Words for bird and (sky)lark in Celtic languages.
Proto-Celtic | *ɸetnos = bird |
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Gaulish | Etnosus = bird(?) |
Old Irish (Goídelc) | én [eːn] = bird |
Irish (Gaeilge) | éan [eːnˠ] = bird, young bird, chick |
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | eun [ian] = bird, fowl, chicken |
Manx (Gaelg) | eean [jiːən] = chick, fowl, young (of birds); juvenile, cheeky child, brat |
Proto-Brythonic | edn = bird |
Old Welsh | atar = birds |
Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | edn [ˈɛdn] = bird |
Welsh (Cymraeg) | edn [ˈɛdn] = bird, fowl, fly, bee adar [ˈadar] = birds aderyn [aˈdɛrɨ̞n / aˈdeːrɪn] = bird |
Old Cornish | hethen = bird |
Cornish (Kernewek) | edhen = bird |
Middle Breton | ezn = bird |
Breton (Brezhoneg) | evn = bird |
Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ (wind, feather), which is also the root of the English word feather [source].
Breton (Brezhoneg) | labous = bird |
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Etymology: unknown
Old Irish (Goídelc) | uiseóc = lark |
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Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | (f)uiseóg = lark, skylark |
Irish (Gaeilge) | fuiseog = lark, skylark |
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | uiseag [ɯʃag] = lark, skylark |
Manx (Gaelg) | ushag [ˈoʒaɡ] = bird, shuttlecock |
Etymology: unknown
Proto-Celtic | *alaudā = bird |
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Gaulish | *alauda [ˈa.lau.daː] = skylark |
Etymology: unknown. Also the root of the Latin alauda (lark, skylark), and words for (sky)lark in Romance languages, such as the French alouette, the Spanish alondra and the Italian allodola [source].
Welsh (Cymraeg) | ehedydd [ɛˈhɛdɨ̞ð / ɛˈheːdɪð] = lark, skylark; flier, one that flies, bird or fowl |
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Old Cornish | evidit = lark, skylark |
Middle Breton | ehuedez = lark, skylark |
Etymology (Welsh): from ehedeg (to fly) and -ydd (-er) [source].
Cornish (Kernewek) | ahwesydh = lark, skylark |
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Breton (Brezhoneg) | alc’hweder = lark, skylark |
Etymology: unknown
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, MacBain’s Dictionary, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old-Irish Glossary, teanglann.ie, On-Line Manx Dictionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau