Words for roots and related things in Celtic languages.
| Proto-Celtic | *wridmā, *wridā = root |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | frém [fʲrʲeːṽ] = root |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | frém, prém = root, source, origin, rootstock, race frémach, prémach = roots, genealogical stock, abounding roots frémaigid = intransitive, takes root frémamail = radical, primary |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | fréamh [fʲɾʲeːvˠ] = root, source, origin, rootstock, race, radical (in linguistics and chemistry) fréamhach = roots, having roots, rooted, established fréamhaí = derivative, radical fréamhaigh = to root, spring, descend (from), derive (from) |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | freumh [frʲɪəv] = root, source, derivation freumhagach = pertaining to or abounding in small roots, fibrous freumhag = small root, rootlet, fibre freumhach = rooted, abounding in roots, steady, fundamental freumhaichte = rooted, derived freumhachadh = rooting, taking root, deriving, derivation, etymology |
| Manx (Gaelg) | fraue [freːw] = bulb, derivation, radical, root frauaghey = to root frauee = derivative, primitive fraueit = grafted, rooted |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | gureid, gwreid = root |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | gwraidd [ɡwrai̯ð] = root, bottom, base, foundation, source, origin, ancestry gwreiddiadur = etymological dictionary gwreiddiaf, gwreiddio = to root, grow roots, take root, become ingrained or established, be rooted, be derived, ground, found, secure, establish gwreiddiog = having roots, rooted, ingrained gwreiddiol = original, primitive, innate, initial, established, hereditary gwreiddyn = root, beginning, origin, source, nucleus, essence, foundation, reason, stock, pedigree |
| Old Cornish | grueiten = root |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | gwredh, gwreydh, gwreidhen = root gwredhan = a single root gwrydhye = to take root, to be rooted |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | gwrydhen = root gwreydhek = original gwreydhyel = radical gwreydhyoleth = radicalism |
| Old Breton | uraed = root |
| Middle Breton (Brezonec) | gwrizienn, gruyzyenn, gruyzienn, grizyen = root gwriziaouiñ gwriziañ, gwriziennañ = to take root, put down roots |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | gwrizienn = root, origin, base gwriziañ = to take root, put down roots, ingrained |
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥h₂d-/*wréh₂ds (root). Words from the same roots include root, radish and wort (a liquid extracted from mash when making beer or malt liquor) in English, rot (root, source) in Swedish, rod (root) in Danish, wortel (carrot) in Dutch, Wurzel (root) in German, raíz (root, origin) in Spanish, raíz (root, origin) in Spanish [source].
Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Gerlyvyr Cernewec, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Geriafurch, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic
