Words for to know, to recognise and related things in Celtic languages.
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
| Proto-Celtic | *gninuti = to recognize *ati-gninuti = to know |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | ad·gnin, as·gnin [aðˈɡʲnʲin] = to know, to recognize, to perceive aithnid = familiar, known, acquaintane, friend, to know, to recognise, to understand, to entrust in·gnin = to recognise, to understand |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | ad-gnin, aithnid = to know, to recognise, to perceive, to be aware of aithenta = known familiar aithentas = acquaintance with, knowledge (of) aithne, aithgne = (act of) knowing, recognising, knowledge, recognition, perception |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | aithin [ˈahənʲ] = to know, to recognize, to identify, to acknowledge, to distinguish, to perceive aithne = acquaintance, recognition, appearance aithnid = acquaintance, appearance aithnidiúil = familar, well-known |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | aithnich [an̪ʲɪç] = recognise, discern, know, acknowledge, perceive, tell aithne, athainte [an̪ʲə / a.ɪn̪ʲdʲə] = familiarity, acquaintance, knowledge, discernment, ken aithneach [an̪ʲəx] = acquiantance; discering, considerate, attentive aithnichear [an̪ʲɪçər] = identifier, recogniser aithnichte [an̪ʲɪçdʲə] = known, recognised, plain, manifest, exceptionally |
| Manx (Gaelg) | ainjys = acquaintance, familiarity, intimacy ainjyssagh = acquaintance, intimate enn = acquaintance, knowledge, recognition cur enn er to recognise, pick out enney [en(ʲ)ə] = acquaintance, awareness, cognition, consciousness, identity, knowledge, recognition cur enney er = to apprehend, to indentify, to recognise, apprehension enneys = to know |
| Proto-Brythonic | *ate-gegn-, *adwoɨnɨnüd = (?) |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | adnapo, adnabu, adw(a)en, atnabot , adnabot [adˈnabod] = to recognise, to know (be acquainted or familiar with) ednabyddieth = recognition, identification, knowledge (of a person or place), familiarity, acquaintance, acknowledgement etnebydedyc, ednebydedyc, atnabydedig = (well-)known, familiar, recognized, acknowledged adnabydus, adnabyddus = (well-)known, familiar, recognized, acknowledged, renowed, famous, recognizable |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | adnabod [adˈnabɔd / adˈna(ː)bɔd] = to recognise, to know (be acquainted or familiar with) adnabyddedig = (well-)known, familiar, recognized, acknowledged adnabydd(i)aeth [ˌadnaˈbəðjaɨ̯θ] = recognition, identification, knowledge (of a person or place), familiarity, acquaintance, acknowledgement adnabyddus [ˌadnaˈbəðɨ̞s] = (well-)known, familiar, recognized, acknowledged, renowed, famous, recognizable |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec / Kernuak) | aswon = to know, recognize, be acquainted with aswonvos, aswonfys = to know, recognize, be acquainted with |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | aswon, ajon [ˈaz.wɔn] = to acknowledge, be familiar with, know, realise, recognise aswonans = acknowledgement, credits aswonesik = acquaintance aswonvos = acknowledgement, acquaintance, knowledge aswonys = familiar, known |
| Old Breton (Brethonoc) | ezneo = to know, to recognise |
| Middle Breton (Brezonec) | aznauout, aznevont = to know, to recognise, to identify, to understand |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | anavezout, ana(v)out [ãn(a)ˈveː(z)ut] = to know, to recognise, to identify, to understand anavedigezh = awareness anavezadenn = reconnaissance anavezapl = (re)cognizable, identifiable. anavezer = connoisseur, indentifier anavezet = known, declared, recognized |
Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti (to know, recognise), from *ǵneh₃- (to know, recognise [source]. Words from the same roots include žinóti (to know) in Lithuanian, znát (to know) in Czech, know, ignore, recognise, can, could, cunning and canny in English, können (to be able, can, to know, understand) in German, and ken (to know) in Scots [source].
Sources: Wiktionary, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, Teanglann.ie, Am Faclair Beag, An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Online Manx Dictionary, Gaelg Corpus, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall, Gerlyver Kernewek, Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton, Geriafurch, TermOfis