In this post we’re looking at words for discharge, overflow and related things in Celtic languages.
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
| Proto-Celtic | *skeyeti = to vomit |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | sceïd [ˈsʲkʲe.əðʲ] = to vomit, to spew sceith = spewing, vomit, vomiting |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | strong>sceïd, sceithid, sceidid, sceigid, sceith, sceth(ed), sgeth [ˈsʲkʲe.əðʲ] = to vomit, to spew, to eject, to burst forth, to pour forth, to sprout, to bud sceith, sgeith = act of vomiting, spewing, vomit, dashing, spurting (of sea), bursting out, sprouting (of plants) |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | sceith [ʃcɛ(h) / ʃcɛç] = vomit, spawing, spawn, overflow, discharge, eruption, spreading, disintegration; to spew, vomit, overflow, pour forth, discharge, erupt, give away, divulge, spread, disseminate sceitheach = vomiting, spewing, spawning, discharging, erupting, tattling sceitheadh = spawning, overflow, eruption sceithre = telltale, tattler sceithreacht = (act of) divulging, disseminating, tattling |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | sgeith [sgʲeh] = puke, vomit; retch, spew sgeitheach [sgʲehəx] = nauseous, emetic sgeitheadh [sgʲehəɣ] = (act of) vomiting, puking, retching, spewing |
| Manx (Gaelg) | skeeah = spew, vomit skeeahrey = disgorge, spew, vomiting skeay = vomit |
| Proto-Brythonic | *hwɨd = vomit (?) |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | chuyt, chwyt, chwyd = vomit, a vomitting, spewing chwydu, chwydy = to vomit, spew, disgorge, vomitting chwydawc = inclined to vomit, nauseous, nauseating, loathsome |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | chwŷd [ˈχwɨdɨ / ˈχwid] = vomit, a vomitting, spewing, that which is ejected, spew, ejection chwydaf, chwydu [ˈχwədɨ / ˈχwədi] = to vomit, spew, disgorge, vomitting chwydiad = vomit, a vomitting, a spewing, eruption chwydog = inclined to vomit, nauseous, nauseating, loathsome, fulsome, morose, moody, glutted, worthless |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec / Kernuak) | hweda, hwedzha = to vomit, to spew hwedh = a swelling, a puffing up, a swell hwedhy = to swell, to puff up |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | hweja, hwyja = to throw, puke, vomit hwejas = eruption |
| Middle Breton (Brezonec) | huedaff, huediff = to vomit huedadenn = vomiting |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | c’hwed = vomit, puke c’hwedadenn = vomiting c’hwedañ = to vomit c’hwedez = person who vomits c’hwederezh = vomiting c’hwediñ = emetic, to vomit |
Etymology: possibly from Proto-Indo-European skey- (to split, to dissect) [source].
Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Old Norse skjaðak (a kind of weed, darnel), include skjæraks (darnal, ray grass – dialectal) in Norwegian, and skäde in Swedish.
Words from the same PIE roots include schijf (disk, a slice) in Dutch, Scheibe (disc, slice pane [of glass]) in German, șaibă (washer) in Romanian, skive (slice, shive) in Danish, and maybe sheath and ship in English [source].
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | do·léici = to let, allow, throw, fling, hurl, lower, cast down, shed (blood, tears, etc) |
|---|---|
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | teilcid = to throw, cast, hurl, let go, let loose, give up |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | teilg [ˈtʲɛlʲɪɟ] = to cast, throw, project, fade, slake, convict, sentence teilgeach = casting, throwing, projectin, lasting, economical teilgean = to cast, throw, projection teilgeoir = thrower, pitcher, slinger, projector, founder teilgeoireacht = (act of) casting, moulding, plastering |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | tilg [tʲiligʲ] = cast, fling, pitch, toss, throw, shoot, retch, spew, throw up, vomit tilgeachan [tiligʲəxan] = jibe, taunt tilgeadair [tʲilɪgʲədɪrʲ] = projector tilgeadh [tʲiligʲəɣ] = (act of) casting, flinging, hurling, pitching, retching, spewing, throwing up, vomiting, projecting |
| Manx (Gaelg) | tilg = to throw, prokect, cast, vomit, discharge tilgey = throwing, vomiting, casting |
Etymology: from Old Irish to- and léicid (to leave, abandon, release, let go, allow, permit) [source].
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | aisec = to act of giving back, restitution, return |
|---|---|
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | aisec = (act of) restoring, giving back, restitution, restoration aisicid = to return, to give back, to restore |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | aiseag [ˈaʃəɡ / ˈæʃək] = restoration, restitution, vomit, emetic, (financial) returns aiseagthóir = restorer, restitutor |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | aiseag [aʃəg] = ferry (crossing), (act of) ferrying over, return, deliverance, recovering, restoring, restitution, restoration, the Resurrection |
| Manx (Gaelg) | assaig = ferry |
Etymology: from Old Irish ess- (ex-, out, non. dis-) from Proto-Celtic *exs- (out, non-, -less, without); and Old Irish -ec (verbal noun suffix) from Proto-Celtic *-ankom [source].
Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic
