Trousers, Socks and Sites

Words for trousers, socks, sites and related words in Celtic languages.

Red Trousers

Proto-Celtic *ɸlātrom = flat position
Old Irish (Goídelc) láthar [ˈl͈aːθar] = arrangement, disposition
láthraid [ˈl͈aːθrɨðʲ] = to arrange, to dispose
Irish (Gaeilge) láthair [ˈl̪ˠɑːhəɾʲ/ˈl̪ˠæhəɾʲ] = place, spot, site, location; presence
as láthair = absent
faoi láthair = at present
i láthair = present
láithreach = ruined site, ruin, trace; imprint; present (tense)
láithreacht = presence
láithreán = piece of ground, place, site; ruined, vacated site; floor, space; set
láithreog = small site; trace, mark; small well-built girl
láithrigh = to present oneself, appear
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) làthair [l̪ˠaː.ɪrʲ] = presence, venue
an làthair = present, here, in attendance; extant; in existence
neo-làthair = absent
neo-làthaireachd = absence
làthaireach = present
làthaireachd = presence; attendance; atmosphere
uile-làthaireachd = omnipresence
Manx (Gaelg) laaragh = centric(al), stage, centre, venue, site
emshir-laaragh = present tense
neuaaragh, assaaragh = absent
ooilley-laaragh = ubiquitous
Proto-Brythonic *lọdr = leg covering
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) llauder, llahudyr, llawdyr, llodr = trousers, breeches, hose
Welsh (Cymraeg) llawdr [ˈɬaːu̯dr] = trousers, breeches, hose
llawdrog, llodrog = wearing breeches, bedraggled
llawdrwisg = breeches
llawdrwr, llodrydd, llodrwr = breeches-maker
llaesu llawdr = to undo one’s trousers (to ease oneself)
Old Cornish loder = sock
Cornish (Kernewek) lodrik = sock
Middle Breton louzr = sock
Breton (Brezhoneg) loer = sock, (trouser) leg

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (flat) [source].

From the same PIE root we also get Celtic words for hand, from the Proto-Celtic *ɸlāmā (palm, hand) [source], which was borrowed from Old Irish into Old Norse and became lámur (flipper, paw, left hand) in Faroese [source].

Words for floor and ground in Celtic languages also come from the same PIE root, via the Proto-Celtic *ɸlārom (floor) [source].

English words from the same PIE root include floor, palm, piano, plain, plan and plane, and also Poland [source].

Irish (Gaeilge) bríste [ˈbʲɾʲiːʃtʲə] = trousers; breeching (of harness); roe (of pollock)
brístín = panties, knickers
fobhríste = underpants
forbhríste = overalls
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) briogais [brʲigɪʃ] = trousers, breeches
briogais-ghlùine = shorts, plus fours
briogais-ghoirid, briogais-bheag = shorts
briogais-shnàimh = swimming trunks
Manx (Gaelg) breeçhyn = breeches
breeçhyn glioonagh = knee breeches
breeçhyn markee = riding breeches
Welsh (Cymraeg) brits(h) = breeches
britis pen-(g)lin = knee-breeches
Breton (Brezhoneg) bragez = knickers, panties, breeches
bragez vihan = underpants, briefs, pants, panties

Etymology: from the English breeches, from the Middle English brech(e), brek (breeches), from the Old English brēċ (underpants), from the Proto-Germanic *brōkiz, from *brōks (leggings, pants, trousers; rear end, rump) the Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (to break, crack, split) [source].

Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) triubhas = closs-fitting shorts
Irish (Gaeilge) triús = (pair of) trousers, trews
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) triubhas [tru.əs] = trousers, trews
Manx (Gaelg) troosyn = slacks, pants, trews, tights, trouser, knickers
troosyn çhionn = pantaloons
troosyn giarey = short trousers
troosyn markee = jodhpurs
Welsh (Cymraeg) trywsus, trywser, trowsus [ˈtrou̯sɨ̞s/ˈtrou̯sɪs] = trousers, breeches, knickers, panties
trywsus bach = shorts, short trouserse, knickerbockers
Breton (Brezhoneg) bragez = knickers, panties, breeches
bragez vihan = underpants, briefs, pants, panties
bragoù = trousers

Etymology (Welsh): from the English trousers, from the Middle Irish triubhas (trousers, trews) of uncertain origin [source]. The English word trews (trousers, especially if close fitting and tartan) was borrowed from Scottish Gaelic [source].

Cornish (Kernewek) lavrek = trousers
lavrek byghan = briefs, underpants
lavrek jin = jeans
lavrek kott = short
Breton (Brezhoneg) lavreg = trousers

Etymology unknown

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, logainm.ie, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Bark and Beehives

Words for bark, beehives and related words in Celtic languages.

Beehives

Proto-Celtic *ruskos = bark, beehive
Gaulish rusca / ruskā = bark, beehive
Old Irish (Goídelc) rúsc [ruːsk] = (tree) bark, basket, covering
Irish (Gaeilge) rúsc [ɾˠuːsˠk] = (tree) bark, vessel made of bark
rúscach = bark-like; rough, wrinkled (skin)
rúscán = strip of bark, vessel made of bark, kind of seaweed
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) rùsg [r̪ˠuːsg] = (tree) bark, peel, rind, husk, crust, fleece
rùsg-caorach = sheep’s fleece
rùsg-abhaill = apple peel
rùsg na Talmhainn = crust of the Earth
rùsgan [r̪ˠuːsgan] = thin (tree) bark, thin peel/rind/husk, thin crust, small fleece, bark boat
rùsgach = fleecy
Manx (Gaelg) roost [ruːst] = peel, bark, rind
roostey = strip, peel, hull, rob, bare, rind, debunk, rifle, unbark, deprive, peeling, exposure
Proto-Brythonic *rrisk = bark
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) risgl, risg, rhisg, risc = bark
Welsh (Cymraeg) rhisg(l) [ˈr̥ɪsɡ(l)/ˈr̥ɪsɡɪ(l)] = (piece of) bark, rind, peel (of fruit) husk (of grain)
rhisg(l)ach = pieces of bark
rhisgen = (bark) dish or pan
rhisglen = (piece of) bark, rind; hackle, flax comb
rhisgl(i)af, rhisgaf, rhisgl(i)o, rhisgo = to bark, decorticate, peel (off), develop bark (on), encrust
rhisg(l)aidd = having bark or rind, corticate(d), covered with bark
Old Cornish rusc = bark
Middle Cornish risc = bark
Cornish (Kernewek) rusken = bark, peel
ruskek = rough-barked
Middle Breton rusquenn = beehive
Breton (Brezhoneg) rusk = bark, peel, zest
ruskek = rough, rugged, coarse
ruskenn = (bee)hive, apiary
ruskennad = beehive
ruskenner = beehive maker

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (to dig up), possibly from *h₃er- (to move, stir) [source].

The French word ruche (beehive, ruffle, flounce) and the Catalan word rusc (beehive) come from the Gaulish root rusca, via the Late Latin rusca (bark), and the English word ruche (pleated fabric, ruff), and the German word Rüsche (ruffle, ruche) were borrowed from French [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, logainm.ie, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Calling Words

Words for word, call, cry and related things in Celtic languages.

words is various languages
Word cloud created with WordItOut

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *gāri = shout, call
*garyeti = to cry, shout
*gar(r)man- = cry, shout
*garyo- = word, command
*garyos = call, cry
Gaulish *Garomaros / Garo-marus = personal name
adgarion = accuser (?)
Old Irish (Goídelc) gairm = call, name, summons
gairid [ˈɡarʲiðʲ] = to call, cry out, summon
adgair [aðˈɡarʲ] = to summon
congair [konˈɡarʲ] = to call, summon; invite
dogair = to call
Middle Irish (Goídelc) gairm = call, name, summons, cry, name, title, calling, employment, profession
gairid = to call
Irish (Gaeilge) gáir [ɡɑːɾʲ/ɡæːɾʲ] = cry, shout; report, fame, notoriety; to cry shout; laugh
gáire = to laugh
gáieach = laughing, smiling
gáieachtach = noisy, vociferous; laughing, merry
gairm [ˈɡaɾʲəmʲ/ˈɡɪɾʲəmʲ] = call, calling, acclaim
(an tuiseal) gairmeach = vocative (case)
gairmí = professional
gairmiúil = vocational, professional
slua gairm = slogan
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) goir [gɤrʲ] = to call, cry, hoot, crow
gàir [gaːrʲ] = to laugh, cry shout; outcry, shout, clamour
gàir nan tonn = the roar of the waves
gairm [ɡɤrʲɤm] = calling, crying, call, cry, announcing, declaring, convenning, call of the cockerel
gairmeachadh = (act of) calling
gairm-choileach = cock-crow
gairm-chatha, gairm-chogaidh = war-cry
sluagh-gairm = slogan
tuiseal gairmeach = vocative case
Manx (Gaelg) gerr = crow, shout
gerr chah = war cry
gerrym = crowing, outcry, shouting, whoop, whooping, (cock) crow), avocation, mission, profession, vocation
gerrymagh = vocative
gerrymoil = professional, vocational
gerrym caggee = battle cry, call up, war cry
gerrym chellee = cock crow
sleih gerrym = slogan
Proto-Brythonic *gėr [ɡe̝ːr] = word, speech
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) geir = word
gaur, gawr = shout, cry
garddu = groan
garym, garm = shout, cry, outcry, clamour
garymleis, garamleis = scream, clamour
Welsh (Cymraeg) gair [ɡai̯r] = word, speech, phrase, greeting, salutation, short exhortation, saying, proverb; verb; line of poetry, verse; report, rumour, information, letter, reputation, fame, praise
geiriad = wording, phraseology, phrase
geiriadaf, geiriadu = to word, phrase, express
geiriadur = dictionary
geiriaduraf, geiriaduro, geiriadura = to compile a dictionary
geiriaduriaeth, geiriaduraeth = lexicography; vocabulary; grammar
geiriadurwr = lexicographer, dictionary-maker
geiriog = wordy, verbose
garm = shout, cry, outcry, clamour
garmlais = scream, clamour
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) garm = a cry, shout, outcry
garme = to shout, raise a shout, cry aloud, cry out
Cornish (Kernewek) ger [ɡɛːr/ɡeːr] = word, saying, report
gerdhal = dyslexic
gerdhalni = dyslexia
gerlyver = dictionary
garm = to shout, whoop, yell
garm argemynna = (advertising) slogan
garm vresel = battle cry
garm wormola = ovation
garma = to cry out, whoop, yell
garma yn lowen = to cheer
Old Breton gerent = word. say
Middle Breton guer = word
garm = loud crying, yelping of a fox, war cry, cry
garmadeg, garmadenn = clamour
garmer = to cry, crying, brawler
garmiñ = to cry, bellow, yelp
Breton (Brezhoneg) ger [ɡeːr] = word
geriadur = dictionary
garm = cry, clamour, weeping

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (to shout, call) [source]. The English words garrulous (excessively talkative), care and charm (sound of many voices (esp. of birds or children), a flock or group (esp. of finches)) come from the same PIE root [source].

Proto-Celtic *woxtlom = dispute
Old Irish (Goídelc) focul [ˈɸokul] = word
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) focal, foc(c)ull, focla, facul = word, vocable, phrase, estimate, award, judgement, promise
Irish (Gaeilge) focal [ˈfˠɞkəl̪ˠ/ˈfˠɔkəlˠ] = word, phrase, remark, observation, saying, intelligence, message, promise, assurance
focalhbhá = ellipsis …
foclach = wordy, verbose
foclachas = wordiness, verbiage
focleolaí = philologist
focleolaíoch = philological
focleolaíocht = philology
foclóir = dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary
foclóireacht = lexicography
foclóireolaíocht/strong> = lexicology
foclóirí = lexicographer
foclóirín = word-list, vocabulary
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) facal [faxgəl̪] = word, comment, remark
facal air an fhacal = word for word, literally, verbatim
facal-faire = password
facal-fhreumhail = etymology
facal-mùirne = an endearment
facal-toisich = introduction, preamble
Manx (Gaelg) fockle [ˈfɔːɡəl] = word, charm, vocable
focklagh = wordy, verbose, voluble, loquacious
focklaghys = wordiness, verbiage
fockleyr = dictionary, lexicon, thesaurus
fockleyragh = lexicographic
fockleyreen = vocabulary, wordbook
fockleyreyder = lexicographer
fockleyrys = lexicography
Proto-Brythonic *gwoɨθl = dispute
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) gwaethyl = debate, dispute, contention, battle
gwaethyl uann, gwaethyluann = loud in dispute, strenuous, striving
gwaethyl gwyr = fighter, warrior
Welsh (Cymraeg) gwaethl = debate, dispute, contention, battle
gwaethlfan = loud in dispute, strenuous, striving
gwaethlwr = fighter, warrior
gwaethl =

Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *wókʷtlom, from *wekʷ- (to speak, sound out) [source]. Words from the same PIE roots include advocate, epic, vocal, voice, vouch and , vowel in English; gewagen (to report, notify) in Dutch; voce (voice, call, word) in Italian; and उक्ति (ukti – saying, expression) in Hindi [source].

Proto-Celtic *brētrā = word, battle
Old Irish (Goídelc) bríathar [ˈbʲrʲiːa̯θər] = word, speech, utterance, verb, discourse
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) bríathar, briathor = word, utterance, talk, saying, speech, discourse, blessing, prayer, curse, promise, vow, pledge, verb
bríathardae = wordy, verbal
bríatharach = wordy, verbose
bríathad = act of speaking
bríatharaigid = to speak, pronounce
Irish (Gaeilge) briathar [ˈbʲɾʲiəhəɾˠ / ˈbʲɾʲiːhəɾˠ] = word, verb
briathartha = verbal
briathrach = wordy, verbose
briathrachas = wordiness, verbosity
briathraíocht = diction
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) briathar [brʲiəhər] = word, term
briathrail [brʲiəral] = loquacious, talkative, wordy, verbose
briathrach [brʲiərəx] = talkative, loquacious, wordy, verbose
Manx (Gaelg) breear = verb
breearagh = verbal
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) brwyder, brwydyr = battle
brwydraw = to battle, fight, struggle, attack
brwydrin = battle, conflict, fierce, pugnacious
brwydyrdaer = resolute in battle, fighting with all one’s might
brwytyrgar, brwydyrgar = delighting in fighting, eager for battle, bellicose
brwydryar = tumult of battle, battle-cry
brwydr-wr = fighter, warrior, combatant
Welsh (Cymraeg) brwydr [ˈbrʊɨ̯dr / ˈbrʊi̯dr] = pitched battle, conflict, attack, campaign, struggle, bother, dispute, controversy, host, army
brwydrin = battle, conflict, fierce, pugnacious
brwydro = to battle, fight, struggle, attack
brwydrwr = fighter, warrior, combatant

Etymology: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (to strike, pierce) [source]. Words from the same PIE root include boren (to) bore in English, (to drill) in Dutch, and foràre (to pierce, puncture) in Italian [source].

Proto-Celtic *galw-o- = call
Old Irish (Goídelc) gláed = shout, loud call
gláedach = noisy, blustering, adjective
gláedid = to cry out, name; verb
gláedem = wolf
glegrach = noisy
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) gláed, glaid = shout, loud call
gláedach = calling, crying out, shouting, noisy, blustering
gláedid = to cry out, to name
glegrach = noisy, resounding, clamorous
Irish (Gaeilge) glao [ɡl̪ˠeː/ɡlˠiː] = call, shout
glaoch = calling, to call
glaoigh = to call, cry out, shout
glaoiteach = calling, vociferous
glaomaire = loud-mouthing, vociferous, boastful person
glaomaireacht = shouting, bragging, boastfulness
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) glaodh [gl̪ˠɯː] = cry, shout, yell, proclamation
glaodhach [gl̪ˠɯː.əx] = crying, shouting, yelling
glaodhaire [gl̪ˠɯː.ɪrʲə] = crier, loudspeaker
glaodhar [gl̪ˠɯː.ər] = noise, rattling, clang, clash
glaodhte = cried, shouted, yelled
Manx (Gaelg) gyllagh = calling, crying
gyllaghey = to cry, roar, shout
Proto-Brythonic *gėlwɨd = to call
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) galw = a call, calling, shout, cry, invitation
gelwi, galw, galwaf = to call, shout, bawl, summon, invite
galwedic, galwedig = called, named, summoned
galwedigaeth, galwedygaeth = call, a calling, vocation, profession, occupation
Welsh (Cymraeg) galw [ˈɡalu / ˈɡaːlu] = a call, calling, shout, cry, invitation
galwad = a calling, call, shout, sounding
galwaf, galw, gelwain = to call, shout, bawl, summon, invite
galwdig = called, named, summoned
galwdigaeth = call, a calling, vocation, profession, occupation
galwdigaethol = vocational, occupational, professional
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) galow = a call, invitation
gelwel, gylwel = to call (for), invoke, name
Cornish (Kernewek) galow = appeal, call, calling, invitation, vocation
galwansek = vocational
galwen = call
galwesigeth = calling, profession, vocation
galwesik = professional
gelwel = to call, appeal, invite, summon
Old Breton (Brethonoc) galu = appeal, summons
Middle Breton (Brezonec) galu = appeal, summons
gueruell, gueluer = to call, summon
Breton (Brezhoneg) galv [ˈɡalw/ˈɡalɥ/ˈɡalf] = appeal, summons
galvedigezh [ɡalveˈdiːɡɛs] = vocation, calling
galvel, galven, galver, gervel = to call, summon

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *gal(o)s- (voice, cry). The English word call comes from the same PIE root, as do galsas (sound, echo) in Lithuanian, голос [ˈɡoɫəs] (voice, word, remark, vote) in Russian, hlas (voice, vote) in Czech, and gallo (rooter, cockerel) in Spanish [Source].

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Ditches and Trenches

Words for ditches, trenches and related words in Celtic languages.

irrigation_ditch

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *klado- = to dig, bury
*klādos = trench
*kladeti = to dig, thrust
*kladyā = digging
Gaulish Vindo-cladia = place name
Old Irish (Gaoidhealg) clad = ditch, dyke
claide [ˈkla.ðʲe] = to dig
con·claid = to dig, excavate
do·claid = to dig up, uproot
claidid = to dig
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) clad, clod = hole dug in the ground, trench
claide = digging, trenching, ditch, trench, excavation
claidid = to dig, excavate, undermine
clas = ditch, trench, furrow, pit, cooking-pit, burning-pit, grave
Irish (Gaeilge) cladh = ditch, trench (literary)
cladhach = ridged, furrowed
cladhaire = ditcher
claidh = to dig (a trench), build (a dike)
clais [klˠæʃ] = water channel, gully, ditch, trench, furrow, rut, groove, deep cut, gash, put, trough, soft mass, large quantity
clasach = channelled, trenched, grooved, gashed
clasaigh = to channel, trench, gash, groove
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) cladh [kl̪ˠɤɣ] = burial ground, cemetry, graveyard, ditch
cladhach [kl̪ɤ.əx] = digging, dig, excavation
clais [kl̪ˠaʃ] = furrow, groove, ditch, drain, gutter, rut, trench
claiseach [kl̪ˠaʃəx] = furrowed, grooved, fluted, abounding in trenches/ditches
claisean [kl̪ˠaʃan] = small furrow, small groove, small ditch, drain
claisearachd [kl̪ˠaʃərəxg] = ditching, act of digging a ditch
clais-mhòr = gorge
Manx (Gaelg) clash = channel, cleft, gorge, hollow, furrow, trench, sewer
clashal = to trench
clashag = furrowed, grooved
Proto-Brythonic *klėðɨd [kle̝ˈðɨːd] = to dig, thrust
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) clad, clat = hole, put, ditch, trench, grave
cladedic, kladdedig = buried, interred, dug up
cladedigaeth, klydigeth = burial, funeral
claddfa = cemetry, graveyard, burial-ground
cladu, kladu, kladdy, cladv = to bury, hide, forget, dig, burrow
cleis, clais = bruise, would, break, line, groove, rut, fissure, ditch, trench, rivulet
Welsh (Cymraeg) cladd = hole, put, ditch, trench, grave
claddedig = buried, interred, dug up
claddedigaeth = burial, funeral
claddfa = cemetry, graveyard, burial-ground
claddu [ˈklaðɨ̞/ˈklaːði] = to bury, hide, forget, dig, burrow, stab, pierce
clais [klai̯s/klai̯ʃ] = bruise, would, break, line, groove, rut, fissure, ditch, trench, rivulet
clawdd [ˈklaːu̯ð/ˈklau̯ð] = mound, dyke, earthwork, bulwark, boundary, hedge, fence; ditch, gutter, trench, pit, quarry, mine, moat, fosse
cloddio = to dig, delve, trench, ditch, excavate
clodd(i)wr, clawddwr = ditcher, navvy, digger, miner, quarryman, hedger, excavator
mwyn i’r clawdd to be unsuccessful, fail (“to go to the ditch/wall”)
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) cledh, clêdh = dyke, ditch, trench, fence
cladhva = a burying place
ancledhy = to bury, inter
ancledhyas, anclydhyas, encledhyes = burial, funeral
Cornish (Kernewek) kleudh = ditch
kleudhik = groove
kleudhya = to dig a trench, ditch, excavate
ynkleudhva = cemetry, graveyard
ynkleudhyans = burial, funeral
ynkleudhyas = to bury, inter
ynkleudhyer / ynkleudhyores = funeral director, undertaker
Old Breton (Brethonoc) clud = hollow
Middle Breton (Brezonec) creux, cleus, cleuz = hollow, cave
Breton (Brezhoneg) kleuz [kløː(s)] = hollow, slope, earth embankment, fence (of earth), hedge (of thorns, etc)
kleuziad
kleuz(i)añ [ˈkløː.z(i)ã] = to dig
kleuzier

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *kelh- (to beat, break) [source].

Irish (Gaeilge) díog = ditch, trench, drain
díogach = trenched, having trenches
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) dìg [dʲiːg] = ditch, dyke, drain
Manx (Gaelg) jeeg = ditch, gutter, moat, trench
jeeig = conduit, cut, ditch, drain, gully, put, trench, waterway, sewer
jeeigagh = ditched
jeeigit = ditched, drained

Etymology: unknown.

Irish (Gaeilge) fos = prop, buttress, wall
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) fos [fɔs] = ditch, wall, buttress (archaic)
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) fos, foss = ditch, dike
Welsh (Cymraeg) ffos [fɔs] = ditch, dike, gutter, moat, trench, furrow, groove, pit
ffos(i)af, ffosi(o) = to ditch, trench, furrow, chamfer
ffosedig = trenched, moated, furrowed, lined
ffos gaeedig = drain
ffos y clawdd, ffos glawdd = roadside ditch
ffos ddyfrio conduit
ffos melin, ffos y felin = mill-race
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) fos = ditch, moat, trench, intrenchment, wall
Cornish (Kernewek) fos = wall
paper fos = wallpaper
toll y’n fos = cash dispenser, ATM (“hole in the wall”)
Middle Breton (Brezonec) fos, foss, fôs = ditch, gap, pit, (river) bed
Breton (Brezhoneg) foz = ditch, gap, sand trap
foz disac’hañ = rift (valley), collapsed ditch
foz-kronniañ = holding tank, retention pit

Etymology: from the Latin fossa (ditch, trench, moat, gutter, furrow), from fossa terra (dug-up earth) [source].

Proto-Celtic *kʷantyos = flat hill, valley
Old Irish (Goídelc) céite = hill, mound, race-course, assembly
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) céide, céite = hill, mound, eminence, open space
Irish (Gaeilge) céide [ˈlʲɛtʲəɾʲ/ˈl̠ʲɛtʲəɾʲ] = flat-topped hill, place of assembly
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) cèide = market, fair, green, hillock
Pictish ᚘᚐᚅᚈ = hollow
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) pant = hollow, depression, valley, dent
Welsh (Cymraeg) pant [pant] = hollow, depression, valley, dent
pant (y) llaw = palm of the hand
pant a thalar = hilla and dale, everywhere
pantiad = hollow, depression
pant(i)af, pantio, pantu = to be(come) hollow, make an impression, sink (in the middle)
pant(i)og = hollow, sunken, uneven, holed, sinking, sagging, concave
pantir = dale-land, valley-bottom, lowland
pantlawr = uneven/concave floor
pantlle = hollow, dell, small valley, place full of hollows
Cornish (Kernewek) pans = dell, dingle, hollow
Old Breton pantet = curved, curve
Middle Breton (Brezonec) pant = curved, curve, bend
Breton (Brezhoneg) pant = slope, hillside

Etymology: possibly from the PIE *kwem-t (hill)

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic