Words for gods, deities & days in Celtic languages.
The Gallo-Roman Horse Goddess Epona
Proto-Celtic | *dēwos = god, deity, day *dēwā = goddess |
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Gaulish | deuognata, teuoxtonio-, dēuos, dēwos, dēvona = god |
Celtiberian | teiuoreikis, deobriga = god |
Old Irish (Goídelc) | día [dʲiːa̯] = god bandía = goddess díadae, deoda = godly, divine, holy deacht = godhead |
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | día, dea, déa, de, dee = god, goddess, supernatural being, object of worship deacht, déacht = godhead, divity díadae, díade, diadu = divine, godly, holy |
Irish (Gaeilge) | dia [dʲiə] = god, deity bandia = goddess diaga = divine, godly, godlike, sacred, holy diagacht = divinity, godhood, godliness, piety, theology diagaigh = to deify, apotheosize diagaire = divine, theologian diaganta = godly, pious dia-aithis = blasphemy |
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | dia [dʲiə] = god, God ban-dia = goddess diadhachd [dʲiə.əxg] = deity, divinity, godhead diadhaidh [dʲiə.ɪ] = divine, godly, pious diadhaireachd [dʲiə.ɪjəxg] = godliness diadhaidheachd [dʲiə.ɛrʲ] = theologian diadhair [dʲiə.ɛrʲ] = theologian |
Manx (Gaelg) | jee = god, deity, godhead ben jee = deity, goddess jeeoil = divine, godlike, godly jeeoilys = divinity, theology jeeoilagh = divine, theologian jeeaght = deity, divinity jeeaghteyr = theologian |
Proto-Brythonic | *duɨw [ˈduɨ̯w] = god |
Old Welsh | duiu = god |
Middle Welsh (Kymreac) | duiu, duu, dyu, diu, duw = god dwyes, dwywes = goddess, noble lady, queen dywdap, dywdot, duwdab = the divine nature, divinity, theology dywol, duwiol = godly, devout, religious, pious, good, holy, sanctimonious |
Welsh (Cymraeg) | duw / Duw [dɨu̯ / dɪu̯] = god, the Supreme Being, the Almighty, the Christian Trinity; O God! duwies, dwywes, dwyes = goddess, noble lady, queen duwdeb = the divine nature, divinity, theology duweiddiad = deification, apotheosis duweiddiaf, duweiddio = to deify, make a god of, turn into an object of worship duwgar = loving God, pious, devout duwiol, duwol = godly, devout, religious, pious, good, holy, sanctimonious |
Old Cornish | duy = god |
Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | dew, du, duy = god, God, a divinity dues = goddess |
Cornish (Kernewek) | duw [dyˑʊ / diˑʊ] = god duwes = goddess duwonieth = theology duwonydh, duwonydhes = theologian Duw genes = goodbye (“god with you”) |
Old Breton | doi = god |
Middle Breton | doe, doué, dou = god doueadur = apotheosis, deification doueañ = to deify doueadur = apotheosis, deification doueañ = to deify doueegezh = divinity, deity doueek, doeel, doueel = divine |
Breton (Brezhoneg) | doue [du] = god doueez =goddess douead = theist doueadegezh = deism doueegezh = divinity doueel = divine |
Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (god), from *dyew- (sky, heaven) [source]. The Deva rivers in Galicia get their name from the same Proto-Celtic root, and the Latin name for the city of Chester, Deva, possibly comes from the same Celtic root [source].
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
Sources: Wiktionary, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, Teanglann.ie, Am Faclair Beag, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Online Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall, Gerlyver Kernewek, Devri : Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis