Words for satisfaction, pleasure, gratitude and related things in Celtic languages.
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
| Proto-Celtic | *bodyā = satisfaction, pleasure |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | buide [buːa̯ðʲ] = benefit, gift, profit, quality, triumph, victory, virtue búadach = gifted, triumphant, victorious |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | buide, buidhe = good-will, favour, gratification, gratitude, thanks, grateful, gratified, glad buidech, buidheach = well-disposed, pleased, satisfied, sated, grateful, thankful, pleasing, gratifying, pleasant buidechus, buidheachas = ripeness, thanks |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | buí [bˠiː/bˠiə] = victory, truimph; gift, talent; virtue merit; special quality buíoch = thankful, pleased, satisfied buíochas = thanks, gratitude buíochasaigh = to thank |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | buidhe [bujə] = gratitude, gratification, thanks, glad, grateful, fortunate, lucky buaidheach [bujəx] = grateful, thankful, satisfied, content, sated, fed up buaidheachas [bujəxəs] = gratitude, thanks, thanksgiving, acknowledgement (of an achievement) buaidheach = victorious, effective |
| Manx (Gaelg) | booise = gratitude, thanks, to content, please bwooisagh = thankful bwooisal = gratitude, pleasing, thankful booisal = acceptable, obliged, pleasing, thankful cur bwooise da = to thank |
| Proto-Brythonic | *boð = (?) |
| Old Welsh (Kembraec) | bódláún = contented, satisfied, pleased |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | bod, bot, bodd = liking, contentment, satisfaction, favour, pleasure bodhgar = satisfying, pleasing, agreeable, pleasant boddhan = to satisfy, make contented, please, gratify, be contented botlaỽn, bodlavn, bodlawn = contented, satisfied, pleased |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | bodd [boːð] = liking, contentment, satisfaction, favour, pleasure, wish, desire, will, goodwill, approval, consent, permission boddgar = satisfying, pleasing, agreeable, pleasant, enticing, easily satisfied or pleased, contented boddgarwch = pleasure, agreeableness, delight, easiness to satisfy or please, contentment boddhad = satisfaction, contentment, pleasure, enjoyment, agreeableness, delight, atonement, willingness, complacency boddhadau = to satisfy, make contented, please, gratify, be contented boddio = to satisfy, please, make contented, be satisfied bodlon [ˈbɔdlɔn] = contented, satisfied, pleased |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | bodh, bôdh = will, good pleasure |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | bodh = consent, will, wish bodhegi = to volunteer bodhek, bodheges = volunteer, voluntary, willing bodhel = consensual |
| Old Breton | bod = satisfaction, contentment |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | boz = satisfaction, contentment (rare) bozek = satisfied bozleun = satisfied, full of satisfaction |
Etymology: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *bʰed- (to improve, make better), or from PIE *bʰewdʰ- (to be awake, to be aware) [source]. Words from the same PIE root include bet, better and boot in English, besser (better) in German, betur (better) in Icelandic, and baat (profit, advantage) in Dutch [source].
| Proto-Celtic | *sātis = sufficiency, fill *sāssāti = to satisfy |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | sáth [ˈsaːθ] = sufficiency, fill (of food) sásaid [ˈsaː.səðʲ] = to satisfy |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | sáith, sáth = sufficency, as much as one requires, fill (of food), customary meal, appetite sásaigid = to satisfy |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | sáith [sˠɑː / sˠaːç] = food, (full) meal, feed, fill, sufficiency, enough sáithigh = to sate, satiate, saturate sáithithech = saturating sáithiú = satiety, saturation sásaigh = to satisfy, please; (literary) to sate (hunger), to quench (thirst) |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | sàth [saː] = plenty, abundance, fill sàthach [saː.əx] = satiated person, bellyful, plenty, enough, filling, satiating sàthachd [saː.əxg] = saturation sàthaichte = sated, saturated sàsach [saːsəx] = grasping, fastening, satiating, satisfying; glutton sàsaich [saːsɪç] = satisfy, content, satiate, redress (in law) sàsaichte [saːsɪçdʲə] = satisfied, contented, satiated |
| Manx (Gaelg) | saie = satiety, fill, satisfaction replete saieid = satiety, repletion, glut saieys = satiety, repletion, sufficiency saieagh = satiating saasaghey = to satisfy, contrive, remedy |
Etymology: from PIE *seh₂- (to satiate, satisfy) [source 1, source 2]. Words from the same roots include sad, to satiate, satiated, satisfy and asset in English, zat (fed up, drunk, sated, full) in Dutch, satt (satiated, full, done, fed up) in German, sāts (moderation, satiety, fill) in Latvian, syty (satiated, full, filling, rich) in Polish, satisfaire (to satisfy, pay) in French [source].
Sources: Wiktionary, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, Teanglann.ie, Am Faclair Beag, An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Online Manx Dictionary, Gaelg Corpus, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall, Gerlyver Kernewek, Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton, Geriafurch, TermOfis