Words for fresh and new in Celtic languages.
| Proto-Celtic | *ɸūros = new |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | úr = fresh, new |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | úr = fresh, new, bright, noble, generous, fair, active, recent |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | úr [uːɾˠ] = fresh; free, liberal, moist úrach = green timber úraigh = to freshen, scour, cleanse, become moist, damp úras = new milk úrchneasach = fresh-complexioned |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | ùr [uːr] = new, fresh ùrachadh = refreshing, renewing, renovating, renewal ùr-ghnàthaich = innovative, innovatory ùr-ghnàthaichear = innovator ùrad = degree of newness, novelty |
| Manx (Gaelg) | oor = new, sweet, novel, sappy, crisp, span, fresh, hour, raw ooragh = hourly, refreshing ooraghey = to freshen, purify, refresh, relieve, sweeten ooraghtoil, oorey = refreshing |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | ir [iːr] = verdant, green, juicy, sappy, moist, succulent, not withered, not dried up or coagulated, fresh, undried; mild; alive, thriving, lively, vigorous; new, fresh, young, unripe iraidd = fresh, verdant, green, juicy, sappy, moist, liquid |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | yr [ɪ:r/iːr] = fresh |
Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *puHrós (wheat), possibly from *pewH- (to be clean, pure) [Source].
Words from the same PIE roots include pure in English, პური (ṗuri – bread, wheat) in Georgian, and պուրի (puri – a type of bread) in Armenian [Source].
| Proto-Celtic | *nouyos = new |
|---|---|
| Gaulish | *novios = (used in place names) |
| Celtiberian | nouiza = new |
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | núa [n͈uːa̯] = new |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | núa(e) = new, recent, fresh, lusty, vigorous, fair, clear, bright, lately, anew, again, recently |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | nua [n̪ˠuə / n̪ˠuː] = new, fresh, recent, novel; newness, new thing nua-aimseartha = modern nuachan = novation nuacht = news, novelty nuachtóir = reporter, journalist |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | nuadh [nuəɣ] = new, fresh, recent, novel, modern, unfamiliar a-nuadh = anew nua-aimsireach = modern, up to date nua-fhasanta = newfangled nuadhachadh = renewing, renovating nuadhachas = novelty, innovation |
| Manx (Gaelg) | noa = fresh, modern, new, novel, original, recent, unused noa-emshiragh = modern noaght = freshness, modernity, newness, novelty noaid = freshness, innovation, newness, novelty, originality aanoaghey = to rejuvenate, renew, renovate |
| Proto-Brythonic | *newɨð = new |
| Old Welsh | neguid = new |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | newyt, newyd = new, recent, modern, late, novel newydhau, newyddhau = to renew, renovate, restore |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | newydd [ˈnɛu̯.ɨ̞ð/ˈnɛu̯.ɪð] = new, recent, newly-grown, modern, late, novel, changed, different; new (moon), unused, fresh newyddaf, newyddu = to renew, renovate, restore, be renewed or restored, replace, change, reform, modernize, innovate newyddaidd = newish, new, modern, newfangled, fresh, renewed newyddair = neologism, new word or spelling newyddeb = novelty, innovation newyddiadur = newspaper newyddiadura = to be a journalist newyddiadureg = jouralese, journalism |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | newydh, nowydh, nowedh = new, fresh, late, recent |
| Cornish | nowydh = fresh, new, novel, newly, just nowydh flamm = brand new nowydh genys = newborn |
| Old Breton | nouuid = new |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | nevez [ˈne.ve] = new nevezadeg restoration campaign nevezadenn = innovation nevezadenniñ = to innovate nevezadur = innovation, updating, actualisation nevezer = innovator |
Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *néw(y)os (new) [Source]. The town of Noia in A Coruña in Galicia in the northwest of Spain probably gets its new from the same Proto-Celtic root possibly via Celtiberian [Source].
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic
