Words for heat, warmth and related words in Celtic languages.
| Proto-Celtic | *texstus = heat |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | tess = heat, warmth |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | teas [tʲasˠ/tʲæsˠ] = heat, hotness, warmth; warm clothing, warm place; degree of hotness; high temperature, feverishness; ardour, passion; hottest, highest, stage teasach = feverish heat, fever teasaí = hot, warm; ardent, passionate; hot feverish; hot-tempered, fiery teasaíocht = heat, warmth; ardour, passion; feverishness; hot temper, fire teasaire = heater |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | teas [tʲes] = heat, hotness; temperature; heating (in metallurgy) teas-mheidh = thermometer teasach = fever, restlessness (caused by heat), mo(u)lt; thermal teasadair / teasraiche / teasachan = heater |
| Manx (Gaelg) | çhiass = heat, warmth çhiassveih = thermometer çhiasseyder = radiator, heater, warmer çhiassid = hotness, temperature çhiassagh = febrile, feverish |
| Proto-Brythonic | tes = heat, warmth |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | tes = heat, warmth |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | tes [teːs] = heat (of the sun), warmth, (period of) warm weather, sunshine, (heat) haze, mist cynes [ˈkənɛs] = warm (from cyn (co-) and tes) tesaint = passion, zeal; heat, warmth teser = (heat) haze tesiad = a warming tesio, tesiaf = to shine (of the sun) tesog = hot, sunny, close sultry |
| Old Cornish | tes = heat |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | tes = heat tesa = to heat tesek = hot tesel = thermal |
| Old Breton | tes = heat |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | tes = heat |
Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *tep- (to be warm, to be hot) [source]. Celtic words from fire come from the same PIE root via the Proto-Celtic *teɸnets (fire) [source]
The English word tepid comes from the same PIE root [source].
| Proto-Celtic | *teɸents = heat |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | té, tee [tʲeː] = hot, warm; lustful, wanton; comfortable, sheltered; fervent; fierce, keen |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | te [tʲɛ] = hot, warm; pungent; ardent, hot-tempered, vehement, hotfoot; affectionate, comfortable teobhlasta = hot (spicy) teochroí = warm-heartedness, warmth, affection strong>teochroíoch= warm-hearted strong>teocht = warmth, heat, temperature strong>teofholach= warm-blooded alathe = lukewarm téamh = heating, warming, distillation |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | teth [tʲeh] = hot ain-teth = scorching, exceedingly hot, ardent, vehement, eager, inflamed |
| Manx (Gaelg) | çheh = fevered, fervent, heated, hot, impassioned, passion, sexually precocious, thermal, warm çhiow = to warm up, warm, warming up, inclined, yearned, heat,warmed |
Etymology from the Proto-Indo-European *tep- (to be warm) [source].
| Proto-Celtic | *gʷrensos, *gʷrīnnso- = heat |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | grís = heat (of the sun), fire, embers |
| Middle Irish (Goídelc) | grís, gríss = heat, fire, embers, hot ashes; glow, ardour, valour, passion |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | gríos [ɡɾʲɪsˠ] = hot ashes, embers; heat, glow, ardour; rash, blotches (on skin) gríosach = glowing gríosóg = spark from embers, inflamed spot, rash gríosóir = inciter, agitator gríostaitneamh = burning, rosy, glow gríosú = inflammation, incitement, stimulation |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | grìos [grʲiːs] = begging, entreaty; heat, embers, redness, inflammation, provocation grìosad [grʲiəsəd] = begging, beseeching, entreating, cursing, swearing, stirring up a fire, provoking |
| Manx (Gaelg) | gree [ɡriː] = heat greeshagh = arouse (passions), arousing, vibrant, ember greeshaghey = to aggravate, chivvy, set on, whip up, arouse (passions) |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | gwres [ɡwreːs] = heat, warmth, hot weather, feverishness, itching; intensity (of feeling), passion, lust, vehemence, ardour, fervour, zeal, enthusiasm gwresâf, gwresáu = to heat, warm gwresio, gwresu = to become heated, heat, generate heat, emit warmth gwresog = hot, very warm, summery, heat-giving, calorific gwresogi = to make warm or hot, provide warmth, heat |
| Middle Cornish | gwres = heat |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | gwrez = heat, temperature, ardent, fervent, blazing gwrezus = calorific gwrezverk = temperature |
Etymology possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (warm, hot) [source].
English words from the same PIE root include furnace, gore, thermal and warm [source].
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Gerlyvyr Cernewec, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Geriafurch, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic
