Words for barrel and related things in Celtic languages.
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | bairille = barrel |
|---|---|
| Irish (Gaeilge) | bairille [ˈbˠaɾʲəlʲə] = barrel |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | baraill [barɪl̪ʲ] = barrel, cask barailte [barɪldʲ] = barrel, cask |
| Manx (Gaelg) | barrel, barril = barrel |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | baryl, baril, balir = barrel(ful), cask(ful), butt, belly barileit, barrileid = barrelful, caskful |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | baril, barel = barrel(ful), cask(ful), butt, belly barilo, barelu = to barrel, cask, resemble a barrel, drink a barrelful barilaid, barelaid = barrelful, caskful barilaidd = barrel-like, barrel-shaped barilan, barilen = small barrel or cask, keg barilwr, barilydd = cooper, tippler |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | balliar = a hogshead, tun, barrel |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | balyer = barrel |
| Middle Breton | barill, baril = barrel bariillat = contents of a barrel |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | barilh [ˈbɑː.rilj / ˈbɑː.riʎ] = barrel barilhad = contents of a barrel |
Etymology: from Middle English barrel(l) (barrel), Anglo-Norman baril (small barrel), or Old French bar(e)il (barrel), which is of uncertain origin [source].
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | tunna = barrel, cask |
|---|---|
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | tunna, tonna = tun, cask, barrel tunnaid = to store in casks |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | tonna = tun |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | tunn [tũːn̪ˠ] = tun, barrel, put into a barrel, decant tonnadair [tɔn̪ˠədɪrʲ] = tunner, barrel funnel tunnadh [tun̪ˠəɣ] = (act of) tunning, barrelling, putting into a barrel, decanting |
| Manx (Gaelg) | tun = tun tunning = tun, tunning thunney = ton, tun |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | twn = tun tunnell, tynnell, tunel = tun, large cask, large barrel, vat tunellho, tunella = to tun, barrel, cask |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | twn = tun tunnell = tun, large cask, large barrel, vat, ton(ne) tunnellu, tunellio = to tun, barrel, cask tunnelliad = a tunning, barrelling, casking |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | tonnel = a cask |
| Middle Breton (Brezonec) | tonell = tun, barrel |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | tonell = tun, barrel, belly tonellad = contents of a tun or barrel toneller = cooper tonellerezh = cooperage |
Etymology: from Latin tunna (tun, box), probably from Gaulish *tondā, from Proto-Celtic *tondā (surface, skin) [source].
A tun in English is a large cask, an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask or fermenting vat. Related words include tonne (1000kg) in English, ton (tun, barrel, cask) in Dutch, Tonne (tun, barrel, drum) in German, and tonneau (ton, barrel) in French [source].
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | casc = cask |
|---|---|
| Irish (Gaeilge) | casca = cask |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | casg [kasg] = cask |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | casc = cask |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | casg(en) [kasɡ] = cask casgennu = to cask casgennaid = caskful, contents of a cask |
Etymology: from English cask (tun, box), from Middle French casque (helmet, hard hat), from Spanish casco (surface, skin), from cascar (to split), from Latin quassō (to shake, quake, wave), from quatiō (I share or agitate), from Proto-Italic *kʷatjō (to shake) [source].
Sources: Wiktionary, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, Teanglann.ie, Am Faclair Beag, An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary, Online Manx Dictionary, Gaelg Corpus, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall, Gerlyver Kernewek, Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton, Geriafurch, TermOfis