Words for augur and related things in Celtic languages.
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
| Proto-Celtic | *taratrom = auger |
|---|---|
| Gaulish | taratron = auger |
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | tarathar = auger |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | tarathar = auger |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | tarathar = auger tarathraigh = to bore with an auger |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | tora [tɔrə] = auger, gimble, gimlet torach [tɔrəx] = pertaining to or abounding in augers / gimbles / gimlets torachair [tɔrəxɪrʲ] = auger, gimble, gimlet torachan [tɔrəxan] = small auger / gimble tarachair† = gimlet, auger |
| Manx (Gaelg) | tarrar = drill tarrarey = to drill, drilling |
| Proto-Brythonic | *taradr [taˈradr̩] = auger, borer, drill |
| Old Welsh (Kembraec) | tarater = auger, drill, borer |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | tarader, taradyr, taradr = auger, drill, borer |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | taradr [ˈtaradr] = auger, drill, borer, awl, gimlet, trepan taradru = to bore with an auger, drill, pierce tarad(r) y coed = woodpecker |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | tardar, tarad = auger, borer, whimble tardha, tardhe = to pervade, break out, emanate, penetrate, bore, pierce |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | tarder = drill tardra = to bore, drill, tap |
| Middle Breton (Brezonec) | tarazr, talazr = auger |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | tarar [ˈtɑː.rar] = augur, chignole (a hand drill), shipworm (mollusk) tararer [ta.ʁa.ʁe] = to pass a cereal through a sieve tarzhañ = to burst, break, hatch, pierce, emerge, die (of thirst), warp |
Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *térh₁trom (tool for drilling), from *terh₁- (to rub, turn, drill, pierce) [source].
Words from the same Celtic roots, via Gaulish taratron (auger) and Late Latin taratrum, possibly include taraire in Occitan, taradre (to bore) in Catalan, trade (auger) in Galician, taladro (drill) in Spanish, tarière (auger) in French, tarader (drill) in Romansch [source].
Words from the same PIE roots include thread, thresh, trout and throw in English, settentrione (north) in Italian, třít (to rub) in Czech, and drehen (to turn) in German [source].
| Irish (Gaeilge) | druil = drill druilchéachta = drill-plough druileáil = drilling, to drill druileálaí = drill-maker, drill-master druilire láimhe = hand-drill |
|---|---|
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | dril(e) [dril(ə)] = drill dril(g)eadh [driləɣ] = drilling, drill plaosgach [pl̪ˠɯːsgəx] = shelled, husky, shelly |
| Manx (Gaelg) | drillal = to drill drilley = drill drilleyder = drill |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | drill = drill dril, drul, trul = drill, small furrow, machine for sowing seed in drills drillio = to drill, bore, subject to discipline |
Etymology: from English drill, from drillen (to bore, move in a circle in Middle Dutch, from Old Dutch *thrillen, from Proto-Germanic *þriljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ter- (through, over) [source].
Words from the same PIE roots include thrill in English and drillen (to drill, domineer) in Dutch [source].
Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic
