{"id":4134,"date":"2025-09-27T16:13:47","date_gmt":"2025-09-27T16:13:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?p=4134"},"modified":"2025-09-27T16:13:47","modified_gmt":"2025-09-27T16:13:47","slug":"celtic-pathways-rich-kingdoms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?p=4134","title":{"rendered":"Celtic Pathways &#8211; Rich Kingdoms"},"content":{"rendered":"<div itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/AudioObject\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Celtic Pathways &amp;#8211; Rich Kingdoms\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2025-09-27T16:13:47+00:00\" \/><meta itemprop=\"encodingFormat\" content=\"audio\/mpeg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT2M57S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"In this episode we discover the Celtic roots of words for kingdom, rich and related things in Germanic, Romance and other languages.\n\n\n\nThe Proto-Celtic word *r\u012bgyom means kingdom, and comes from Proto-Indo-European *h\u2083r\u1e17\u01f5s (king). Related words in P...\" \/><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/richkingdoms.mp3\" \/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"3.0\" \/><div class=\"powerpress_player\" id=\"powerpress_player_5020\"><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4134-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/richkingdoms.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/richkingdoms.mp3\">https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/richkingdoms.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/div><\/div><p class=\"powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3\" style=\"margin-bottom: 1px !important;\">Podcast: <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/richkingdoms.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_pinw\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Play in new window\" onclick=\"return powerpress_pinw('https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?powerpress_pinw=4134-podcast');\" rel=\"nofollow\">Play in new window<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/richkingdoms.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_d\" title=\"Download\" rel=\"nofollow\" download=\"richkingdoms.mp3\">Download<\/a><\/p><p>In this episode we discover the Celtic roots of words for <strong>kingdom<\/strong>, <strong>rich<\/strong> and related things in Germanic, Romance and other languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/georgea495\/54201716907\/in\/photolist-2qzBY5t-57y3oU-6R6ht4-XfmnjW-2k6WV2j-N14YDc-gudQMH-Xfmmgy-6KxogU-VKozpm-6fXBET-rq5uyH-6QTvXD-c41aR1-q8jUwZ-2jyZ3WJ-6QXAT7-2mMKXC3-2qzCLRK-cha31f-N14Zwp-2m2jz9g-G1cs21-ghJudQ-2mxqskN-fd1PuG-2i9dmzr-aAdvyM-LWmHDD-8t8Xhg-6QTv2a-LqUfao-8hKr4c-2pGrn9r-GJ1KAN-8P7DRg-bVABXm-ehid7a-2kz9YJJ-4des4T-dsbQsE-85s1Uv-ghJKaU-DAtJa2-aipsiS-GJ3Pcw-2nB46KN-2p7xGuR-567biM-26g5Aek\" title=\"Kings &amp; Queens\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/54201716907_32595310b3_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" alt=\"Kings &amp; Queens\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*r\u012bgyom<\/strong> means kingdom, and comes from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2083r\u1e17\u01f5s<\/em> (king). Related words in Proto-Celtic include <em>*r\u012bxs<\/em> (king) and <em>*r\u012bgan\u012b<\/em> (queen) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/r%C4%ABgyom\">source<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Related in the modern Celtic languages include:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>r\u00ed<\/strong> [\u027e\u02e0i\u02d0] = king and <strong>banr\u00edon<\/strong> [b\u02e0au(n\u032a\u02e0)\u02c8\u027e\u02e0i\u02d0n\u02b2] = queen in Irish<\/li>\n<li><strong>r\u00ecgh<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02b2i] = king and <strong>banrigh<\/strong> [b\u00e3\u0169n\u032ar\u032a\u02b2\u026a] = queen in Scottish Gaelic<\/li>\n<li><strong>ree<\/strong> [\u027ei\u02d0] = king and <strong>benrein<\/strong> = queen in Manx<\/li>\n<li><strong>rhi<\/strong> [r\u0325i\u02d0] = king and <strong>rhiain<\/strong> (woman, girl, queen, lady) in Welsh<\/li>\n<li><strong>ri<\/strong> = king in Cornish<\/li>\n<li><strong>ri<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0281i\u02d0] = king in Breton<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More details of words for <strong>king<\/strong>, <strong>queen<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages can be found in the Celtiadur post <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/04\/02\/king\/\">Kings and Queens<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*r\u012bgyom<\/strong> (kingdom) was borrowed into Proto-Germanic as <em>*r\u012bkij\u0105<\/em> (rulership, goverment, authority, realm, kingdom), and is the root of such words as <strong>rijk<\/strong> (realm, kingdom, empire, state) in Dutch, <strong>Reich<\/strong> (empire, state, realm) in German, <strong>\u0159\u00ed\u0161e<\/strong> (realm, empire, kingdom) in Czech, and <strong>rike<\/strong> (realm, kingdom, empire, nation) in Swedish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/r%C4%ABkij%C4%85\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The Proto-Celtic word <em>*r\u012bxs<\/em> (king) was borrowed into Proto-Germanic as <em>*r\u012bkijaz<\/em> (kingly, royal, noble, mighty, powerful, rich), which became <strong>rich<\/strong> in English, <strong>ryk<\/strong> (rich, wealthy) in Afrikaans, <strong>ricco<\/strong> (rich, wealthy, affluent) in Italian, and <strong>rikas<\/strong> (rich, wealthy, opulent, plentiful) in Finnish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/r%C4%ABkijaz\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The Proto-Celtic word <em>*r\u012bxs<\/em> (king) also found its way into names such as <strong>Friedrich<\/strong> and <strong>Heinrich<\/strong> in German, <strong>Henrik<\/strong> in Dutch (and other languages), and <strong>Roderick<\/strong>, <strong>Frederick<\/strong>, <strong>Henry<\/strong> and <strong>Richard<\/strong> in English [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/r%C4%ABks\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Other words from PIE root <em>*h\u2083r\u1e17\u01f5s<\/em> (king) include <strong>rey<\/strong> (king) and <strong>reina<\/strong> (queen) in Spanish, <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940<\/strong> (r\u0101n\u012b &#8211; queen, princess) in Hindi, and <strong>royal<\/strong>, <strong>regal<\/strong>, <strong>viceroy<\/strong> and maybe <strong>realm<\/strong> in English [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/h%E2%82%83r%E1%B8%97%C7%B5s\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Incidentally, the continents of <strong>America<\/strong> (initially it referred just to South America, then to North America as well) were named after the Italian explorer <strong>Amerigo Vespucci<\/strong>, and the name <strong>Amerigo<\/strong> comes ultimately from the Proto-Germanic name <em>Amalar\u012bks<\/em>, from  <em>amal\u0105<\/em> (hard work, stuggle) and <em>*r\u012bks<\/em> (king, ruler), from Proto-Celtic <em>*r\u012bxs<\/em> (king) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/America\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href=\"https:\/\/blubrry.com\/services\/podcast-hosting\/?code=omniglot\">Blubrry Podcast Hosting<\/a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- Blog horizontal --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"1685480124\"\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/AudioObject\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Celtic Pathways &amp;#8211; Rich Kingdoms\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2025-09-27T16:13:47+00:00\" \/><meta itemprop=\"encodingFormat\" content=\"audio\/mpeg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT2M57S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"In this episode we discover the Celtic roots of words for kingdom, rich and related things in Germanic, Romance and other languages.\n\n\n\nThe Proto-Celtic word *r\u012bgyom means kingdom, and comes from Proto-Indo-European *h\u2083r\u1e17\u01f5s (king). Related words in P...\" \/><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/richkingdoms.mp3\" \/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"3.0\" \/><div class=\"powerpress_player\" id=\"powerpress_player_5021\"><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4134-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/richkingdoms.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/richkingdoms.mp3\">https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/richkingdoms.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/div><\/div><p class=\"powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3\" style=\"margin-bottom: 1px !important;\">Podcast: <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/richkingdoms.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_pinw\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Play in new window\" onclick=\"return powerpress_pinw('https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?powerpress_pinw=4134-podcast');\" rel=\"nofollow\">Play in new window<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/richkingdoms.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_d\" title=\"Download\" rel=\"nofollow\" download=\"richkingdoms.mp3\">Download<\/a><\/p><p>In this episode we discover the Celtic roots of words for kingdom, rich and related things in Germanic, Romance and other languages. The Proto-Celtic word *r\u012bgyom means kingdom, and comes from Proto-Indo-European *h\u2083r\u1e17\u01f5s (king). Related words in Proto-Celtic include *r\u012bxs (king) and *r\u012bgan\u012b (queen) [source] Related in the modern Celtic languages include: r\u00ed [\u027e\u02e0i\u02d0] = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,38,122,37,33,47,20,56,125,24,113,6,4,36,11,1,94,57,59,5,28,30,7],"tags":[327,139,90,14,330,329,324,9,167,15,88,8,325,323,328,326,103],"class_list":["post-4134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-afrikaans","category-breton","category-celtic-pathways","category-cornish","category-czech","category-dutch","category-english","category-etymology","category-finnish-suomi","category-german","category-hindi-","category-irish","category-language","category-manx","category-music","category-podcast","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-germanic","category-proto-indo-european","category-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish","category-swedish","category-welsh","tag-america","tag-celtic","tag-etymology","tag-gaelic","tag-heinrich","tag-henry","tag-kingdom","tag-language","tag-linguistics","tag-music","tag-omniglot","tag-podcast","tag-reich","tag-rich","tag-richard","tag-rijk","tag-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4134"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4134\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4137,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4134\/revisions\/4137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}