Words for number, to count and related things in Celtic languages.
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
| Proto-Celtic | *rīmā = number |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | rím [r͈ʲiːβ̃] = counting, enumerating, number, telling, relating, metrics rímid [ˈr͈ʲiːβ̃ɨðʲ] = to count, reckon, estimate, impute, compose, recount, relate |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | rím = counting, enumerating, number, telling, relating rímid, rímaid = to count, reckon, estimate, recount, relate, compose |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | ríomh [ɾˠiːvˠ/ɾˠiːw] = enumeration, calculation, computation, narration ríomhaire = counter, enumerator, calculator, computer ríomhaireacht = counting, enumeration, calculation, computation ríomhchláraitheoir = computer programmer ríomheolaíocht = computer science |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | rìomh† = reckoning, numbering, computation rìmh† = number, to reckon, compute |
| Proto-Brythonic | *rriβ̃ = number |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | rif, yrif, rhif = sum, number, etc rhifo, riuaw, riuaỽ = to count rifed, riued, ryved = number, many, abundance |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | rhif [r̥iːv] = the sum, number, as many or numerous (as), a (great) many, crowd, host, multitude, large amount, worth, esteem, honour, praise, figure, digit, numeral, count, reckoning, measure rhifadwy = countable, numerable rhif(i)o = to count, number, amount to, enumerate, list, recount, enlist, muster rhifed = number, many, abundance |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | riv = number riva = to number riven = digit |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | riñv = number |
Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey- (to count, reason, think) [source]. Words from the same root include arithmetic, rhyme, rite, ritual and ready in Englsh, reic (to sell in Irish, řádný (regular) in Czech, and rinda (row, line, queue) in Latvian [source].
| Proto-Celtic | *adrīmā = counting, number, reckoning |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | áirem = number, numeral, quantity. amount, sum, reckoning, repute, account |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | áirem, áram, arim, ārem = counting, reckoning, estimating, number, numeral, amount, sum comáirem, comairem, comairemh = reckoning, calculating, computation |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | áireamh = enumeration, census, arithmetric, number, portion comhair = to count, calculate comhaireamh = to count, calculation, reckoning |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | àireamh [aːrʲəv] = number, sum, tally, computation, counting, enumerating; count, enumerate àireamhach [aːrʲəvəx] = numeral, arithmetician àireamhachadh [aːrʲəvəxəɣ] = numbering, enumerating, enumeration, calculating, computing, calculation, computation àireamhail [aːrʲəvəxal] = arithmetical àireamhachas [aːrʲəvəxəs] = numeracy àireamhair [aːrʲəvɛrʲ] = calculator (tool), arithmetician |
| Manx (Gaelg) | earroo = number, sum, figure, census, statistics, tell co-earroo = calculation, computation, counting, telling, to compute, count earrooaghey = number(ing) co-earrooaghey = to calculate, calculating, numbering |
| Proto-Brythonic | *ėðriβ̃ = (?) |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | eryryw, eiryf, eirif = number, amount, sum, account, reckoning |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | eirif = number, amount, a large number, many, sum, account, reckoning |
| Old Breton (Brethonoc) | eirimotor = (?) |
Etymology: from the Proto-Celtic *rīmā (number) – see above [source].
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | uimir = number |
|---|---|
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | (n)uimir = number |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | uimhir [ˈɪvʲəɾʲ / ˈɨ̞̃vʲəɾʲ] = number, count, aggregate uimhreoir = numerator uimhrigh = to number, figure uimhríocht = arithmetic uimhríochtúil = arithmetical uimhriú = numbering, numeration, figuring uimhriúil = numerical, numeral |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | uimhir [ɯvɪrʲ] = quantity, amount, number, so/as much/many fuimhir [fɯvɪrʲ] = quantity, number uimhireach [ɯvɪrʲəx] = numerous uimhireach [ɯvɪrʲɪç] = arithmetician |
| Proto-Brythonic | *niβ̃er = number |
| Old Welsh (Kembraec) | nimer = number |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | niuer, niver, nifer = number host, company, retinue, troop, crowd nifery = to number, enumerate, count niveredic = counted, numbered niferawg, niuerawc, nigerog, niverog = numerous, abundant, having hosts, troops, retinues, etc nifeiriawl, niferawl, niueiriawl = numerous, abundant, numerical kyfnifer, kyfniuer = as many, equal number, even number, a great many, large number, host |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | nifer [ˈnɪvɛr] = number, host, company, retinue, troop, crowd niferu, nifeirio = to number, enumerate, count niferedig = counted, numbered niferadol = numerical, pertaining to a census nifer(i)og = numerous, abundant, having hosts, troops, retinues, etc nifer(i)ol = numerous, abundant, numerical cyfnifer = as many, equal number, even number, a great many, large number, host |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | never, niver = number nevera, nivera, nyfyrys = to number, count, reckon cyniver, cynyver, cenifer, cenyver, ceniver = so many, as many as, every, every one |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | niver = number nivera = to count, number niverek = numerical niverell = counter, counting device niveren = numeral niverenans, niverednans = numbering niveronieth = arithmetic niverus = numerous niveryans = census, count keniver = as many, everyone, so many |
| Old Breton (Brethonoc) | nimer = number |
| Middle Breton (Brezonec) | niuer, nyuer = number niueraff = to enumerate, number |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | niver [ˈniː.vɛr] = number niveradeg = census niveradur = ennumeration niverenn [ni.ˈveː.rɛn] = number niverennañ = to number niverer = numerator nivererezh = numbering niveridigezh = enumeration, census niveriñ [niˈveːrĩ] = to enumerate, number niveroniezh [ˌni.ve.rɔ̃.ˈniː.ɛs] = arithmetic niverus [ni.ˈveː.rus] = numerous |
Etymology: from Latin numerus (number, collection, quantity, time, rhythm) [source], from Proto-Italic *nomezos, from PIE *nem- (to distribute give, take). Words from the same root economic, numb and number, numeral in English, nemen (to take, grasp, grab) in Dutch, nehmen (to take, hold, grasp), and número (number) in Spanish [source].
Sources: Wiktionary, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, Teanglann.ie, Am Faclair Beag, An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Online Manx Dictionary, Gaelg Corpus, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall, Gerlyver Kernewek, Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton, Dictionnaires bilingues de Francis Favereau / Edition Skol Vreizh, TermOfis
