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Are the words plain, plane and plan related? Let’s find out in this Adventure in Etymology.
Plain [pleɪn] as an adjective can mean:
- Simple, unaltered, ordinary, unsophisticated.
- Obvious, evident.
- Open, honest, candid.
- Unattractive
- Flat, level (rare, regional)
It comes from Middle English pleyn (clear, unambiguous), from Anglo-Norman pleyn (plain), from Old French plain (plain [flat area]), from Latin plānus (level, flat, even, intelligible, clear), from Proto-Italic *plānos, from PIE *pleh₂-no-s (flattened) from *pleh₂- (flat) [source].
As a noun, plain can mean:
- An expanse of land with relatively low relief and few trees, especially a grassy expanse.
- A broad, flat expanse in general, as of water.
This comes from the same roots as the adjective plain, but directly from Old French plain [source].
Words from the same roots include plane (flat surface), explain, plan, palm, piano, floor, flat and maybe plant and field in English, plan (map, plane, plan) in French, llano (even, flat, level, plain) in Spanish, flor (thin, transparent fabric) in Swedish, and llawr (floor, deck, stage, platform, cellar, ground) in Welsh [source].
The word clan (a group of people all descended from a common ancestor; a traditional social group of families in the Scottish Highlands having a common hereditary chieftain) possibly comes from the same roots via Irish clann (children, clan) or Scottish Gaelic clann (children, clan, tribe), both of which are from Old Irish cland (children, family, plant), from Old Welsh plant (children), from Latin planta (shoot, offspring), from PIE *pleh₂- (flat).
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I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the Omniglot Blog, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the Celtiadur blog.
