Stormy Weather

Words for storm and related things in Celtic languages.

Gleann Cholm Cille

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *sīnā = weather
Old Irish (Goídelc) sín [ˈsʲiːn/ˈsʲiːnʲ] = storm, tempest, (bad) weather
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) sín = bad weather, storm, weather, season, circumstances, atmosphere, attitude
Irish (Gaeilge) síon = weather (usually bad, stormy)
síonra = atmospheric agencies, elements
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) sian [ʃiən] = violent weather, the elements, whizzing sound, squall, shriek
sianach [ʃiənəx] = stormy, squally, shrieking
sianail = (act of) shrieking, yelling
siantach [ʃiən̪ˠdəx] = pertaining to generally bad weather
marcach-siana = spindrift (spray coming off stormy sea), undulating (sheets of) rain
uisge nan seachd sian = almighty downpour, cloudburst, deluge, rainstorm
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) hin = (bad) weather, air
hinda, hindda = dry/fine/fair weather
hinon = (fair) weather, dry weather, sunshine
hinoni = to become fine, clear up, bask in the sun
Welsh (Cymraeg) hin = (bad) weather, air
hindreuliad = a weathering
hindreuliaf, hindreulio = to weather
hindda = dry/fine/fair weather
hinddanaf, hinddanu = to become fine, clear up (of weather)
hinfynag, = barometer
hinon = (fair) weather, dry weather, sunshine
hinonaf, hinoni = to become fine, clear up, bask in the sun
hinsawdd = climate
Cornish (Kernewek) hin = climate
hinek = climatic
Middle Breton (Brezonec) hynon = serene, clear weather
Breton (Brezhoneg) hin = climate
hinon = serene, serenity
hinoniñ = to have a peaceful time

Etymology: possibly related to Proto-Celtic *sīniti (to stretch, extend), from *sīros (long), from PIE *seh₁- (long, lasting), or *temp- (to stretch) [source].

Old Irish (Goídelc) anfud = tempest, storm
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) anbod, anfud = tempest, storm, turbulence, fury, rage
anfadach = stormy, perturbed, agitated
Irish (Gaeilge) anfa [ˈanˠəfˠə] =storm, tempest
anfach = stormy, rough, tempestuous
anfacht = storminess

Etymology: unknown [source].

Old Irish (Goídelc) doinenn = stormy weather, tempest
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) doinenn = foul or stormy weather, tempest
doinennta = stormy, tempestuous, inclement
Irish (Gaeilge) doineann [ˈd̪ˠɪn̠ʲən̪ˠ] = stormy weather, storm. wintriness, cheerlessness
doineanta = stormy, wild, inclement (weather), wintry, cheerless (person)
doineantach = cheerless, cold-mannered, person; gloomy old man
doineantacht = storminess, inclemency (weather), wintriness, cheerlessness (demeanour)
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) doineann [dɤn̪ʲan̪ˠ] = storm, tempest
doineannach [dɔn̪ʲən̪ˠəx] = stormy
doireannach [dɔrʲən̪ˠəx] = stormy
Manx (Gaelg) dorrin = storm, tempest
dorrinagh = stormy, tempestuous
dorrinys = storminess, tempestuousness, raging

Etymology: unknown [source].

Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) stoirm = storm
Irish (Gaeilge) stoirm [ˈsˠt̪ˠɪɾʲəmʲ] = storm, bluster, rage
stoirmeach = stormy, tempestuous
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) stoirm [sdɤrʲɤm] = storm
stoirmeil [sdɤrʲɤmal] = stormy
Manx (Gaelg) sterrym = storm
sterrymagh = stormy
sterrymid = storminess
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) ystorm, ystorym = storm, tempest
Welsh (Cymraeg) (y)storm = storm, tempest
(y)stormio = to become stormy, bluster, rain heavily, rant, scold
(y)stormus = stormy, tempestuous, turbulent, boisterous

Etymology: from Middle English storm (storm, dispute, brawl, fight), from Old English storm (storm), from Proto-West-Germanic *sturm (storm), from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz (storm), from PIE *(s)twerH- (to stir up, agitate, urge on, propel) [source].

Middle Welsh (Kymraec) tywyd = weather
Welsh (Cymraeg) tywydd [ˈtəu̯.ɨ̞ð / ˈtəu̯.ɪð] = weather, bad or stormy weather
tywyddiant = meterology
tywyddol = pertaining to the weather
Cornish (Kernewek) tewedh = storm
tewedha = to weather

Etymology: unknown

More about words for weather (and time) in Celtic languages.

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

Frosty Ice

Words for frost, ice, cold and related words in Celtic languages.

A cold and frosty morning / Bore oer a rhewllyd

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos = frost
Old Irish (Goídelc) réúd [r͈ʲeːu̯ð] = frost
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) reód = frost
Irish (Gaeilge) reo [ɾˠoː / ɾˠɔː] = frost
reodóg = icicle
reoigh = to freeze, congeal, solidify
reoiteach = frosty, chilling
reoiteacht = frostiness
reoiteog, uachtar reoite = ice cream
reomhar = frigid
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) reòth [r̪ˠɔː] = frost, freeze, become frozen, congeal
reòite [r̪ˠɔːdʲə] = frozen, frosty, icy
reòthtach [r̪ˠɔːhdəx] = freezing, frosty
reòthadh = freeze
reòthadair [r̪ˠɔ.ədɪrʲ] = deep-freeze, freezer
stob reòta, caisean-reòta, boidean-reòthaidh = icicle
Manx (Gaelg) rio = frost, freezing, ice
riojey = to freeze, ice up
rioeeagh = freezing, frosty
rioeeaght = frostiness
rioghar, bwoid rioee, kibbin rioee = icicle
riojag, key riojey, key riojit = ice-cream
rio-stroo, awin rioee = glacier
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) rew, reo, rev = frost
rewlyt, rewlyd, rewllid = icy, freezing, frozen
Welsh (Cymraeg) rhew [r̥eːu̯ / r̥ɛu̯] = (hoar-) frost, ice
rhewaidd = freezing, frosty, icy
rhewedig = frozen, icy, extremely cold
rhewi = to freeze, preserve; anaesthetize, make numb
rhewiadur = refrigerator
rhewin = frosty weather
rhewllyd, rhewlyd = icy, freezing, frozen, very cold, frigid
rhew bargod = icicle
rhew du = black ice
gwŷn rhew = frost-bite
rhedlif rhew = glacier
Old Cornish reu = ice, frost
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) rew, reu = frost, ice
Cornish (Kernewek) rew = ice, frost
rewer = freezer
rewi = to freeze
rewys = frozen
downrewi = deep-freeze, freezer
dehen rew = ice cream
furvell rew = ice tray
kub rew = ice cube
skes rew = ice skate
Middle Breton (Brezonec) reau, reo, réau, rëu = frost, frozen
Breton (Brezhoneg) rev = frost, freezing, freeze
rev du = black ice
rev noz = night frost

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *prews- (to freeze, frost), which is also the root of the word frost in English [source].

Ice cave on Franz Josef Glacier

Proto-Celtic *yegis = ice
Old Irish (Goídelc) aigred = ice
aigretta = icy, frozen
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) aig = ice
aigide = icy
Irish (Gaeilge) oighear [əiɾʲ] = ice
oighear dubh = black ice
oighreach = glacial
leac oighir = (sheet of) ice
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) eigh [ej] = ice
eigh-bheinn = iceberg
eigh-shruth = glacier
leac-eighe = ice-floe
linn-eighe = ice age
pac-eigh = pack ice
taigh-eighe = ice house
Proto-Brythonic *jaɣ = ice
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) ia, ya = ice, frost
Welsh (Cymraeg) [jaː] = ice, (hoar-) frost
iaaidd = glacical, icy
iaënnol = glacical, icy
iaeth, iaaeth = iciness, frost, cold, severe winter weather
ialyd = icy, freezing, very cold
iaog = icy, freezing, frozen
iain = very cold, freezing, icy
Old Cornish iein = ice
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) iein, iên, yein, yeyn, yên = cold (as ice), frigid
ieinder, iender, yender, yeinder = frigidity, coolness
Cornish (Kernewek) yey = ice
yeyn = cold
yeynder = cold
yeynell, yeyner = fridge
yeynhe = to chill, become cold
Middle Breton (Brezoneg) yen = cold
Breton (Brezhoneg) yen = cold
yenaat = to cool down, relax
yenadur = coolness, cooling, chill
yenañ = to cool, refrigerate, detach
yender = cold, coolness

Etymology from the Proto-Indo-European *h₁yeg- (ice, frost), which is also the root of the English word icicle [source].

Proto-Celtic *ougros = cold
Gaulish Ogronnios = personal name
Old Irish (Goídelc) úar [uːa̯rʲ] = cold
úacht = cold, coldness
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) úar = cold, cool. refreshing, unfriendly
ind(ḟ)úar = very cold, chilly, cool, refreshing, pleasing, entertaining
úacht, ócht, ocht = cold, coldness, numbness
Irish (Gaeilge) fuar [fˠuəɾˠ] = cold, apathetic, raw, uncooked
fuaraigh = to cool, make cold, chill, relieve, pass (away)
fuaráil = coolness, indifference, reserve
fuaraíocht = coldness, chilliness
fuarálach = cold, indifferent, reserved
fuacht = cold, chill, apathy
fuachtán = chilblain
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) fuar [fuər] = cold
fuarachd [fuərəxg] = coldness, chilliness, chilblain, mildew, dampness
fuarachdainn [fuərəxgɪn̪ʲ] = cooling, easing, relieving
fuaradair [fuərədɪrʲ] = fridge, refrigerator
fuaraichte [fuərɪçdʲə] = cooled, refrigerated, eased, relieved
fuarail [fuəral] = chilly, chilling
fuaralachd [fuərəl̪ˠəxg] = coldness, frigidity
Manx (Gaelg) feayr = chill, cold, cool, frigid, frosty, ice, distant (of person)
feayght = chill, cold, exposure
feayraghey = chill, cool, refrigerate, alienation
feayraght = chill, cold, coldness
feayrit = chilled, cooled, refrigerated
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) oir, oer = cold, cool
oerai, oeri = to make/become/grow cold or cool
oyrder = cold(ness), cool(ness), chill, indifference, apathy
oered = coldness, chill
oervel, oeruel = cold(ness), chill
Welsh (Cymraeg) oer [jaː] = cold, cool, sad, dejected, miserable, coldness, child, cold vegetables, fruit and salad
oeraf, oeri = to make/become/grow cold or cool, lose zeal, become depressed
oeraidd = rater cold, coolish, coldish, chilly, unenthusiastic, apathetic, indifferent
oerder = cold(ness), cool(ness), chill, indifference, apathy
oeredd = coldness, chill
oerfa = cool place, shade
oerfel = cold(ness), chill
oergell = refrigerator, freezer, cold cell
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) oir = cold, frigid
Cornish (Kernewek) oor = bitterly cold, glacial, icy

Etymology from the Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewǵ- (cold), which is also the root of the Lithuanian word aušti (cold) [source].

Another word for ice in Breton is skorn – etymology unknown.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Gerlyvyr Cernewec, Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Geriafurch, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

Cloudy Mist

Words for clouds and mist in Celtic languages.

Clouds

Words for cloud, mist and fog in Proto-Celtic:

  • *moudo, *neglo = cloud
  • *dumāko = mist
  • *dengwo = mist, smoke
  • *kewok / kiw-o- = fog
Old Irish (Goídelc) nél [n͈ʲeːl] = cloud
Irish (Gaeilge) néal [n̠ʲeːlˠ] = cloud; depression; fit, spasm; nap, snooze; dazed condition; swoon, trance
néaladóir = cloud-watcher, weather observer; look-out man; furtive person, sneak, spy
néaladóireacht = cloud-watching, weather-reading; sneaking, snooping, around, prying furtively, spying
néalmhar = nebulous, nebular; clouded, gloomy; sleepy
néaltach = cloudy
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) neul [n̪ʲial̪ˠ] = cloud; hue, complexion; swoon, fainting fit
neulach = cloudy, nebulous; obscure; ghostly, sickly
neulag = small cloud; slow women, dimwit
Manx (Gaelg) niaul = cloud
neeal = cloud, nebula, swoon, nap, ashen (colour), faint
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) nywl = mist, fog, haze
nywlawc [nɪu̯l] = foggy, misty
Welsh (Cymraeg) niwl [nɪu̯l] = fog, mist, vapour, haze, cloud(s), obscured eyesight
niwlen = (thin) mist, patch of mist or haze, cloudy film, cloudiness, cataract
niwlio = to be(come)/make misty, foggy or cloudy
niwlog [ˈnɪu̯lɔɡ] = foggy, misty
Cornish (Kernewek) niwl = fog, haze, mist
niwlek = misty, hazy, vague
niwlvlok = smog
Breton (Brezhoneg) nivlenn = mist, fog

Etymology: from the Vulgar Latin *nibulus, a modification of nūbilus (cloudy), from the Proto-Germanic *nebulaz (fog, mist, darkness), from the Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos (cloud, mist, moisture) [source].

Irish (Gaeilge) scamall [ˈsˠkamˠəl̪ˠ] = cloud
scamallach = cloudy, clouded
scamallaigh = to cloud (over), mist, obscure
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) sgòth [sgɔː] = cloud (bank)
sgòthach [sgɔː.əx] = cloudy

Etymology unknown

Proto-Celtic *kiw-o- = fog
Old Irish (Goídelc) ceó = mist, fog
Irish (Gaeilge) ceo [kʲoː / kʲɔː] = fog, mist, haze; cloud; vapour; blog blemish
ceobháísteach = heavy drizzle, Scotch mist
ceobhrán = light drizzle, mist haze; thin layer
ceobhránach = misty, drizzly
ceoch = foggy, misty, clouded
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) ceò [kʲɔː] = mist, fog, smoke, vapour
ceò-mara / ceò na mara = sea fog
ceò-uisge = drizzle
ceòban = small drizzling rain accompanied by mist
ceòbhran [kʲɔːran] = drizzle, drizzling rain
ceòthlach [kʲɔːl̪ˠəx] = thin mist; light drizzle
Manx (Gaelg) kay [kʲeː] = fog, haze, cloud, top (of milk), blur (on a mirror)
kyeoh [kʲoː] = fog
kayeeagh / kayagh = hazy, misty, nebulous, foggy

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (to cover, hide, cloud). The English word sky comes from the same root, via the Old Norse ský (cloud), as does the Old English word sċēo (cloud), via the Proto-Germanic *skiwô/skiwją (cloud, cloud cover, haze) [source].

Proto-Brythonic *kuml = cloud
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) cwmwl = cloud
Welsh (Cymraeg) cwmwl [ˈkʊmʊl] = fog, mist, vapour, haze, cloud(s), obscured eyesight
cymylog [kəˈməlɔɡ] = cloudy, overcast; sad; obscure, lacking clearness
cymylu [kəˈməlɨ / kəˈməli] = to cloud (over), become overcast; darken,; overshadow, obscure, dim
Cornish (Kernewek) kommol = fog, haze, mist
komolek = misty, hazy, vague
Breton (Brezhoneg) koumoul [ˈku.mu] = mist, fog
koumoulek = cloudly

Etymology: from the Latin *cumulus (heap, pile, surplus, summit), from the Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (to swell) [source].

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek

Time & Weather

Words for time and weather in Celtic languages.

DUBLIN

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *ammen-, *amo- = time
Old Irish (Goídelc) amm = time
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) amm = time, point of time
Irish (Gaeilge) am [aumˠ / ɑːmˠ / amˠ] = time, point of time, occasion, usual, due, proper, opportune, season, period
am ar bith = at any time
ó am go ham = from time to time
amadóir = timepiece, timer
amchlár, clár ama = time-table
amchrios = time zone
amscála = time scale
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) àm [ãũm/amə] = time, occasion, period
àm air bith = whenever
àm-latha = daytime
àm nam pòg = honeymoon (“time of kissing”)
Manx (Gaelg) am = time
ec yn am = in the nick of time

Etymology: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂etmn̥ (wandering), from *h₂et- (to go), which is also the root of words such as annual in English, an(née) (year) in French and año (year, age) in Spanish [source].

Proto-Celtic *amsterā = time, moment
Old Irish (Goídelc) aimser [ˈamʲsʲer] = time, age, period, season
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) aimser [ˈamʲɕər] = point of time, period of time, span, spell, period, age, epoch, season. weather
aimseradt = period, duration
aimserdae = belonging to time, temporal
Irish (Gaeilge) aimsir [ˈamʲʃəɾʲ / ˈæːmʲʃəɾʲ] = mind, mental state, disposition, attention, spirits, intention, accord
aimseartha = temporal
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) aimsir [ɛmɛʃɪrʲ] = climate, weather, season, era, time, reign
aimsireil [ɛmɛʃɪrʲal] = of this world, temporal
Manx (Gaelg) emshir [ˈɛmʃər] = weather, weather conditions, tense, time
Old Welsh amser = time
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) amser [ˈamser] = time
amserav = to time, date
amserawl, amseraỽl = timely
Welsh (Cymraeg) amser [ˈamsɛr / ˈamsar] = time, occasion, date, opportunity
amseraf, amseru = to time, date, occur, come to pass
amseriad = date, a timing, time, tempo (in music)
amserlen = timetable
amserlin = timeline, schedule
amsernod = noteworty, epoch, period, era, time signature
amserol = timely, well-timed, topical, seasonable, opportune, suitable, temporal, transient, temporary
amserolder = timeliness, seasonableness
Old Cornish anser = time
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) amser = time
Cornish (Kernewek) amser = (grammatical) tense
amseryow = menstruation, period
Middle Breton (Brezonec) amser, amzer = time, weather
Breton (Brezhoneg) amzer [ˈãm.zɛr] = time, weather
amzeran, amzerañ = to delay, to fix (in time)
amzereg = timer
amzeroni = chronology
amzervezh = time, era

Etymology: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *h₂meh₁- (to mow, reap, harvest), from Proto-Celtic *amm (time) – see above [source].

Proto-Celtic *trātu = time, hour
Old Irish (Goídelc) tráth [traːθ] = time, hour, period (of time)
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) tráth [traːθ] = period of time, hour, point in time, day
tráthach = timely
tráthamail = timely
Irish (Gaeilge) tráth [t̪ˠɾˠɑː / t̪ˠɾˠæː] = hour, time, occasion, day, period
tráthaí = person who keeps regular hours
tráthchlár = timetable
tráthchuid = instalment
tráthnóna = afternoon, evening (up to nightfall)
tráthrialta = at regular times, regularly, punctually
tráthúil = timely, opportune, apt, felicitous, witty
tráthúlacht = timeliness, opportuneness, aptness, wittiness
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) tràth [traː] = time, meal, (grammatical) tense, when, phrase, season
Manx (Gaelg) traa = duration, time, period, occasion, tempo
Proto-Brythonic *trọd = course, voyage
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) traỽt, traỽd, trawt, trawd = course, way, journey, career, movement, gait, assault, attack
Welsh (Cymraeg) trawd, trawdd = course, way, journey, career, movement, gait, assault, attack
trawenaf, trawenu = to go (over/through), cross, travel
Cornish (Kernewek) trad = trade, way

Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (to cross over, pass through, overcome) [source]. Words from the same roots include enter, term, terminal, thorough, through and transaction in English, and tarddu (to emerge, sprout, explode) in Welsh [source].

Proto-Celtic *kʷritus = time, movement, shape, magical transformation
Old Irish (Goídelc) cruth [kruθ] / crud [kruð] = form, shape, manner, way
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) cruth = form, shape, appearance, shapeliness
cruthach = shapely, fair, beautiful
cruthaid = to create, form
cruthaigidir = to create, shape, form, produce
cruthmar = shapely
Irish (Gaeilge) cruth [kɾˠʊ(h)] = shape, appearance, state, condition, manner, mode
cruthach = shapely
cruthaigh = to create, form, prove
cruthaíocht = shape, appearance, good physique
cruthaitheach = creative
cruthú = creation, proof, testimony
cruthúil = shapely, beautiful, likely, plausible
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) cruth [kruh] = form, shape, figure
cruthach [kruhəx] = real, shapely, well-formed
cruthachadh [kruhəxəɣ] = (act of) creating, creation, (act of) forming
cruthachas [kruhəxəs] = creativity
cruthachd [kruhəxg] = form, complexion, creation
cruthadair [kruhədɪrʲ] = creator
Manx (Gaelg) croo = shape, appearance, format, coinage, creation, create, coining, form, build
crooaghey = shape
crootagh = creative, creator
crootaght = creativity
Proto-Brythonic *prɨd = shape, form
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) pryd, prid, pryt = sight, appearance
prydu, prydaf = to compose poetry
prydaw = beautiful, lovely
prydfawr, pryduawr = very beautiful or graceful, splendid, inspired
pryduerth, prytuerth = beautiful, splendid, handsome, fine, fair, seemly, decent
Welsh (Cymraeg) pryd [prɨːd / priːd] = sight, appearance, aspect, complexion, colouring, face, shape, form, comeliness, beauty
prydaf, prydu = to compose poetry, versify, write (a poem), to devise, compose
prydaw = beautiful, lovely
prydfawr = very beautiful or graceful, splendid, inspired
prydferth = beautiful, splendid, handsome, fine,
fair, seemly, decent
prydferthaf, prydferthu = to make beautiful, beautify, grace, adorn, embellish, flourish
Proto-Celtic *kʷritus = time, movement, shape, magical transformation
Proto-Brythonic *prɨd = time
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) pryt, pryd = time. occasion, period, season
Welsh (Cymraeg) pryd [prɨːd / priːd] = time, occasion, period, season, day, meal(time), when, while
prydlon = punctual, prompt, timely, seasonable; suitable, appropriate, proper
prydlondeb, prydlonder, prydlonedd = punctuality, timeliness, seasonableness
pryd(i)ol = timely, seasonable, punctual
Old Cornish prit = hour, time
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) prys, prês, preys = a stated time, a while, time, season, mealtime, a meal
Cornish (Kernewek) prys = season, time, while
prysweyth = instant, occasion
Middle Breton (Brezonec) pret = moment
Breton (Brezhoneg) pred = moment, meal
predadenn = (good) meal

Etymology (of both the above words): from the Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (to do, make, build). Words from the same roots include Britain, Brittany and karma in English, and words for cauldron in Celtic languages [source].

Middle Welsh (Kymraec) tywyd = weather
Welsh (Cymraeg) tywydd [ˈtəu̯.ɨ̞ð / ˈtəu̯.ɪð] = weather, bad or stormy weather
tywyddiant = meterology
tywyddol = pertaining to the weather
Cornish (Kernewek) tewedh = storm
tewedha = to weather

Etymology: unknown

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic