{"id":2402,"date":"2022-12-10T15:12:23","date_gmt":"2022-12-10T15:12:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?p=2402"},"modified":"2022-12-10T15:56:35","modified_gmt":"2022-12-10T15:56:35","slug":"adventures-in-etymology-jail-gaol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?p=2402","title":{"rendered":"Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Jail \/ Gaol"},"content":{"rendered":"<div itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/AudioObject\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Adventures in Etymology &amp;#8211; Jail \/ Gaol\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2022-12-10T15:12:23+00:00\" \/><meta itemprop=\"encodingFormat\" content=\"audio\/mpeg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"In this Adventure we unlock the origins of the word jail \/ gaol.\n\n\n\nA jail \/ gaol [d\u0361\u0292e\u026a(\u0259)l] is:\n\n \tA place of confinement for persons held in lawful custody.\n\nGaol was the standard spelling in the UK and Australia until about the 1930s, when appare...\" \/><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/etymology\/jail.mp3\" \/><div class=\"powerpress_player\" id=\"powerpress_player_9881\"><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2402-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/etymology\/jail.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/etymology\/jail.mp3\">https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/etymology\/jail.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/div><\/div><p class=\"powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3\" style=\"margin-bottom: 1px !important;\">Podcast: <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/etymology\/jail.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_pinw\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Play in new window\" onclick=\"return powerpress_pinw('https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?powerpress_pinw=2402-podcast');\" rel=\"nofollow\">Play in new window<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/etymology\/jail.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_d\" title=\"Download\" rel=\"nofollow\" download=\"jail.mp3\">Download<\/a><\/p><p>In this Adventure we unlock the origins of the word <strong>jail \/ gaol<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/wojtekgurak\/3319557861\/in\/photolist-2XjCAX-64kAUe-64kB8v-64kAN8-64pQGh-LJurt-Q1cFcf-8m3mbc-64kB3R-2xHM1i-6V7qvF-66Tqi1-DnwcxP-4BtRLD-Jxud2z-2xHUEt-8K4HVR-cUhsCE-o4DKfi-9kqPd-hQtN62-DZgCU-suNfdX-A4TQE-iFWbN-iFWhy-pDzATS-fm5CU-dzPXF3-chJyM5-9vH2wR-65aNDW-iFWjT-iFW5i-4yYsY8-FWCfVc-2jt8tCx-4yYsXR-2jt5Ezv-ngZUbJ-ngZXLZ-2jt5Feg-2jt9Mxz-2jt5ErK-pFKpbC-9F6HkG-nhhkBV\" title=\"Kilmainham Gaol\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/3631\/3319557861_8bfdb4eacd_z.jpg\" alt=\"Kilmainham Gaol\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>A <strong>jail \/ gaol<\/strong> [d\u0361\u0292e\u026a(\u0259)l] is:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A place of confinement for persons held in lawful custody.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Gaol<\/strong> was the standard spelling in the UK and Australia until about the 1930s, when apparently the game Monopoly popularised the <strong>jail<\/strong> spelling. It comes from the Middle English <em>gai(o)le<\/em> (jail, prison, birdcage), from the Old North French <em>gaiole<\/em> (cave, prison), from the Medieval Latin <em>gabiola<\/em> (cage) from the Late Latin <em>caveola<\/em>, a diminuative of <em>cavea<\/em> (hollow, cavity, cage), from <em>cavus<\/em> (hollow, concave) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/jail#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jail<\/strong> comes from the Middle English <em>jaile<\/em> (jail, prison, birdcage), from the  Old French <em>jaiole<\/em> (cage, prison), from the same Latin roots as <em>gaol<\/em>. Both words come from the Proto-Italic <em>*kawos<\/em>, and possibly from the PIE <em>*\u1e31owh\u2081\u00f3s<\/em> (hollow), from <em>*\u1e31ewh\u2081-<\/em> (to swell) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/cavus#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>English words from the same roots include <strong>cave<\/strong>, <strong>cavern<\/strong>, <strong>cavity<\/strong>, <strong>cage<\/strong> and <strong>church<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Category:English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*%E1%B8%B1ewh%E2%82%81-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Apparently in the USA a <strong>jail<\/strong> is under the jurisdiction of a local government (such as a county) and is used to confine people awaiting trail or those convicted of minor crimes [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/jail\">source<\/a>], while a <strong>prison<\/strong> is under state jurisdiction and is used to confine those convicted of serious crimes [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/prison\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/\">Omniglot Blog<\/a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/\">Celtiadur<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/gb\/podcast\/radio-omniglot\/id1432641094\">Apple Podcasts<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/music.amazon.com\/podcasts\/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3\/radio-omniglot\">Amazon Music<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stitcher.com\/podcast\/radio-omniglot\">Stitcher<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/tunein.com\/podcasts\/Education-Podcasts\/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145\/\">TuneIn<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podchaser.com\/podcasts\/radio-omniglot-716327\">Podchaser<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/player.fm\/series\/radio-omniglot\">PlayerFM<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/podtail.com\/da\/podcast\/radio-omniglot\/\">podtail<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/uk\/cgi-bin\/webscr?cmd=_flow&amp;SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&amp;dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63\">PayPal<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/omniglot\">Patreon<\/a>, or <a href=\"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/donations.htm\">contribute to Omniglot in other ways<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/AudioObject\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Adventures in Etymology &amp;#8211; Jail \/ Gaol\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2022-12-10T15:12:23+00:00\" \/><meta itemprop=\"encodingFormat\" content=\"audio\/mpeg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"In this Adventure we unlock the origins of the word jail \/ gaol.\n\n\n\nA jail \/ gaol [d\u0361\u0292e\u026a(\u0259)l] is:\n\n \tA place of confinement for persons held in lawful custody.\n\nGaol was the standard spelling in the UK and Australia until about the 1930s, when appare...\" \/><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/etymology\/jail.mp3\" \/><div class=\"powerpress_player\" id=\"powerpress_player_9882\"><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2402-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/etymology\/jail.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/etymology\/jail.mp3\">https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/etymology\/jail.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/div><\/div><p class=\"powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3\" style=\"margin-bottom: 1px !important;\">Podcast: <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/etymology\/jail.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_pinw\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Play in new window\" onclick=\"return powerpress_pinw('https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?powerpress_pinw=2402-podcast');\" rel=\"nofollow\">Play in new window<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/etymology\/jail.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_d\" title=\"Download\" rel=\"nofollow\" download=\"jail.mp3\">Download<\/a><\/p><p>In this Adventure we unlock the origins of the word jail \/ gaol. A jail \/ gaol [d\u0361\u0292e\u026a(\u0259)l] is: A place of confinement for persons held in lawful custody. Gaol was the standard spelling in the UK and Australia until about the 1930s, when apparently the game Monopoly popularised the jail spelling. It comes from [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[98,20,56,4,50,58,109,1,59,133],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adventures-in-etymology","category-english","category-etymology","category-language","category-latin","category-middle-english","category-old-french-franceis","category-podcast","category-proto-indo-european","category-proto-italic"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2402","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2402"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2402\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2410,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2402\/revisions\/2410"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2402"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2402"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2402"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}