Fourfold

Words for four and related things in Celtic languages:

four

Proto-Celtic *kʷetwares = four
*kʷetwariyos = fourth
Gaulish petru, petuar = four
petuarios = fourth
Old Irish (Goídelc) cethair [ˈkʲeθirʲ] = four
cethramad [ˈkʲeθraṽað] = fourth
cethracha = forty
cethrar = four people
cethardúil = four elements
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) cethair = four
cethramad = fourth
cethrar = four people
cethracha = forty
cetharchair = four-sided, square, rectangular
cethairríad = four-wheeled chariot or carriage
cethardenus = space of four days
cethardóit = group of four
cetharaird = the four points of the compass, the four quarters, the world, universe
Irish (Gaeilge) ceathair [ˈcahəɾʲ/ˈcæɾʲ] = four, quadruped
ceithre [ˈcɛɾʲə/ˈçɛɾʲə] = four
ceathrar [ˈcahɾˠəɾˠ/cæːɾˠ] = four people
ceathracha = forty
ceathrú [cahˈɾˠuː] = quarter, thigh, quatrain
ceathrúnach = quartermaster
ceathairbhliantúil = quadrennial
ceathairchodach = fourfold, quadruple
ceathairchosach = fourfooted, quadruped
ceathairéad = quartet
ceathairfhillte = quarto, fourfold
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) ceithir [kʲehɪrʲ] = four
ceathramh [kʲɛrəv] (4mh) fourth (4th)
ceathrar [kʲɛrər] = four (people)
ceathrad [kʲɛrəd] = forty
cairteal [kar̪ˠʃdʲal] = quarter; quarters, lodgings
ceithir-chasach = quadruped, four-legged animal
ceithir-cheàrnach = quadrilateral
ceithir-fillte = quadruple, fourfold, four-ply
Manx (Gaelg) kiare [kʲeːə(r)] = four, foursome, quartet
kiarroo, (yn) chiarroo = (the) fourth
kerroo = fourth, quarter, quatrain
kiarad = forty
kiare-fillagh, kiare-filley = fourfold, quadruple
kiare-lhiatteeagh, kiare-lhiatteean = four-sided, quadrilateral
kiare-chassagh = four-footed, four-legged, quadruped
Proto-Brythonic *pedwar [pɛdˈwaːr] = four
*pėdwėrɨð [pe̝dwe̝ˈrˑɨːð] = fourth
Old Welsh petguar = four
petguaret = fourth
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) pedwar, peduar = four (m)
pedeyr, pedair, pedeir = four (f)
pedweryd = fourth (m)
pedwyred = fourth (m)
pedwar deg, pedeir deg = fourteen
pedwar/pedeir ar bymthec = nineteen
pedwar ugein(t) = eighty
Welsh (Cymraeg) pedwar [ˈpɛdwar] = four (m)
pedair [ˈpɛdai̯r/ˈpeːdai̯r] = four (f)
pedwerydd [pɛdˈwɛrɨ̞ð] (4ydd) = fourth (m)
pedwaredd [pɛdˈwarɛð] (4edd) = fourth (f)
pedwarplyg = quadruple
pedwaraf, pedwaru = to divide into four, quarter
pedwaraid = set of four, foursome
pedwar ar ddeg = fourteen
pedwar ar bymtheg = nineteen
pedwar deg = forty
pedwar ugain = eighty
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) peswar = four (m)
pedar = four (f)
peswere, pyswere = fourth
peswardhec, pazawardhak = fourteen
padzhar iganz = eighty
padzhar iganz ha deg = ninety
Cornish (Kernewek) peswar, pajar = four (m)
peder = four (f)
peswora, pajwora = fourth
peswartrosek = fourfooted
peswardhek = fourteen
peswar ugens = eighty
Old Breton petguar = four
petguare = fourth
Middle Breton (Brezonec) peuar, puar = four
peuare, pevare = fourth
peuarzec, pévarzecq, piarzeg = fourteen
peuaruguent, pêver huguent, pévar uguent = eighty
pevar-benveg = quartet
pevarc’hartier = to cut in quarters
pévar c’hemend = quadruple
pevar(-)c’hementi(ñ) = to quadruple
Breton (Brezhoneg) pevar = four (m)
peder = four (f)
pevare = fourth
pevarved = fourth (m)
pedervet = fourth (f)
pevarzek = fourteen
pevar-ugent = eighty
pevarad = quartet
pevarzuek = quadrilatéral

Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres (four) and *kʷetwr̥yós (fourth) [source].

English words from the same roots include four, quarter, quart, quartet, quaruple, and words beginning with tetra-, such as tetradecimal (a 14-base counting system) [source].

Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Gerlyvyr Cernewec, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Geriafurch, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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