Words for stable, enclosure and related words in Celtic languages.
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
| Proto-Celtic | *kruw(y)os = enclosure *krāfo- = stable, enclosure |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | cró, cróe, cróa = enclosure, socket, stall, sty, horse-shoe, encirclement |
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | cró, cro = enclosure, fold, pen, sty, stall, hut, cell, prision, socket, box, container |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | cró [kɾˠoː / kɾˠɔː] = eye, socket; bore; aperture; ring; enclosure, fold, pen; (small) outhouse; mean dwelling, hovel; hollow cróicín = litte hut, hovel cróitín = small (sheep) fold, small outhouse cróbhuaile = enclosed milking-place cró beithíoch = byre, cowshed cró caorach = sheepfold, shieling cró cearc = henhouse cró coinín = rabbit hutch cró madra = (dog) kennel cró muc / muice = pigsty, piggery cró sorcais = circus ring |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | crò [krɔː] = circle, surround; enclosure, fold, pen; fishing weir; eye (of needle), socket; hay ladder crò-snàthaid = eye of a needle crò-chearc = chicken coop crò-mhuc = pigsty crò-buntàta = enclosed potato patch crò-chaorach = sheepfold |
| Manx (Gaelg) | croa = enclosure, compound, enclave, coop, fold, ring, corral, pen, aperture, notch croa cheyrragh = sheepcote croa chonning = rabbit hutch croa gheayil = (coal) bunker |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | creu, crau, kreu, craw = shed |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | crau / craw [kraɨ̯ / krai̯] = sty, hovel, pigsty; place of defence, stockade crau = hole, eye, aperture, perforation crewyn = pile, heap, rick, clamp, load crowyn, crywyn, crewyn = shed where animals are kept, sty, coop, kennel, creel, basket; belly, paunch |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | crow = hovel, hut, sty crow môh = pigsty |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | krow = hut krow deves = sheep-cot krow mogh = pigsty krow prenn = chalet krow yer = chicken shed |
| Old Breton | crou = pigsty |
| Middle Breton | kraou = pigsty |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | krao = eye (of a needle) krao an nadoz = eye of a needle kraou = stable kraou-deñved = sheep pen, sheepfold kraou lapined = (rabbit) hutch kraou-saout, kraou oc’hen = cowshed |
Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European *krāwə- (to cover, heap). The English word roof comes from the same PIE root (via Proto-Germanic), as does the Dutch word roef (cabin (on a boat), coffin lid), and the French word rouf (deckhouse) [source].
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | saball = barn |
|---|---|
| Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) | stábla = stable saball = barn |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | stábla = stable stáblachán = large unadorned house |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | stàball [sdaːbəl̪ˠ]= stable stàballach = of, or belonging to a stable, like a stable sabhal [sa.əl̪ˠ] = barn, granary |
| Manx (Gaelg) | stabyl = stable soalt = barn, granary |
| Proto-Brythonic | *ɨstavell = room |
| Old Welsh (Kembraec) | stebíll = room |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | estauell, ystauell, ystavell = room (e)stauellauc, ystauellawc = having a room, chambered, roomy |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | (y)stafell [(ə)sˈtavɛɬ] = room, building, hall, house, chamber, cave, ventricle, stable (?) (y)stafellu = to occupy a room, place in a room, become stuck ystafellaid = roomful (y)stafellaidd = pertaining to, held in, or like, a room, chambered ystafelles = chambermaid (y)stafellog = having a room, chambered, roomy (y)stafellty = cloister, close (y)stafellydd, ystafellwr = bedroom attendant, chamberlain, eunuch |
| Middle Cornish (Cernewec) | stevel, steuel = chamber, dining room |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | stevel = room stevel an klass = classroom stevel an lys = courtroom stevel-dhybri = dining room stevel-wortos = waiting room |
| Middle Breton | staul = room (?) |
Etymology: from Middle English stable (stable) or from Anglo-Norman stable (a place for keeping animals), from Latin stab(u)la (dwellings, stables), from stabulum (dwelling, stable, hut, tavern), from stō (to stand, stay, remain) and -bulum (instrumental suffix) [source].
The Brythonic words probably come directly from Vulgar Latin *(i)stabellum, from stabulum (dwelling, stable, hut, tavern) [source].
Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionaire Favereau, TermOfis, English – ProtoCeltic WordList (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic
