; feverishness; hot temper, fire
teasaire = heater
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) teas [tʲes] = heat, hotness; temperature; heating (in metallurgy)
teas-mheidh = thermometer
teasach = fever, restlessness (caused by heat), mo(u)lt; thermal
teasadair / teasraiche / teasachan = heater
Manx (Gaelg) çhiass = heat, warmth
çhiassveih = thermometer
çhiasseyder = radiator, heater, warmer
çhiassid = hotness, temperature
çhiassagh = febrile, feverish
Proto-Brythonic tes = heat, warmth
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) tes = heat, warmth
Welsh (Cymraeg) tes [teːs] = heat (of the sun), warmth, (period of) warm weather, sunshine, (heat) haze, mist
cynes [ˈkənɛs] = warm (from cyn (co-) and tes)
tesaint = passion, zeal; heat, warmth
teser = (heat) haze
tesiad = a warming
tesio, tesiaf = to shine (of the sun)
tesog = hot, sunny, close sultry
Old Cornish tes = heat
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) tes = heat, warmth
Cornish (Kernewek) tes = heat
tesa = to heat
tesek = hot
tesel = thermal
Old Breton tes = heat
Middle Breton (Brezhonec) tez, tès = heat
Breton (Brezhoneg) tes = heat

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *tep- (to be warm, to be hot) [source]. Celtic words from fire come from the same PIE root via the Proto-Celtic *teɸnets (fire) [source]

The English word tepid comes from the same PIE root [source].

Proto-Celtic *teɸents = heat
Old Irish (Goídelc) té, tee [tʲeː] = hot, warm; lustful, wanton; comfortable, sheltered; fervent; fierce, keen
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) té, te = warm, hot, comfortable, sheltered, fervent, fierce, keen, bold
Irish (Gaeilge) te [tʲɛ] = hot, warm; pungent; ardent, hot-tempered, vehement, hotfoot; affectionate, comfortable
teobhlasta = hot (spicy)
teochroí = warm-heartedness, warmth, affection
teochroíoch = warm-hearted
teocht = warmth, heat, temperature
teofholach = warm-blooded
alathe = lukewarm
téamh = heating, warming, distillation
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) teth [tʲeh] = hot
ain-teth = scorching, exceedingly hot, ardent, vehement, eager, inflamed
Manx (Gaelg) çheh = fevered, fervent, heated, hot, impassioned, passion, sexually precocious, thermal, warm
çhiow = to warm up, warm, warming up, inclined, yearned, heat,warmed

Etymology from the Proto-Indo-European *tep- (to be warm) [source].

Proto-Celtic *gʷrensos, *gʷrīnnso- = heat
Old Irish (Goídelc) grís = heat (of the sun), fire, embers
Middle Irish (Goídelc) grís, gríss = heat, fire, embers, hot ashes; glow, ardour, valour, passion
Irish (Gaeilge) gríos [ɡɾʲɪsˠ] = hot ashes, embers; heat, glow, ardour; rash, blotches (on skin)
gríosach = glowing
gríosóg = spark from embers, inflamed spot, rash
gríosóir = inciter, agitator
gríostaitneamh = burning, rosy, glow
gríosú = inflammation, incitement, stimulation
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) grìos [grʲiːs] = begging, entreaty; heat, embers, redness, inflammation, provocation
grìosad [grʲiəsəd] = begging, beseeching, entreating, cursing, swearing, stirring up a fire, provoking
Manx (Gaelg) gree [ɡriː] = heat
greeshagh = arouse (passions), arousing, vibrant, ember
greeshaghey = to aggravate, chivvy, set on, whip up, arouse (passions)
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) gwres, ywres, gỼres = heat, warmth
guressaei = to heat, warm
guressauc, gwressawc = hot, very warm
gwresoca, gwresogi = to make warm or hot
Welsh (Cymraeg) gwres [ɡwreːs] = heat, warmth, hot weather, feverishness, itching; intensity (of feeling), passion, lust, vehemence, ardour, fervour, zeal, enthusiasm
gwresâf, gwresáu = to heat, warm
gwresio, gwresu = to become heated, heat, generate heat, emit warmth
gwresog = hot, very warm, summery, heat-giving, calorific
gwresogi = to make warm or hot, provide warmth, heat
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) gwres = heat
Middle Breton (Brezhonec) groès, groës = heat
Breton (Brezhoneg) gwrez = heat, temperature, ardent, fervent, blazing
gwrezus = calorific
gwrezverk = temperature

Etymology possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (warm, hot) [source]. English words from the same PIE root include furnace, gore, thermal and warm [source].

Proto-Celtic *teɸesmis/*tefesmi- = heat
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) tui, tvymyn, tỼym, twym [tuːɨ̯m/tʊi̯m] = warm, (quite) hot, infectious, fervent, intense, passionate, heated, unpleasant, dangerous, heat, fever
twymna, tỼymaỼ, twymo = to make/become warm or hot
twymder = warmness, warmth, hotness, heat
twymyn = fever
Welsh (Cymraeg) twym [tuːɨ̯m/tʊi̯m] = warm, (quite) hot, infectious, fervent, intense, passionate, heated, unpleasant, dangerous, heat, fever
twym(n)af, twym(n)o = to make/become warm or hot, to warm, to heat, to ferment
twymder = warmness, warmth, hotness, heat
twym(n)wr, twymydd = person or thing that warms, heater
twymyn = fever, warm drink
Old Cornish toim, tum = hot, warm, heated
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) tom = hot, warm
tomder = heat, warmth
tomma = to make warm, to warm
tubm = hot, burning
tubma = to make hot, to heat, to warm
Cornish (Kernewek) tomm, tobm = hot, warm
tomm y wos, tobm y woos = hot-blooded
tomma, tobma = to warm, become warm
tommhe, tobmhe = heat, warm
tommheans, tobmheans = heating
tommheans ollvysel, tobmheans ollvesel = global warming
Middle Breton (Brezonec) tomm, toem, tuem = hot, warm, heat
toemaff, tomaff = to heat, to warm up
toemder, tomder = heat
Breton (Brezhoneg) tomm [tɔmː] = hot, warm
tommañ = to heat, to warm up, to be fond of, to become attached to
tommder = heat
tommerez = stove
tommerezh = boiler room

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *tep- (to be warm, to be hot) [source]. Words for fire in Celtic languages come from the same root.

Proto-Celtic *brutus = fermentation, boiling heat
Old Irish (Goídelc) bruth [bruθ] = boiling, fury, glow, heat, rage, vehemence
Middle Irish (Goídelc) bruth = (boiling) heat, blaze, glow, anger, fury, excitement, fervour, valour
bruthach = fiery, furious, vigorous
bruthmar = fiery, raging, furious, ardent
Irish (Gaeilge) bruth [bˠɾˠʊ(h)] = heat, rash, eruption, nap, pile, covering, surf
bruthach = hot, fiery, napped, fluffy
bruthaire = cooker
bruthán = (slight) rash
brufar = ardent, fiery, lively
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) bruth [bruhθ] = hotness (of skin), hot and confined space, red-hot object, heat, fire
bruthainn [bruhɪn̪ʲ] = sultriness, sultry heat
bruthairneach [bruhər̪n̪ʲəx] = muggy, sultry, sweltry
bruich = to cook, boil
Manx (Gaelg) brooan = rash, eruption, skin disorder
Old Welsh brut = hot, warm
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) brytt, brwt, brwd = hot, warm, heat
brytio = to heat, warm, boil
Welsh (Cymraeg) brwd [bruːd] = hot, warm. heated, ardent, boiled, fervent, zealous, heat, brew(ing),
brwdfrydu = to enthuse, speak or feel with fervour
brwdfrydedd = zeal, enthusiasm, fervour, fanaticism
brwdfrydig = zealous, enthusiastic, fervent, ardent
brwdias = hot, heated, fiery, parboiling
brydio = to heat, warm, boil
Old Cornish bredion = to boil
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) bredion, bridzhen = to boil
Cornish (Kernewek) bryjyon = to boil
bryjys = boiled
Old Breton brot = ember
Middle Breton (Brezonec) broud = ember, excitement
Breton (Brezhoneg) broud [bruːt] = ember, excitement
broudañ [bruˈdɑːdɛn] = to burn, scald
broudus [ˈbruːdys] = stimulant

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (to boil, brew), from *bʰer- (to boil) [source]. Words for the same roots include bread, brew, broth, burn and fervor in English [source].

Proto-Celtic *kʷoxtos = cooked, hot
Proto-Brythonic *poɨθ [ˈpoɨ̯θ] = cooked, hot
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) poeth = hot, burning
poethi = to heat, warm, burn, scorch, roast
Welsh (Cymraeg) poeth [poːɨ̯θ/pɔi̯θ] = hot, burning, fervent, intense, lustful, roast, cooked
poethaf, poethi = to heat, warm, burn, scorch, roast
poethder = heat, hotness, burning, inflammation, ardour, zeal, fervour
poethineb = passion, ardour, zeal, hot-headedness
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) poth = hot
Cornish (Kernewek) pooth = hot, scorching
potha = to heat, scorch
Middle Breton (Brezonec) poaz = cooked, grilled, burning
poazat, poazet = to cook, bake
Breton (Brezhoneg) poazh [bruːt] = cooked, burned, burning
poazhadur = cooking, baking, roasting
poazhañ = cooking, baking, roasting
poazhat = cooked
poazherez = cooker

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *pokʷ-tó-s from *pekʷ- (to cook, ripen) [source]. Words for the same roots include apricot, biscuit, cook, cuisine and kitchen in English [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

Thunder

Words for thunder and related words in Celtic languages.

Thunder

Proto-Celtic *toranos = thunder
Gaulish *taranus = thunder
Tanaris / *Toranos / *Tonaros / *Tanaros = Celtic god of thunder.
Old Irish (Goídelc) torann = thunder
Irish (Gaeilge) torann [ˈt̪ˠɔɾˠən̪ˠ/ˈt̪ˠʌɾˠən̪ˠ] = noise, thunder, (tumult of) battle
toirneach [ˈt̪ˠoːɾˠn̠ʲəx/ˈt̪ˠaːɾˠn̠ʲa(x)] = thunder, thunderclap
toirniúil = thundery, thundering, noisy
torannach / toranda = noisy
torannáil = (act of) making noise, rumbling
marbhthoirneach = subdued, distant thunder
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) torrann [tɔr̪ˠən̪ˠ] = loud murmur, rumble, thunder
torrunn [tɔr̪ˠən̪ˠ] = loud murmur, rumble, thunder
toireann [tɤrʲən̪ˠ] = thunder
tàirneach [taːr̪ˠn̪ʲəx] = thunder
tàirneanach [taːr̪ˠn̪ʲənəx] = thunder
torrann-sgòth = thundercloud
mòthar an tàirneanaich = the roar of thunder
Manx (Gaelg) taarnagh / taarnaghey = thunder, thundering
rooit haarnee = thunder-clap
bodjal taarnee = thunder cloud
frass taarnee = thunder shower
Proto-Brythonic *taran = thunder
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) taran = (peal of) thunder, thunderclap
Welsh (Cymraeg) taran [ˈtaran/ˈtaːran] = thunder, thunderclap, thunderbolt
taranau = thunder
taranu = to thunder, roar, fulminate, vociferate, cause/give forth thunder
taran(i)ad = thundering, clap of thunder, roar, loud noise like thunder
mellt a tharanau = thunder and lightning
Old Cornish taran = thunder
Cornish (Kernewek) taran = thunder
tarenna, taredna = to thunder
taran sonek = sonic boom
tardh taran = thunderclap
Old Breton taran = thunder
Breton (Brezhoneg) taran = thunder, thundering, flashes, growls, grumbling

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (to thunder) [source].

Words for thunder in Germanic languages come from the same PIE root, via the Proto-Germanic *þunraz (thunder, Germanic deity), including thunder in English, donder in Dutch, Donner in German, and torden in Norwegian, and also the Old Norse Þórr (Thor – god of thunder), from whom we get the word Thursday [source].

The English word tornado comes from the same PIE root, via the Spanish tronada (thunderstorm), from tronar (to thunder), from the Latin tonō (to thunder), from which we also get words for thunder in Romance languages [source].

The name of the River Tanaro in northwestern Italy comes from the Latin Tanarus, from the Gaulish *Tanaros [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, logainm.ie, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Geriafurch, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Grace and Favour

Words for grace, virtue and related words in Celtic languages.

Words for grace and virtue in Celtic languages

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *ɸratom = grace, virtue, good fortune
Old Irish (Goídelc) rath = gift, goods, grace, luck, property, prosperity
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) rath(a) = grace, virtue, gift, good luck, fortune, prosperity
Irish (Gaeilge) rath [ɾˠɑh/ɾˠa/ɾˠah] = bestowal, grant, grace, favour, gift, bounty; prosperity; abundance; usefulness, good
rathaigh = to prosper, succeed, thrive, make successful
rathúil = prosperous, successful, thriving; fortunate, lucky
rathúlacht = prosperousness, successfulness
rathúnas = prosperity, plenty, abundance
rathúnasach = prosperous, abundant
anrath = ill-luck
anrathach = unlucky
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) rath [r̪ˠa] = good fortune/luck, prosperity, success
rathadach = fortunate, auspicious, prosperous
rathmhor = fortunate, auspicious, prosperous
rathach = fortunate, auspicious, prosperous
droch-rath = back luck/fortune
Manx (Gaelg) raah, rah = good luck, prosperity, well-doing
raah mie = prosperity
ard-raah = zenith of prosperity
gyn raah = unsuccessful
cur rah er = to prosper
Old Welsh rat = grace, blessing, favour,
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) rat, rad = grace, blessing, favour,
Welsh (Cymraeg) rhad [r̥aːd] = grace, blessing, favour, generosity, bounty, goodness, graciousness, talent, gift; cheap, free, unpaid, valueless, poor, inferior, gracious, giving, generous
rhad ac am ddim = free (of charge), without cost, unpaid
rhad Duw = the grace of God, God’s blessing
rhad fel baw / rhad mochyn = dirt cheap
yn rhad = as a gift, free (of charge), unpaid, cheaply, freely, unrestrained
rhadaf, rhadu = to bestow grace upon, bless, give generously, to make cheap
rhadineb = grace, graciousness
rhadwr = generous man
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) ras, râs, = grace, thanks, worth, value, excellence
mêr râs = thank you, much thanks
rasow = graces, excellencies
Cornish (Kernewek) ras = virtue
meur ras = thank you
rasek = graceful
diras = graceless
Old Breton rad = thought, reflection
Breton (Brezhoneg) rat = thought, reflection

Etymology: from the Proto-Celtic *ɸar-/*ɸarnati (to bestow), from the Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (bestow, give) [source].

Words from the same PIE roots include pare (to remove the outer covering or skin of something with a cutting device) in English, paràre (to adorn, protect, shield) in Italian, parar (to stop, put up, lift, raise) in Spanish, and parod (ready, prepared) in Welsh [source].

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Parts and Portions

Words for part, portion, piece, thing and related words in Celtic languages.

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Puzzle pieces

Proto-Celtic *rannā = part
Old Irish (Goídelc) rann = part (of a whole)
randatu = the property of belonging to a part of speech
rannaid = to divide (into parts), to apportion
ranngabáil = participle
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) rann, rand, ran, rán = part, lot, portion, faction, alliance
Irish (Gaeilge) rann [ɾˠanˠ] = part, side (in dispute), partition
rannach = apportioning, sharing, open-handed
rannadóir = divider, sharer
rannán = division
rannóg = section
rannpháirt = participation, part, share
roinn = share, portion, distribution, dealing, trading, division
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) rann [r̪ˠaun̪ˠ] = stanza, quatrain, verse, bond, deed, division, part, portion, section
rann-phàirt = participation, portion, participle
roinn [r̪ˠɤin̪ʲ / r̪ˠɤn̪ʲə] = dividing, partitioning, section, share, allotment, partition, department, division
roinneadair = divider, divisor, sorter
Manx (Gaelg) rheynn = divide, classify, distribute, dispense, share
fo-rheynn = section
so-rheynn = divisible
Proto-Brythonic *rrann = part
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) rann = part
Welsh (Cymraeg) rhan [r̥an] = part (of something), portion, division, element, constituent, component
rhanadwy = divisible, dividend
rhanedig = shared (out), divided, parted, split, separate
rhannu = to divide, separate, part, divide
Old Cornish radn = part, portion
Cornish (Kernewek) radn = lot, part, portion, role, share
ranna = to share
Middle Breton (Brezonec) rannaff = to share, separate, divide, pronounce, split
Breton (Brezhoneg) rann [rãnː] = part, fraction, division, slot
rannañ [ˈrã.nːã] = to share, separate, divide, pronounce, split
ranned [ˈrã.nːet] = dividend
ranngalon [ʁɑ̃nˈɡɑːlɔ̃n] = deep sorrow, desolation, heartbreak
rann

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *per- (to sell) [source], which is also the root of such English words as depart, jeopardy, parcel, part, partition and portion [source].

Proto-Celtic *kʷezdis = piece, portion
Old Irish (Goídelc) cuit [kudʲ] = part, portion, share
cuit adaill, cuit adíll = a passing visit, a brief visit
cuitigid = to share, partake
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) cuit = share, part, portion
cuit(gi)d = to share, partake, participate
Irish (Gaeilge) cuid [kɪdʲ] = part (of whole), share, portion, some,
cuideach = wealthy, prosperous
cuideachta = company, companionship, social amusement, fun
cuideachtaigh = to bring together, associate
cuideachtúil = companionable, sociable
cuideachtúlacht = sociableness
cuidí = component
cuidigh = to share, help, requite, repay (usually for misdeed), do for, do away with
cuiditheoir = helper, supporter, seconder
cuidiú = to help, assistance
cuidiúil = helpful, cocky, conceited
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) cuid [kudʲ] = portion, share, allotment, ration, effects, means, belongings, some (people), accommodation, victuals
cuid-eigin [kudʲegʲɪn] = someone, somebody
cuideachail [kudʲəxal] = helpful, constructive, subsidiary
cuideachair [kudʲəxɛrʲ] = auxiliary, helper
cuideachas [kudʲəxəs] = help, suppprt
cuideachd [kudʲəxg] = company, society, throng, troop; also, too, jointly, together
cuideachdadh [kudʲəxgəɣ] = accompanying
cuideag [kudʲag] = small portion / share
Manx (Gaelg) cooid = certain, some, stuff, assets, goods, helping, means, part, possessions, proportion, resources
cooidjagh = accompanying, jointly, together, inclusive
cooidjaghtagh = companion, companionable
Gaulish *pettiā, = (?)
Pictish *ᚚᚔᚈ (pit) = (a parcel of) land, a portion (?) – found in placenames like Pitlochry
Proto-Brythonic *peθ = part
Old Welsh (Kembraec) ped = thing, object
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) peth = thing, object
Welsh (Cymraeg) peth [peːθ] = thing, object, material, suff, substance, device, instrument, personal possessions, belongings, tools, equipment, something, anything
peth(eu)ach = (unimportant) things, trifles
pethdod = thingness, thinghood, reality, substantiality
petheiddio = to reify, make real or concrete
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) peth, pêth, peyth, pŷth = thing, something, article
pethow = things, riches, wealth
Cornish (Kernewek) pyth, peth [pɪːθ / pɛθ] = commodity, material, matter, possession, property, thing, that which, what, appliance
pyth ha da, peth ha da = possessions
pythek, pethek = concrete
pythow, pethow = belongings, wealth
Middle Breton (Brezonec) pez, pezz = piece, bit, part
Breton (Brezhoneg) pezh [peːs] = piece, bit, room, part, what
pezhiad = (big) piece, piece (of)
pezhig = (an) ugly piece

Etymology: unknown, possibly borrowed from a non-Indo-European substrate source [source]. Words from the same roots via Gaulish *pettyā and Latin pettia (piece, portion), include piece in English, pièce (room, patch, piece, play, document) in French, peza (piece, fragment, part) in Galician, pieze (piece, part) in Spanish, biisi (song) in Finnish, and ピース (pīsu – piece) in Japanese [source].

Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) písa, pissa = piece, fragment, coin
Irish (Gaeilge) piosa [ˈpʲiːsˠə] = piece, bit, patch, piece-work, literary or musical composition, coin
piosaáil = to piece together, patch
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) pìos [piːs] = bit, piece, sandwich, piece, (musical) composition, hunk (person)
pìosach [piːsəx] = in pieces / fragments
pìosail [piːsal] = sexy, attractive
pìosan [piːsan] = small piece / bit
Manx (Gaelg) peesh = bit, cutting, patch, piece, length (of thread), parcel
Cornish (Kernewek) pis = piece

Etymology: from Middle English pece (piece, morsel, bit), from Anglo-Norman piece (piece, bit, part), from Late Latin petttia (piece, portion), from Gaulish *pettyā, from Proto-Celtic *kʷezdis (piece, portion) – see above [source].

Proto-Celtic *darnos, *darnā = piece, part
Old Irish (Goídelc) drécht [dʲrʲeːxt] = portion, part
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) drecht, drécht = part, portion, section; poem, literary composition
dréchtach = numerous; skilled in song or poetry
dréchtfaid = to divide up
Irish (Gaeilge) dréacht [dʲɾʲeːxt̪ˠ]= part, portion, draft, detachment, number; (literary) piece, composition; draft
dréachtach = composer, poet; skilled in/diligent at compostion
dréachtaigh = to draft
dréachtín = versicle, stanza
dréachtóir = drafter, draughtsman (of documents)
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) dreachd [drɛxg] = draft
dreachd-aithisge = draft report
dreachd-dhealbh = working drawing
Manx (Gaelg) draght, dreaght = draft
draghtey = to draw up
dreaght feeleeaght = a piece of poetry
Gaulish *darnā = piece
Proto-Brythonic *darn = piece (?)
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) darn = piece, fragment, part
darnaw, darnio, darnu = to break or tear in pieces
Welsh (Cymraeg) darn [darn] = piece, fragment, part, coin, passage
darn(i), darnu = to break or tear in pieces
darn(i)edig = broken or torn to pieces
darniog = broken, shattered, fragmentary
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) darn = fragment, piece
pethow = things, riches, wealth
Cornish (Kernewek) darn = bit, fragment, part, piece
darnas = portion
Middle Breton (Brezonec) darn = fragment, part
darnaou = broken, very tired
darnaouet = torn to pieces, very tired, bored
Breton (Brezhoneg) darn [peːs] = fragment, part, some
darnan, darnañ = to fragment, chip, shorten
darnaou = broken, very tired
darnaouin = to break
darnek = partial

Etymology: from PIE *der- (to split, separate, tear, crack, shatter). The French word darne (steak, fillet) was borrowed from Breton darn (fragment, part, some). Words from the same PIE root include dermal, tear and tier in English, and tirar (to throw) in Spanish, zehren (to live on, feed on, undermine, wear out) in German, and драть [dratʲ] (to tear to pieces) in Russian [source].

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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