{"id":2855,"date":"2023-07-07T16:23:50","date_gmt":"2023-07-07T16:23:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?p=2855"},"modified":"2023-07-07T16:23:51","modified_gmt":"2023-07-07T16:23:51","slug":"celtic-pathways-spears-and-sceptres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?p=2855","title":{"rendered":"Celtic Pathways &#8211; Spears and Sceptres"},"content":{"rendered":"<div itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/AudioObject\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Celtic Pathways &amp;#8211; Spears and Sceptres\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2023-07-07T16:23:50+00:00\" \/><meta itemprop=\"encodingFormat\" content=\"audio\/mpeg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT2M18S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"In this episode we find out what links the words spear and beam in Celtic languages with words for sceptre and arrow in other languages.\n\n\n\nThe Proto-Celtic word *gaisos means spear. It comes from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz [\u02c8\u0263\u0251i\u032f.z\u0251z] (spear, pike, jave...\" \/><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/spear.mp3\" \/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"1.9\" \/><div class=\"powerpress_player\" id=\"powerpress_player_166\"><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2855-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/spear.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/spear.mp3\">https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/spear.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/div><\/div><p class=\"powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3\" style=\"margin-bottom: 1px !important;\">Podcast: <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/spear.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_pinw\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Play in new window\" onclick=\"return powerpress_pinw('https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?powerpress_pinw=2855-podcast');\" rel=\"nofollow\">Play in new window<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/spear.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_d\" title=\"Download\" rel=\"nofollow\" download=\"spear.mp3\">Download<\/a><\/p><p>In this episode we find out what links the words <strong>spear<\/strong> and <strong>beam<\/strong> in Celtic languages with words for <strong>sceptre<\/strong> and <strong>arrow<\/strong> in other languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/robartes\/416240814\/in\/photolist-CMkTL-dhpbjU-5XL7Ji-7Cz8Cu-4SB12C-8kavdz-ydi1d-6qyLU5-5XQj5Y-5DmTHL-7cDL5m-7cw7cx-5F4iAH-7Cvzqp-7CuUtP-7Cvssx-7CvJt4-7CyP71-7Czx4s-7CviNM-7CymMC-7CyEFs-7CvM2i-7CvtZM-7Cvgpi-7Cvhbv-5DKnot-7cBQGA-7Cznyh-7CuXJ4-7CzJdW-7CuRSX-7Cv2Mv-7CztiU-7CziAb-7Cv3te-7CyoCj-7Cv4bK-7CvRne-7Cyjc9-7Czm73-7CyMyw-7Cyqos-7CzDdS-7Cvduv-7CvmQn-7Cux7k-7CzuMy-7CzE6y-7CzmSE\" title=\"Romano British spearmen\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/168\/416240814_1e35258460_z.jpg\" alt=\"Romano British spearmen\" width=\"640\" height=\"328\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>The Proto-Celtic word <em>*gaisos<\/em> means spear. It comes from Proto-Germanic <em>*gaizaz<\/em> [\u02c8\u0263\u0251i\u032f.z\u0251z] (spear, pike, javelin), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*\u01f5\u02b0oys\u00f3s<\/em> (throwing spear), from <em>*\u01f5\u02b0ey-<\/em> (to throw, impel) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/gaisos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Descendents in the modern Celtic languages include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ga<\/strong> [\u0261a]= spear, dart, sting, ray (of light), radius, suppository or (fishing) gaff in Irish.<\/li>\n<li><strong>gath<\/strong> [gah] = dart, beam, ray (of light), sting, barb or shooting pain in Scottish Gaelic<\/li>\n<li><strong>goull<\/strong> = beam, dart or ray in Manx<\/li>\n<li><strong>gwayw<\/strong> [\u0261we\u0268\u032f.\u028a] = lance, spear, javelin, shooting pain, stab, stitch or pang in Welsh<\/li>\n<li><strong>guw<\/strong> = spear in Cornish<\/li>\n<li><strong>goaf<\/strong> = spear, pike, javelin or stamen in Breton<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root in other languages include <strong>gezi<\/strong> [\u0261e\u031e.s\u033bi] (arrow) in Basque (via Latin and Gaulish), <strong>\u0563\u0561\u0575\u056b\u057d\u0578\u0576<\/strong> [\u0261\u0251ji\u02c8s\u0254n\/k\u02b0\u0251ji\u02c8s\u0254n] (sceptre) in Armenian (via Ancient Greek), <em>gaesum<\/em> (a Gaulish javelin) in Latin, and <em>\u03b3\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2<\/em> [\u0261\u00e2i\u032f.sos] (a Gaulish javelin) in Ancient Greek [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/%C7%B5%CA%B0oys%C3%B3s\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same Proto-Germanic root include <strong>garfish<\/strong> (any fish of the needlefish family <em>Belonidae<\/em>) in English [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/garfish#English\">source<\/a>], <strong>geer<\/strong> (spear) in Dutch, <strong>Ger<\/strong> (spear) in German, and <strong>keih\u00e4s<\/strong> (spear, javelin, pike) in Finnish, [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/gaizaz\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Incidentally, my surname, <strong>Ager<\/strong>, possibly comes from the same Proto-Germanic root as well, via the Old English name <em>\u0112adg\u0101r<\/em>, from <em>\u0113ad<\/em> (happiness, prosperity), and <em>g\u0101r<\/em> (spear) [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.surnamedb.com\/Surname\/Ager\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>You can find more details of words for spears, javelins and related things on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/07\/06\/spears-and-javelins\/\">Celtiadur<\/a> blog. I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/\">Omniglot Blog<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href=\"https:\/\/blubrry.com\/services\/podcast-hosting\/?code=omniglot\">Blubrry Podcast Hosting<\/a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/AudioObject\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Celtic Pathways &amp;#8211; Spears and Sceptres\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2023-07-07T16:23:50+00:00\" \/><meta itemprop=\"encodingFormat\" content=\"audio\/mpeg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT2M18S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"In this episode we find out what links the words spear and beam in Celtic languages with words for sceptre and arrow in other languages.\n\n\n\nThe Proto-Celtic word *gaisos means spear. It comes from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz [\u02c8\u0263\u0251i\u032f.z\u0251z] (spear, pike, jave...\" \/><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/spear.mp3\" \/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"1.9\" \/><div class=\"powerpress_player\" id=\"powerpress_player_167\"><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2855-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/spear.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/spear.mp3\">https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/spear.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/div><\/div><p class=\"powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3\" style=\"margin-bottom: 1px !important;\">Podcast: <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/spear.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_pinw\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Play in new window\" onclick=\"return powerpress_pinw('https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?powerpress_pinw=2855-podcast');\" rel=\"nofollow\">Play in new window<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/spear.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_d\" title=\"Download\" rel=\"nofollow\" download=\"spear.mp3\">Download<\/a><\/p><p>In this episode we find out what links the words spear and beam in Celtic languages with words for sceptre and arrow in other languages. The Proto-Celtic word *gaisos means spear. It comes from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz [\u02c8\u0263\u0251i\u032f.z\u0251z] (spear, pike, javelin), from Proto-Indo-European *\u01f5\u02b0oys\u00f3s (throwing spear), from *\u01f5\u02b0ey- (to throw, impel) [source]. Descendents in the modern [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,89,38,122,37,47,20,56,125,117,24,6,4,50,36,11,55,1,94,57,59,5,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-armenian","category-basque-euskera","category-breton","category-celtic-pathways","category-cornish","category-dutch","category-english","category-etymology","category-finnish-suomi","category-gaulish","category-german","category-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-manx","category-music","category-old-english-aenglisc","category-podcast","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-germanic","category-proto-indo-european","category-scottish-gaelic","category-welsh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2855"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2859,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2855\/revisions\/2859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}