Blessings

Words for blessing, benediction and related things in Celtic languages.

Benediction

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *bendixtyū = blessing, benediction
Old Irish (Goídelc) bendacht [ˈbʲen͈daxt] = blessing, benediction
bennachaid = to bless, greet
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) bennacht, bendacht, beandacht = blessing
bennach = act of blessing, a blessing
bennachaid [ˈbʲen͈axɨðʲ] = to bless
Irish (Gaeilge) beannacht [bʲəˈn̪ˠaxt̪ˠ / ˈbʲan̪ˠəxt̪ˠ / ˈbʲan̪ˠa(h)t̪ˠ] = blessing, benediction
beannachtach = (act of) calling down blessings, blessed, benign, prosperous
beannaigh = to bless, greet
beannaíocht = piety, sanctimony
beannaithe = blessed, holy
beannaitheach = beatific
beannaitheacht = beatitude
slán agus beannacht = goodbye and God bless
beir beannacht = best wishes
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) beannachd [bjan̪ˠəxg] = blessing, compliments
beannachd leat/leibh = goodbye
beannaich [bjan̪ʲɪçʲ] = bless you! (when sneezing)
leis na beannachdan = with best wishes
Manx (Gaelg) bannaght = blessing, greeting, compliments, salute
bannaght ayd/eu = cheerio, adieu
bannaghey = to bless, greet, salute, send off
bannaghtagh = benedictory, blessing, greeter
bannee = to bless, holy, saintly, blessed
Proto-Brythonic *bendɨxθ / *bendiθ = blessing
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) bendith = blessing
bendithio = blessing
Welsh (Cymraeg) bendith [ˈbɛndɪθ] = blessing, benediction, blessedness, boon, godsend, bliss, grace, praise, thanks
bendith(i)af, bendith(i)o = to bless, consecrate, say grace, praise, glorify, thank
bendithiad = the act of blessing, benediction, a blessing
bendithiol = full of blessings, beneficial
bendithiwr, bendithydd = blesser
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) bennath, benneth, banneth = blessing
Cornish (Kernewek) bennath, bednath = blessing
benyga = to bless
benygys = blessed, hallowed
Middle Breton (Brezonec) bennoez, bennoz = blessing, benediction
Breton (Brezhoneg) bennozh [ˈbɛnːos] = blessing, benediction, thanks
bennigañ [bɛˈniːɡã] = to bless
bennigadenn = blessing, benediction

Etymology: from Latin benedictiō (blessing, benediction, extolling, praising), from benedicō (to speak well of sb, commend, bless, praise), from bene (well) *dīcō (speak)[source].

From the same roots we get words such as bension (blessing, benediction) and benediction in English, bénédiction (blessing, benediction) in French, and bendición (blessing) in Spanish [source].

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Central Hearts

Words for heart, core, centre and related things in Celtic languages.

calon /  heart

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *kridyom = heart, centre, focus, love, dear one, valour
Old Irish (Goídelc) cride [ˈkʲrʲiðʲe] = heart,
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) cride = heart, centre, middle part, focus, affection, love, dear one, valour
cridecán = little heart, heartlet (term of endearment)
cridech = stout-headed
cridechair = benign, kind, beloved
cridemail = hearty, courageous, kind
cridén = dear one, heartlet (term of endearment)
cridenas = heart-trembling, fright and terror
cridiscél = moving tale, special wish, darling
Irish (Gaeilge) croí [kɾˠiː] = heart
croíán = gallant, playboy
croíbhriseadh = heart-break
croíbhriste = heart-broken, heart-breaking
croíbhrú = contrition
croídín = cuddle, little darling
croíléis = light-heartedness, merriment, sport
croíléiseach = light-hearted, merry, sportive
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) cridhe [krʲi.ə] = heart, courage, centre, middle
cridheachan [krʲi.əxan] = small heart, chest brooch
cridhealas [krʲi.əl̪ˠəs] = cheerfulness, hilarity, gaiety,jollity
cridhean [krʲi.an] = small heart, gallant
cridheil [krʲi.al] = cheerful, hearty, jolly
cridhe briste = broken heart, broken spirit
cridhe-leòn = heartache
cridhe teòma = a tender heart
Manx (Gaelg) cree [kriː] = heart, hub, core, centre
creeoil = cheerful, hearty, inspiring, courage
cree brisht = bleeding heart, heartbroken
cree cloaie = hardhearted, stony, heart
y chree = dearest, my heart, my sweetheart
Proto-Brythonic *krėð = (?)
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) craidd = centre, middle, heart
Welsh (Cymraeg) craidd [krai̯ð] = centre, middle, heart, kernel, essence
craidd disgyrchiad, craidd disgyrchiant = centre of gravity
pwnc craidd = core subject
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) cres, crês, creys = middle, centre, midst, heart
Cornish (Kernewek) kres = centre, middle, waist
kresnna, kresedna = to centralise
kresek = average, medium
kresel = central
kresen = centre
kresfoesik = centrifugal
kreshwilus = centripetal
kresosel = medieval
kresvorek = Mediterranean
Middle Breton (Brezonec) creis, creiz, crais = centre, middle
creisen = centre, central
craisnos, crei-nos, creiss-noss = midnight, north
Breton (Brezhoneg) kreiz [ˈkrɛjs] = centre, middle
kreiznoz = midnight, north
kreisteiz [krɛjs.ˈtɛjs] = noon, south
kreizenn [ˈkrɛj.zɛn] = centre, central
kreizennañ [krɛjˈzɛ.nːã] = centraliser
kreiz-kêr [krɛjsˈkɛːr] = town/city centre

Etymology: from PIE *ḱr̥d- from *ḱḗr (heart) [source]. Words from the same roots include heart and cardiac in English, cor (heart) in Spanish, srdce (heart) in Czech and sirds (heart) in Latvian [source].

Proto-Celtic *kalwond- = heart
Proto-Brythonic *kalwon = (?)
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) callon, kallon = heart, bosom, breast
gallondit, kalondit = courage, bravery, fortitude
kallonni = to hearten, encourage, comfort
callonnyawc, callonawc, calonnawg, kylonog = valiant, courageous
Welsh (Cymraeg) calon [ˈkalɔn] = heart, bosom, breast, womb matrix, belly, entrails, centre, pith, core, essence, spirit, thought, intent, courage, confidence
calondid = courage, bravery, fortitude, magnanimity, willingness, generosity, gentleness, mercy
calonnaf, calonni = to hearten, encourage, comfort
calonnog = valiant, courageous, plucky, hearty, willing, ready, enthusiastic, sincere, genuine
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) calon = heart
Cornish (Kernewek) kolon = heart
kolonekter = courage, valour
kolonnek, kolodnek = brave, cordial, courageous, fearless, hearty, kindly, genuine, sincere, truthful
kolonnen = core
Middle Breton (Brezonec) calon = heart
Breton (Brezhoneg) kalon [ˈkɑː.lɔ̃n] = heart, soul, courage, chest, stomach, kindness
kalonad = heartache
kaloneg = cordial, courageous, warm, valiant
kalonegezh [ka.lɔ̃.ˈnɛː.ɡɛs] = cordiality, courage, encouragement
kalonek [ka.ˈlɔ̃ː.nɛk] = courageous, cordial, warm
kalonekaat [ka.lɔ̃.ne.ˈkɑːt] = to encourage
kalonenn = core, centre
kalonour [kaˈlɔ̃ː.nur] = cardiologist
kalonus = fortifying

Etymology: unknown, possibly related to colwedd (breast, heart) and/or coludd (bowels, intestines, guts) in Welsh [source].

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Colourful Hues

Words for colour, hue, pigment and related colours in Celtic languages.

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Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *līwos = colour
Gaulish *lios = colour
Old Irish (Goídelc) [ˈtane] = lustre, beauty
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) lí, li = beauty, lustre, glory, complexion, slendour, appearance, pallor
Irish (Gaeilge) [l̠ʲiː] = colour, complexion, lustre, sheen, pigment(ation)
líú = (act of) colouring, painting
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) [l̪ʲiː] = paint, colour, tinge, hue, complexion, properity, happiness
lìth [l̪ʲiː] = lustre, gloss, splendour, complexion, hue
lìtheach [l̪ʲiː] = greasy, slimy,slippery
Manx (Gaelg) lhee = pigment, pigmentation
Proto-Brythonic *lliw = colour
Old Welsh liu = colour, hue
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) llyu, lliw, lliỽ, llyw = colour,hue
lliwyav, lliwaw = to colour, paint, dye
lliỽyd, lliwyd = dyer, colourer, painter
Welsh (Cymraeg) lliw [ɬɪu̯] = colour, hue, tint, complexion, countenance, colouring
lliwddall = colourbind
lliwgar = colourful, vivid, beautiful, handsome
lliw(i)af, lliw(i)o = to colour, tinge, paint, dye
lliw(i)og = coloured, tinted, dyed, painted
lliwydd = dyer, colourer, painter
Old Cornish liu = colour
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) liu, lyw = colour, dye, hue
liue = to colour, paint
liuor = painter, dyer
Cornish (Kernewek) liw = colour,dye, paint
liwa = to colour, dye, paint
liwans = painting
liwus = colourful
liwayans = painting, picture
liways = coloured, dye
Old Breton (Brethonoc) liu = colour, ink, dyed
Middle Breton (Brezonec) liu, liou = colour, ink, dyed
liuaff = to colour, dye, paint
Breton (Brezhoneg) liv [liw] = colour, ink, paint, dyed
livañ [ˈliː.vã] = to colour, dye, paint, depict
livek [ˈliːvek] = coloured
liver, livour [ˈliː.vɛr/ˈli.wːər] = painter, colourist
livus [ˈliːvys] = dye, picturesque

Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *slih₂-wó-s from *(s)leh₃y- (blueish, plum-coloured) and *-wós (creates adjectives from verb stems) [source]. Words from the same PIE roots include livid, lurid and sloe in English, slíva (plum) in Czech, and possibly lloer (moon) in Welsh, loor (moon) in Cornish and loar (moon) in Breton [source].

Old Irish (Goídelc) dath [daθ] = colour, dye
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) dath = colour, dye, hue, tint, complexion
dathach = coloured
dathaid, daithaigid = colours, dyes, stains
dathamail = coloured, fine, handsome, beautiful, comely, graceful
dathugud = colouring, dyeing, painting
Irish (Gaeilge) dath [d̪ˠax/d̪ˠɑh/d̪ˠah] = colour, dye
dathach = coloured
dathadóir = colourist, dyer, painter, exaggerator, fictionist
dathadóireacht = (act of) dyeing, painting
dathaigh = to colour,dye, paint
dathannach = multi-coloured, gaily-coloured, colourful, glowing
dathdhall = colour-blind
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) dath [dah] = colour, colouring, dye, pigment, dying, hue, tint, staining, suit (of cards)
dathach [dahəx] = coloured, colourful
dathachadh [dahəxəɣ] = colourising, dyeing, staining
dathadair [dahədɪrʲ] = dyer, colourist
dathail [dahal] = colourful
dathte [dahdʲə] = coloured
Manx (Gaelg) daah = colour, dye, hue, paint, pigment, singe, stain, tincture
daahagh = coloured, stainable
daahder = colourer, colourist, dyer, exaggerator, painter
daahit = coloured, dyed, painted, pigmented, stained
daahoil = colourful, picturesque, well-coloured

Etymology: unknown [source].

Old Irish (Goídelc) gné = appearance, form, kind, sort, species
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) gné = kind, species, appearance, form, way, manner
Irish (Gaeilge) gné [ɟnʲeː/ɟɾʲeː] = species, kind, form, appearance
gnéitheach = specific, of good appearance
gnétheacht = specificity
gnéthigh = to regain appearance, mend
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) gnè [grʲɛ̃ː] = sex, gender, genre, kind, sort, temper, disposition, genus, species
gnè-fhàs [grɛ͂ː aːs] = evolution
gnè-eòlas = typology
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) gne = colour, tint, hue, sight, aspect
gorne = colour, hue, tint
Welsh (Cymraeg) gne = colour, tint, hue, sight, aspect
agne = colour, tincture
gorne = colour, hue, tint, tincture, blush, brightness, appearance, aspect

Etymology: from PIE *ǵenh₁- (to produce, beget, give birth) [source]. Words from the same roots include gender, general, generate, genius and germ in English [source].

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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Thin & Slender

Words for thin, slender and related things in Celtic languages.

The Spire of Dublin.

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *tanauyos = thin
Old Irish (Goídelc) tana [ˈtane] = thin, slender
tanacht = thinness
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) tana = thin, slender, narrow, shallow, sparse, scanty, scattered
tanacht = thinness, tenuity, shallowness
tanaide = subtle, abstract, thin, slender
tanaigid = to thin (out), dilute
Irish (Gaeilge) tanaí [t̪ˠəˈn̪ˠiː / ˈt̪ˠan̪ˠiː] = thin, shallow
tanaigh = to thin, slim
tanaíochan = thinning
tanaíocht = thinness, sparseness, flimsiness
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) tana [tanə] = lean, slender, slim, thin, gaunt, skinny, shallow, flimsy
tanalachd [tanəl̪ˠəxg] = shallows, shallowness
tanach [tanəx] = narrow, slender
tanachadh [tanəxəɣ] = thinning, makeing thinner, diluting
tainead [tanəd] = degree of thinness
tanlach [tanəl̪ˠəx] = shallow water, shallows, shoal, thin soil, epidermis
tanachd [tanəxg] = thinness
tanaichte [tanɪçdʲə] = diluted, thinned
Manx (Gaelg) thanney = thin, watery, weak, flimsy, rare, shallow, slender, slim
thannaghey = to dilute, liquefy, rarefy, reduce
thannid = thinness, shallowness, leanness
Proto-Brythonic *tanẹw = thin
Old Welsh teneu = thin, slender, slim
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) tenev, tenau, teneu = thin, slender, slim, flat, sparse, rare, tenuous, liquid, runny
teneir = to make or become thin(ner)
teneuder = thinness, leanness, slenderness
Welsh (Cymraeg) tenau [ˈtɛnaɨ̯ / ˈteːnai̯] = thin, slender, watery, thin, scarce, rare
teneuaf, teneuo = to make or become thin(ner), lose weight, slim, dwindle, thin, dilute, water down
teneuder = thinness, leanness, slenderness, rareness, scarcity, keenness
teneudra = thinness, leanness, slenderness
teneuedig = thin, thinned, diluted, depleted, rarefied
teneuwr = dieter, weight-watcher, slimmer
Old Cornish tenewen = thin
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) tanow, tanaw = thin, slim, slender, lean, few, scarce
tanowder = thinness, scantiness, scarcity
Cornish (Kernewek) tanow = flimsy, lean, rare, scarce, sparse, tenuous, thin
tanowder = rarity, scarcity, thinness
tanowhe = to thin out
Middle Breton (Brezonec) tanau, tano = thin, fine
Breton (Brezhoneg) tanav [ˈtãː.naw / ˈtãː.no] = thin, fine, fluid, rare, hypocritical
tanavaat = (to be) refined, (to be) rarefied, to liquefy, dilute, weed & clear, cut (bread for soup)
tanavded = tenuity, liquidity
tanavder = tenuity, decay
tanavenn = thin place (in fabric), sparse, liquid, emaciated, hypocritical

Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *ténh₂us (thin), from *tenh₂- (to stretch) [source]. Words from the same PIE roots include thin and tenuous in English, tenú (tenuous, thin, slender) in French, dünn (thin, slender, slim) in German, and tenký (thin) in Czech [source].

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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