The verb to do & to make in Celtic languages.
| Proto-Celtic | *gniyeti = to make, to do |
|---|---|
| Old Irish (Goídelc) | dénai = to do gníid [ɡʲnʲiː.iðʲ] = to do |
| Irish (Gaeilge) | déan [dʲeːnˠ] = to do, to make |
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) | dèan [ʲian] = to do, to make, to act, to work, to perform |
| Manx (Gaelg) | jean = to do, to make |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | geni [ˈɡɛnɪ / ˈɡeːni] = to be born, give birth to, bring forth; beget, produce |
Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (to make) [source].
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
Sources: Wiktionary, Am Faclair Beag, Online Manx Dictionary, Teanglann.ie, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru
| Proto-Celtic | *wregeti = to make, to do |
|---|---|
| Old Irish | fairged = to make, to do |
| Middle Welsh (Kymraec) | gwneuthur = to make, to do |
| Welsh (Cymraeg) | gwneud [ɡwneɨ̯d / ɡwnei̯d] = to make, create, fashion, compose, construct, found, establish, pitch (a tent) |
| Cornish (Kernewek) | gul [gy:l / gi:l ] = to do, to create, to make |
| Old Breton | oper = to do, to make |
| Breton (Brezhoneg) | ober = to do, to make |
Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (to make), which is also the root of the English words work and wrought [source].
Words marked with a * are reconstructions.
Sources: Wiktionary, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, Gerlyver Kernewek, Dictionnaire Favereau