Meaty Flesh

Today we’re looking at the words for meat, flesh, breast and related things in Celtic languages.

MEAT

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *kīkos = breast
Primitive Irish ᚉᚉᚔᚉᚐ (ccica-) = breast
ᚉᚉᚔᚉᚐᚋᚔᚅᚔ (ccicamini) = male given name
Old Irish (Goídelc) cích [kʲiːx] = breast
Cíchmuine [ˈkʲiːxmunʲe] = male given name
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) cích [kʲiːx] = pap, breast, nipple, teat
cíchech, cīgech [ˈkʲiːxʲəx] = big-chested
Cichmuine, Cichmhuine, Cíchmaine = male given name
Irish (Gaeilge) cíoch [ciəx] = breast, pap, papilla, protuberance
cíochach = mammary
cíochbheart = bra(ssiere)
cíoch-chruthach = mammiform
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) cìoch [kʲiəx] = breast, pap
cìochach [kʲiəxəx] = mammary, pertainning to breasts, ample-bosomed
cìochag
cìoch [kʲiəxag] = valve, small breast
cìocharan [kʲiəxan] = suckling infant
Manx (Gaelg) keeagh [kiːx] = breast, bud, nipple, pap, teat
keeaghagh = mammary
Proto-Brythonic *kig = meat
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) cic, kic = meat
cigva meat market, butcher’s shop, shambles, slaughter-house, carnage
cicbran, cicuran, kigvrain, kicfran = raven
kicawc, kigawc = meaty, fleshy
kiccyd, kygyd, kigydd = butcher
Welsh (Cymraeg) cig [kiːɡ] = meat, flesh
cigaf, cigo = to fatten, become fleshy
cigaidd = meaty, fleshy, bloody, cruel, carnivorous,
cigfa meat market, butcher’s shop, shambles, slaughter-house, carnage
cigfran = raven
cigog = meaty, fleshy
cigydd = butcher
Old Cornish cic, chic = meat, flesh
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) cig, kig = meat, flesh
cigliu = flesh-coloured
cigver, kiguer = flesh-fork
Cornish (Kernewek) kig = meat, flesh
kiger, kigores = butcher
kigereth = butchery, slaughterhouse
kigliw = flesh (colour), pink
kigti, kigva = butcher’s, butchery, slaughterhouse
Old Breton cic = meat, flesh
Middle Breton (Brezonec) quic = meat, flesh
quicguec = fleshy, muscled
Breton (Brezhoneg) kig [kiːk] = meat, flesh
kigder = overweight
kigek = fleshy, muscular, plump
kigenn [ˈkiːɡɛn] = complexion, muscule
kigennan, kigennañ = to build muscule, to heal
kigennek [kiˈɡɛnːek] = muscule
kiger [ˈkiːɡɛr] = butcher
kigerezh [ki.ˈɡɛː.rɛs] = butcher’s shop

Etymology: assumed to be of expressive/imitative origin [source].

Old Irish (Goídelc) brollach = breast, bosom, chest
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) brollach, brothlach = breast, bosom, chest
Irish (Gaeilge) brollach [bˠəɾˠˈl̪ˠax/ˈbˠɾˠɔl̪ˠəx] = breast, bosom, front, beginning, preface, prologue
brollaiocht = close wrestling
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) brollach [brɔl̪ˠəx] = bosom, breast, bust, chest, brisket
Manx (Gaelg) brollagh = bosom, breast

Etymology: related to the Old Irish bruinne (breast) and brú (belly) [source]. See also the post about Hills

Proto-Celtic *weɸolis = flesh, meat (?)
Old Irish (Goídelc) feóil, féuil [fʲeːu̯lʲ] = flesh, meat
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) feóil, feól = flesh, meat
feólaigid = to make or form flesh
feólairecht = butchery, slaughter
feólamail = the flesh, worldly
feólmar = fleshy
Irish (Gaeilge) feoil [fʲoːlʲ/fʲɔːlʲ] = flesh, meat
feoilteach = carnivorous
feoilteoir = carnivore
feoilséantóir = vegetarian
feoilaire = butcher
feoilmhar = fleshy, fat, flabby
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) feòil [fjɔːl̪ˠ] = flesh, meat
feòil-itheach [fjɔːl̪ˠ içəx] = carnivorous
feòil-itheadair [fjɔːl̪ˠ içədɪrʲ] = carnivore
feòil-sheachnair = vegetarian
Manx (Gaelg) feill [feːlʲ] = flesh, meat
feillagh = fleshy, meaty
feill-eeagh = carnivorous
feilleyder = butcher
feill-haghnagh = vegetarian (adj)
feill-haghneyder = vegetartian (person)

Etymology: uncertain [source].

Old Irish (Goídelc) cnes = skin
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) cnes, cnis, cneis, cneas = skin, surface, body, flesh, bosom, breast
Irish (Gaeilge) cneas [cnʲasˠ/cɾʲasˠ] = skin, good appearance
cneasach = covered with skin, cutaneous
cneasaí = close companion, spouse, healer
cneasaigh = to cicatrize, heal
cneasluiteach = skintight
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) cneas [krʲẽs] = skin, bosom
cneasachadh [krʲesəxəɣ] = (act of) squeezing, tightening, pressing, making slender, curing, healing
Proto-Brythonic *knōto- = flesh (?)
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) knaud, cnaut, knaỽt, knawt = flesh
knowdio = to incarnate, gather flesh, be conceived
knaỽtaỽl, knaỽdaỽl, knoawdol = bodily, carnal, physical, sensual, fleshy, plump
Welsh (Cymraeg) cnawd [knau̯d] = flesh
cnawdaidd = pertaining to the flesh, carnal
cnawd(i)edig = fleshy, carnal
cnawdiad = incarnation, putting on of flesh
cnawdiaf, cnawdio = to incarnate, gather flesh, be conceived
cnawdig = fleshy, carnal, fat, plump
cnawdol = bodily, carnal, physical, sensual, fleshy, plump
Cornish (Kernewek) kneus = skin
Breton (Brezhoneg) kneud = carnality, fleshliness (?)

Etymology: possibly from PIE *kneu-t- [source].

More Celtic words for breast and meat can be found on the posts about Hills, Central Hearts, Baskets, Wings, Bones, Fatty Lard and Food

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Sources: Wiktionary, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, Teanglann.ie, Am Faclair Beag, An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Online Manx Dictionary, Gaelg Corpus, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall, Gerlyver Kernewek, Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton, Dictionnaires bilingues de Francis Favereau / Edition Skol Vreizh, TermOfis

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Barn

Words for barn and related things in Celtic languages.

Barn

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Old Irish (Goídelc) sciból = barn
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) sciból, sgioból = barn, granary
Irish (Gaeilge) scioból [ʃkɪˈbˠoːl̪ˠ] = barn
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) sgiobal [sgʲibəl̪ˠ] = barn, granary
Manx (Gaelg) skibbalt = barn, granary
Old Welsh (Kembraec) scipaur = barn, granary
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) ysgubaỽr, yscubawr, sgubor, yscubor, yscupor = barn, granary
Welsh (Cymraeg) ysgubor, sgubor [əsˈɡɨ̞bɔr/əsˈɡiːbɔr] = barn, granary, farm building
(y)sguboraidd = barn-like
ysguborio = to put or store in a barn
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) scaber, sciber, skibor = barn, any large room
Cornish (Kernewek) skiber = barn, corn-loft, granary
Middle Breton (Brezonec) squiber, skiber = lean-to, shed, reception room
Breton (Brezhoneg) skiber = shed, lean-to, storage room

Etymology (Brythonic words): possibly from Proto-Brytonic *ɨskʉb (sheaf), from Latin scōpa (branch of a plant, broom, besom), from Proto-Italic *skōpās, from Proto-Indo-European *skeh₂p- (rod, shaft, staff, club) [source]. The Goidelic words were probably borrowed from a Brythonic language [source].

Some words for Brushes and Brooms in Celtic languages come from the same roots, as do the words scopa (broom) in Italian, escoba (broom) in Spanish, and shqopë (heather, heath, briar) in Albanian [source].

Old Irish (Goídelc) saball = barn
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) saball = barn
Irish (Gaeilge) sabhall = barn
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) sabhal [sa.əl̪ˠ] = barn, granary
sabhal-feòir = hay barn
sabhalalach [sa.əl̪ˠəx] = barn-like, pertaining to or abounding in barns
Manx (Gaelg) soalt = barn, granary

Etymology: from Latin stablum (dwelling, stable, hut, tavern), from stō (to stand, stay, remain) and‎ -bulum (instrumental suffix) ( [source].

Old Irish (Goídelc) ithlann = barn, granary, threshing floor
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) ithlann, ithla, ithland = threshing floor, barn, granary, storehouse, garden
Irish (Gaeilge) iothlainn = stackyard, rickyard
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) iothl(i)ann [jul̪ˠən̪ˠ/jul̪ɪn̪ʲ] = yard, farmyard enclosure
Manx (Gaelg) uhllin = corn-yard, farmyard, haggard, rick-yard, stack-yard

Etymology: from Old Irish ith (corn, grain) and lann (building, house, land, plot) [source].

Other words for barn in Welsh include grawndy (barn, granary), grawnfa (barn, granary) and heiniardy (barn, granary).

Incidentally, the word barn means opinion, view, judgement or sentence in Welsh, to judge in Breton, and it means child in the Northern Germanic languages, such as Danish, Norwegian, Swedish and Icelandic, and in dialects of English spoken in parts of northern England [source].

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Lies and Deceit

Words for deceit, treachery, conspiracy and related things in Celtic languages.

Colonial Conspiritors

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *mratrom = deceit, betrayal, treachery
Old Irish (Goídelc) mrath [ˈmr͈aθ] = deceiving, betraying
marnaid [ˈmar͈n͈ɨðʲ] = to betray, deceive, delude
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) brath =
mairnid = to betray, deceive, delude
Irish (Gaeilge) brath [bˠɾˠɑh/bˠɾˠah] = perception, feeling, detection, spying, betrayal, expectation, intention, dependence, reliance
braith [bˠɾˠa/bˠɾˠaç] = to perceive, feel, spy out, note, betray, sense, intend, expect, depend on
braiteach = perceptive, alert, wary, sensitive, treacherous
braistint = perception
braiteoir = sensor
brathadóir = betrayer, spy, informer
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) brath [brah] = betraying, giving away, betrayal, knowledge
brathadair [brahədɪrʲ] = betrayer, informer, traitor
brathadh = betraying, giving away, betrayal, treason, informing on
brathach [brahəx] = traitorous
brathaich = (to) betray, inform on
Manx (Gaelg) brah = betray, disclose, betrayal, disclosure
brahder = detector, traitor, betrayer, informer
braheyder = betrayer, traitor
Proto-Brythonic *brad = treachery, betrayal, deceit
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) brat, brad = treachery, betrayal, deceit, guile, ruse, conspiracy, treason
bradu = to commit treachery, betray, deceive, plot, conspire
bradedic = treacherous, deceitful
bradaỽc, bradouc, bradog, bradoc = treacherous, deceitful, guileful, false
bratwr, bradỽr, bradwr = traitor, betrayer
bradychu, bredychu = to betray, be disloyal, deceive
Welsh (Cymraeg) brad [braːd] = treachery, betrayal, deceit, guile, ruse, conspiracy, treason
bradaf, bradu = to commit treachery, betray, deceive, plot, conspire
bradedig = treacherous, deceitful
bradog = treacherous, deceitful, guileful, false, traitor, deserter
bradwr, bradydd = traitor, betrayer
bradwriad = conspiracy
bradychu = to betray, be disloyal, deceive, reveal unintentionally
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) bras = conspiracy, plot (?)
Cornish (Kerneweg) bras = conspiracy, plot
brasa = to conspire, plot
braser, brasores = conspirator, plotter
Old Breton (Brethonog) brat = deception, betrayal
Middle Breton (Brezonec) barat = deception, betrayal
Breton (Brezhoneg) barad [ˈbɑː.rat] = deception, betrayal, perfidy
baradañ = to betray
barader = traitor
baraderezh = treachery

Etymology: from Proto-Celtic marnati (to betray), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥-né-h₂-ti from *merh₂- (to crumble, destroy), which is also the root of merja (to squash, crush, bruise) in Icelandic [source].

Proto-Celtic *brenkā = lie
Old Irish (Goídelc) bréc [bʲrʲeːɡ] = lie, falsehood, deception, exaggeration
brécach [ˈbʲrʲeːɡax] = lying, false, deceitful
brécaid = to deceive, entice, seduce
brécairecht = cunning, deceit, deception
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) bréc, brég = falsehood, lie, deception
brécach, brégach = lying, deceitful, counterfeit, false, entice, coax
brécaid, bréicid = to deceive, lead astray, entice, seduce, decoy
brécaire = liar, deceiver, flatterer, hypocrite
brécán = plaything, toy
Irish (Gaeilge) bréag [bʲɾʲeːɡ] = lie, falsehood, false; to cajole, coax
bréagach [ˈbʲɾʲeːɡəx] = liar, lying, false
bréagadh = coaxing, cajolery
bréagadóir = liar, deceiver, cajoler, wheedler
bréagadóireacht = falsehood, deceit, cajolery, wheedling
bréagán [ˈbʲɾʲeːɡɑːnˠ] = toy, plaything
bréagchéadfa = hallucination
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) breug [brʲiag] = falsehood, lie, untruth, deceiving, artificial, fake, false
breugach [brʲiagəx] = deceitful, dishonest, false, lying
breugadair [brʲiagədɪrʲ] = liar
breugadh [brʲiəgəɣ] = coaxing, cajoling, enticing, soothing
breugag [brʲiagag] = little lie, lying woman
breugaireachd [brʲiəgɛrʲəxg] = habit of lying, mendacity
Manx (Gaelg) breag = lie, fallacy, sham, fiction, invention, untruth
breagagh = lying, false, imitation, extravagant, fictious, spurious
breageraght = equivocation, lying
breagerey = liar, romancer, storyteller, dissembler
breageyder = fabler, fibber, leg-puller
breagerys = lying
breigey = to beguile, cajole, coax, entice, decoy, lure, persuade, seduce, wheedle

Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European bʰrenḱ- from *merh₂- (to deviate, corrupt) [source].

Proto-Celtic *kelgâ = ?
Old Irish (Goídelc) celg = deceit, guile, treachery
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) celg, cealg, ceilg = deceit, guile, treachery, strategem, ambush, trap
celgach = deceitful, treacherous
celgaid = to deceive, defraud, beguile
celgaire = deceiver, trickster
Irish (Gaeilge) cealg = deceit, guile, treachery; to beguile, allure, deceive, to lull to sleep, to sting
cealgach = guileful, treacherous, beguiling, alluring
cealgadh = beguilement, allurement, deception
cealgaire = guileful person, beguiler, deceiver
cealgaireacht = guilefulness, beguilement, deception, treachery
cealgrún = treacherous intent, malevolence
cealgrúnach = malevolent
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) cealg [kʲal̪ˠag] = deceit, guile, treachery
cealgach [kʲal̪ˠagəx] = deceitful, fraudulent, crafty, cunning, underhand
cealgadair, cealgaire [kʲal̪ˠagədɪrʲ / kʲal̪ˠagɪrʲə] = cheat, deceiver, fraudster
cealgaireach [kʲal̪ˠagɪrʲəx] = deceitful, treacherous
cealgaireachd [kʲal̪ˠagɛrʲəxg] = cheating, defraudment, defraudation
Manx (Gaelg) kialg = craft(iness), deceit, duplicity, fiddle, guilde, perfidiousness, sedition, swindle, treachery, trickery
kialgagh = deceitful, guileful, perfidious
kialgeyr = betrayer, cheat, deceiver, swindler
kialgoil = deceitful, pungent
kialgys = craftiness, deceitfulness, wiliness
kialgeyrys = cunning, deceit(fulness), double dealing, hypocrisy, knavery, treachery
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) strong>celg, celc, kelk = wile, deceit, concealment
kelky, celcu = to hide, conceal, secrete, steal, pilfer, embezzle
celgwr, celcwr = deceiver, concealer, embezzler
Welsh (Cymraeg) celc, celg = wile, deceit, concealment, hoard, embezzlement
celciad = a concealing, embezzlement
celc(i)af, celcio, celcu = to hide, conceal, secrete, steal, pilfer, embezzle
celc(i)wr, celgwr = deceiver, concealer, embezzler
celcus = hidden, concealed, secret

Etymology: ?

Middle Welsh (Kymraec) twyll, tvyll = deception, deceit, fraud, lie, falsehood, guile
twyllaw, tvyllav = to deceive, defraud
twyllawdyr, tỽyllaỽdyr = deceiver
tvylledic, tuylledic, twylledig = deceived, misled, deceitful
Welsh (Cymraeg) twyll [tuːɨ̯ɬ/tʊi̯ɬ] = deception, deceit, fraud, lie, falsehood, guile, malice, treachery, fault, defect
twyllo = to deceive, defraud, swindle, mislead purposely, be unfaithful to, entice, seduce, disappoint, cheat, be deceptive or misleading
twyllawdr = deceiver
twylledig = deceived, misled, deceitful
twylledd = deceit, deception
twyllgar = deceitful, cheating, treacherous
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) tull = deceit, fraud, guile
tulle, tolla = to deceive
tullor = deceiver
Cornish (Kernewek) toll = deceit, disappointment, fraud
tolla = to cheat, deceive, delude, disappoint, kid, mislead
Old Breton (Brethonoc) tuill = decoy, illusion
toillam = to deceive, delude, illusion, abuse
Middle Breton (Brezonec) toellaff = to deceive, delude, illusion, abuse
Breton (Brezhoneg) touell [ˈtwɛlː] = decoy, illusion, false, pretense
touelladur = illusion(ism)
touellañ [ˈtwɛ.lːã] = to deceive, delude, abuse, seduce
toueller = imposter, seducer
touellerez = misleading
touellerezh = imposture
touellet = deceived
touellus = illusory
touellwel = mirage

Etymology: from Latin tēla (web, warp, loom), from Proto-Italic *teksō, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *tḗtḱ-ti / *teḱ-se-ti, from *teḱ- (to beget, produce), or from PIE *tek- (to weave, fasion) [source]. Word from the same root include: text, textile and texture in English, tisser (to weave, plait, wreathe) in French, tejer (to knit, spin, weave) in Spanish, and Docht (wick) in German [source].

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Sources: Wiktionary, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, Teanglann.ie, Am Faclair Beag, An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Online Manx Dictionary, Gaelg Corpus, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall, Gerlyver Kernewek, Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton, Dictionnaires bilingues de Francis Favereau / Edition Skol Vreizh, TermOfis

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Ploughs

Words for plough* and related things in Celtic languages.

Plough

*plough = plow for those of you in North America.

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *aratrom = plough
Old Irish (Goídelc) arathar = plough, ploughing equipment, tillage
airid = to plough
airem = ploughman
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) arathar = plough, ploughing equipment, tillage
airem = ploughman, tiller
airid = to plough, till
airithe = ploughed
Irish (Gaeilge) arathar = ploughing equipment, plough, ploughing (literary)
air = plough (literary)
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) àrach [aːrəx] = ploughshare, utensils for ploughing (archaic)
Manx (Gaelg) erroo = ploughman, tiller of land
errooid = cultivation, tillage, ploughmanship
Proto-Brythonic *aradr [aˈradr] = plough
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) aratrum, aradyr, aradr, aratr = plough
aradrur, aradrwr = ploughman
aradỽy, aradwy = arable or ploughed land
Welsh (Cymraeg) aradr [ˈaradr/ˈaːradr] = plough, the Plough
aradraf, aradu = to plough, till, cultivate
aradrswch = ploughshare
araduriaeth = (act of) ploughing, ploughmanship
aradrwr = ploughman
aradrwy = arable or ploughed land
Old Cornish aradar = plough
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) aradar, ardar, aratum = plough
araderuur, arator = ploughmen
aras = to plough, till
Cornish (Kernewek) arader = plough
araderor = ploughman
aradow = arable
aras = to plough
Middle Breton (Brezonec) ararz, arazr = plough
Breton (Brezhoneg) arar [ˈɑːrar] = plough
aradeg = ploughing, ploughing competition
aradenn = ploughing, surge of anger
arat = to plough, spin

Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (plough), from *h₂erh₃- (to plough) and *-trom (instrumental suffix). Words from the same roots include ard (a simple plough consisting of a spike dragged through the soil) in English, arður (plough, profit, gain) in Icelandic, årder (plough) in Swedish, ader (plough) in Estonian and arado (plough) in Spanish [source].

Proto-Celtic *kanktus / *kanxtus = plough, plough beam
Old Irish (Goídelc) cécht = plough-beam
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) cécht, cecht = plough-beam, plough
Irish (Gaeilge) céachta [ˈkeːx.t̪ˠə] = plough
céachtaíl = ploughing
céachtaire = ploughwright
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) ceuchd = plough (obsolete)
Manx (Gaelg) keeaght [ˈki.axt] = plough

Etymology: from Proto-Celtic *kankā (branch), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱank- (branch). Words from the same roots include géag (branch, bough, limb) in Irish, cainc (branch) in Welsh, gancio (hook) in Italian, and gancho (hook, peg) in Spanish [source].

Old Irish (Goídelc) trebaid = to cultivate, till, plough, inhabit
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) trebad = (act of) ploughing cultivating, husbandry
trebaid = to cultivate, till, plough, inhabit, dwell
Irish (Gaeilge) treabh [ˈtʲɾʲavˠ/ˈtʲɾʲəu] = to plough; till, cultivate, occupy, inhabit (literary)
treabhadh = ploughing
treabhdóir = ploughman
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) treabh [tro] = to till (the ground), plough, cultivate, delve
treabhadh = ploughing
treabhta = ploughed, tilled, cultivated
Manx (Gaelg) traaue = to plough (up), till, furrow, cleave, ploughing, tilling
traauee = ploughing, contributing, to tillage
traaueyder = ploughman

Etymology: from Old Irish treb (house(hold), farm, tribe), from Proto-Celtic *trebā (dwelling), from Proto-Indo-European *treb- (dwelling, settlement) [source]. For more related words, see the post about Towns and Tribes.

Middle Welsh (Kymraec) gwyd, guyd = (wooden frame of a) plough
Welsh (Cymraeg) gwŷdd [ɡwɨːð] = plough (North Wales), tree(s), branches, timber, masts, loom
Etymology: from Proto-Brythonic *gwɨð (wood, trees), from Proto-Celtic *widus (wood, trees), from PIE *h₁weydʰh₁- (to separate, split, cleave, divide) [source]. For more related words, see the post about Trees, Wood(s) and Forests.

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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