Sweet

Words for sweet and related things in Celtic languages.

Sweets

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.

Proto-Celtic *melissis, *melisti = sweet
Old Irish (Goídelc) milis [ˈmʲilʲisʲ] = sweet
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) milis = sweet, fresh (water)
Irish (Gaeilge) milis [ˈmʲɪlʲɪʃ] = sweet, tender, tasty, fresh (water); honeyed (words), flattering
milisbhriathrach = sweet-spoken, honey-tongued
milisín = sweet morsel
milseán = sweet, bonbon, candy; sweet dish, dessert
milseog = dessert; sweetheart, darling
milsigh = to sweeten
uisce milis = sweet/fresh water
teange mhilis = flattering tongue
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) milis [milɪʃ] = sweet; melodious, musical; flattering
aran-milis = gingerbread
baine milis = sweet milk, condensed milk
buntàta milis = sweet potato, yam
coirce-milis = sweet corn, maize
slaman-milis = jelly
Manx (Gaelg) millish = sweet, darling, sugary, dulcet, honeyed, luscious, fruity, balmy
bee millish = sweetmeat, sweet
feddan millish = recorder, fipple flute
fooillagh millish = trifle
slumm millish = jelly
ushtey millish = fresh water
focklyn millish = honeyed words
Proto-Brythonic *melɨs = sweet
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) melis, melys = sweet, pleasant-tasting, delicious
meledic = sweetened with honey
melysvwyt, melysvwyd, melys-fwyd = sweet food, sweet dish, delicacy, dainty food, sweetmeat, dessert
melûsrwyth, melyssrwydd = sweetness, sweet or delicious taste
Welsh (Cymraeg) melys [ˈmɛlɨ̞s/ˈmeːlɪs/ˈmɛlɪs] = sweet, pleasant-tasting, delicious, tasty; not salty, fresh (water); delightful, agreeable, pleasant, charming; sweet-sounding, euphonious, melodious; sweet-smelling, fragrant
dant melys = sweet tooth
pethau melys = sweets
tatws melys = sweet potato
melysaf, meluso = to sweeten, mitigate, alleviate
melysaidd, melusaidd = rather sweet, delightful, agreeable
melyfwyd, melusfwyd = sweet food, sweet dish, delicacy, dainty food, sweetmeat, dessert
melyfwyd, melusfwyd = sweet, delicious, delightful, agreeable, pleasant, melodious, fond of sweet food or drink, greedy, voracious
melysrwydd, melusrwydd = sweetness, sweet or delicious taste, melodiousness, fondness for delicate food
Cornish (Kernewek) melys [‘mɛlɪs/’mɛləʃ] = very sweet, honeyed
kleves melys = diabetes
Old Breton (Brethonoc) milis = honeyed
Middle Breton (Brezonec) milis = honeyed, sweetish, sneaky
Breton (Brezhoneg) melis, milis = honeyed

Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *mélid (honey)), which is also the root of the English words mildew and mulch [source].

Proto-Celtic *su̯eko-s = to smell (good)
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) chwech = sweet
wech, chweg, chwec = sweet, lucious, pleasant, comely
Welsh (Cymraeg) chwech [χweːχ/hweːχ] = sweet
chweg = sweet, lucious, pleasant, comely
chwegaidd = sweetish
chwegrwydd = sweetness, lusciousness
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) hwec, hwecah, hweg, hwêg, whêk = sweet, pleasant, dear
hwecter, whecter = sweetness, pleasantness, suavity, delight
hwegol, whegol = dear
Cornish (Kernewek) hweg = sweet, dear, gentle, kind, nice, pleasant, pleasing
hwegednow, hwegnnow = candy
hwegen = darling, pet, lozenge, sweet
hwegoll = darling, delightful, sweetest
hwegys = sweetcorn, maize
hweg-oll = darling, delightful, sweetest
ys hweg = sweetcorn, maize
Middle Breton (Brezonec) huec = sweet, delicate
Breton (Brezhoneg) c’hwek [xweːk] = soft, suave, sugar, delicious, exquisite, pleasant
c’hwekaat = to sweeten
c’hwekted [ˈxwek.tet] = softness, suavity
c’hwekter = delicacy
mel c’hwek = sweet honey
gwin c’hwek = sweet wine

Etymology: unknown

The usual Breton word for sweet is dous, which probably comes from the Old French dous (soft, tender), form the Latin dulcis (sweet, fragrant, melodious), from the Proto-Indo-European *dl̥kú- (sweet) [source].

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Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic

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