Words for fleece, shearing and related things in Celtic languages.
| Proto-Celtic | *knawī = fleece |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | cnaí = fleece |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | cnaí, cnai, cnái = fleece |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | cnuachd [krũə̃çgʲ] = lump, head, brow, forehead, shock (of hair) |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | cnu, cnuf, knu = fleece, clipping, a shearing cnaif, knaif = a shearing, clipping, carnage, fleece, shred |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | cnu(f) = fleece cnufiaf, cnufio = to wrap up fleeces after shearing cnu(f)og = woolly, bushy, fleecy, fleeced, fleece-like cnuwch = bush of hair or fur, tuft, periwig; gammon of bacon, hock cnaif = a shearing, clipping, carnage, fleece, shred cneif(i)af, cneif(i)o = to shear, fleece, shave, clip, reap |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec / Kernuak) | cneu, cnêu = a fleece |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | knew = fleece |
| Middle Breton (Brezonec) | creon = fleece |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | krew, kreoñ = fleece kreoñañ = to cover oneself with fleece kreoñasenn = mop of hair kreoñek = (one) who has a fleece |
Etymology: possibly related to Proto-Celtic *knā-yo- (to bite, chew) [source].
| Proto-Celtic | *luxsmos = bare |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | lomm [ˈl̪om] = bare lommraid = to shear off, strip off, cut off |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | lomm, lom = bare, naked, smooth, exact, threadbare lommrad, lommairt, lomra, lomrad = act of stripping, making bare, act of shearing (sheep), fleece, act of plundering, (literary) extract |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | lom [l̪ˠəumˠ / l̪ˠomˠ] = bare thing, bareness, openness, exposure, nakedness, poverty lomadh = baring, shearing, stripping, denudation, improvishment, fleecing lomair = to shear, fleece, denude, despoil lomra = fleece, mop (of hair) lomrach = fleecy, woolly lomrachán = shorn sheep, naked person, poor, ill-clad person lomracht = fleeciness, woolliness |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | lom [l̪ˠɔum~l̪ˠuimə] = bare, naked, nude, bleak, plain, unadorned, defenceless, destitute, gaunt, meagre, threadbare, leafless lomadair [l̪ˠomədɪrʲ] = (act of) shearer, shearing, shave lomadh [l̪ˠoməɣ] = (act of) shaving, shearing, shave lomair [l̪ˠomɛrʲ] = fleece lomaire [l̪ˠomɪrʲə] = shearer, mower |
| Manx (Gaelg) | lhome = bare, nude, meagre, naked, bald, spare loamragh = fleecy, fleeced, woolly loamrey = fleece, wool, shear, shearing, fell loamyr = shear lommyrt = shearing, shear, clipping |
| Proto-Brythonic | *llum = bare (?) |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | llum, llwm, llom = devoid, bare, barren, naked, threadbare, worn, ragged |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | llwm = devoid, bare, barren, naked, threadbare, worn, ragged |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | lomm, lobm = bare, naked, unproductive lommhe, lobmhe = to bare, to strip bare lomder = bareness |
| Old Breton (Brethonoc) | lom = drop |
| Middle Breton (Brezonec) | loum, lom = drop |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | lomm [lɔmː] = drop, sip (of drink), modest quantity, insignificant, nothing lomm-ha-lomm = little by little, step by step lommig [ˈlɔ̃mːik] = small drop, modest quantity, insignificant |
Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (to strip, peel). Words from the same roots include lupt (to peel, eat) in Latvian, and maybe loupit (to plunder, to rob) in Czech, and лупить (to peel, beat, thrash, fleece) in Russian [source].
Sources: Wiktionary, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, Teanglann.ie, Am Faclair Beag, An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Online Manx Dictionary, Gaelg Corpus, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall, Gerlyver Kernewek, Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton, Geriafurch, TermOfis