{"id":2157,"date":"2022-08-26T16:24:38","date_gmt":"2022-08-26T16:24:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?p=2157"},"modified":"2022-08-26T16:24:40","modified_gmt":"2022-08-26T16:24:40","slug":"celtic-pathways-servants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?p=2157","title":{"rendered":"Celtic Pathways &#8211; Servants"},"content":{"rendered":"<div itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/AudioObject\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Celtic Pathways &amp;#8211; Servants\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2022-08-26T16:24:38+00:00\" \/><meta itemprop=\"encodingFormat\" content=\"audio\/mpeg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"In this episode we\u2019re looking at words for servants and related people.\n\n\n\nThe Proto-Celtic word *ambaxtos means servant and comes from *ambi- (around),\u200e *ageti (to drive) and\u200e *-os, from the Proto-Indo-European word *h\u2082m\u0325b\u02b0i-h\u2082e\u01f5- (drive around) [so...\" \/><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/servants.mp3\" \/><div class=\"powerpress_player\" id=\"powerpress_player_8498\"><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2157-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/servants.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/servants.mp3\">https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/servants.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/div><\/div><p class=\"powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3\" style=\"margin-bottom: 1px !important;\">Podcast: <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/servants.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_pinw\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Play in new window\" onclick=\"return powerpress_pinw('https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?powerpress_pinw=2157-podcast');\" rel=\"nofollow\">Play in new window<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/servants.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_d\" title=\"Download\" rel=\"nofollow\" download=\"servants.mp3\">Download<\/a><\/p><p>In this episode we\u2019re looking at words for <strong>servants<\/strong> and related people.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/tourscotland\/5014775375\/in\/photolist-8D931p-5osd8M-di7ma9-MABmvM-c6QgN9-AERJqT-3EqQji-8Bv7z4-493ov3-ayewLg-5xntNF-RyXtmf-Y8AFEM-6bcYak-df655E-pNHS5-p9Z5Dn-8Bvbfz-pNKiE-8Byhbs-pNHEA-pNHVg-pNHBn-df4EfR-pNJRY-pNJDB-pNJuV-pNK5d-df6h6M-pNHNg-aBytk9-df63yy-pNJPr-df6jEA-pNK39-Y4XVZ1-aBuD7P-ACxhXp-AMetgW-bpoFaC-8BygCJ-R1ZRSA-arJwCX-rJ2ZfX-wP1Dbm-pb23NB-fv61VH-AERhuK-BhxMdD-pRQCRk\" title=\"Tour Scotland March Horse Ploughing\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4153\/5014775375_2c32e1ecc3_z.jpg\" alt=\"Tour Scotland March Horse Ploughing\" width=\"640\" height=\"301\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*ambaxtos<\/strong> means servant and comes from <em>*ambi-<\/em> (around),\u200e <em>*ageti<\/em> (to drive) and\u200e <em>*-os<\/em>, from the Proto-Indo-European word <em>*h\u2082m\u0325b\u02b0i-h\u2082e\u01f5-<\/em> (drive around) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/ambaxtos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>It became <strong>ambaxtos<\/strong> (vassal, high-ranking servant) in Gaulish, <strong>amaeth<\/strong> [\u02c8ame\u0268\u032f\u03b8 \/ \u02c8amei\u032f\u03b8] (ploughman, husbandman, farmer, agriculture) in Welsh, <strong>ammeth<\/strong> (agriculture, farming) in Cornish, <strong>amhas<\/strong> (hireling, servant, mercenary, hooligan) in Irish, <strong>amhas<\/strong> [au.\u0259s] (savage, wild person, madman) in Scottish Gaelic [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/ambaxtos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The English word <strong>amassador<\/strong> comes from the same root, via the Middle English <em>ambassadore<\/em> from the Anglo-Norman <em>ambassadeur<\/em> (ambassador), from the Old Italian <em>ambassadore<\/em>, from the Old Occitan <em>ambaisador<\/em> (ambassador), from <em>ambaissa<\/em> (service, mission, errand), from the Medieval Latin <em>ambasiator<\/em> (ambassador), from the Gothic <em>\ud800\udf30\ud800\udf3d\ud800\udf33\ud800\udf31\ud800\udf30\ud800\udf37\ud800\udf44\ud800\udf39<\/em> (andbahti &#8211; service, function), from the Proto-Germanic <em>*ambahtaz<\/em> [\u02c8\u0251m.b\u0251x.t\u0251z] (servant), from the Gaulish <em>*ambaxtos<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/ambassador\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The word <strong>embassy<\/strong> comes from the same Gaulish word, via a similarly convoluted etymology [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/embassy#English\">source<\/a>], as does <strong>ambacht<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0251mb\u0251xt] (craft, craftmanship, trade) in Dutch, <strong>amb\u00e1tt<\/strong> [\u02c8am.pauht] (female slave, bondwoman, handmaid) in Icelandic, and <strong>ammatti<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0251m\u02d0\u0251t\u032a\u02d0i] (profession, vocation, occupation) in Finnish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/ambahtaz\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Another Proto-Celtic word for servant is <strong>*wastos<\/strong> which possibly comes from the Proto-Indo-European word <em>*upo-sth\u2082-o-s<\/em> (standing beneath) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/wastos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Related words in Celtic languages include: <strong>*wassos<\/strong> (young man, squire) in Gaulish, <strong>gwas<\/strong> [\u0261wa\u02d0s] (servant, lad, boy) in Welsh, <strong>gwas<\/strong> (chap, fellow, guy, servant) in Cornish, <strong>gwas<\/strong> (man, husband, servant, employee) in Breton, and <strong>foss<\/strong> (attendant, man-servant, servant) in Old Irish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/wastos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The English word <strong>vassal<\/strong> comes from the same Celtic roots, via the Old French <em>vassal<\/em>, the Medieval Latin <em>vassallus<\/em> (manservant, domestic, retainer), from the Latin <em>vassus<\/em> (servant) from the Gaulish <em>*wassos<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/vassal#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/08\/26\/servants\/\">More details about these words on Celtiadur<\/a>, a blog where I explore connections between Celtic languages in more depth.<\/p>\n<p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/\">Omniglot Blog<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/gb\/podcast\/radio-omniglot\/id1432641094\">Apple Podcasts<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/music.amazon.com\/podcasts\/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3\/radio-omniglot\">Amazon Music<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stitcher.com\/podcast\/radio-omniglot\">Stitcher<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/tunein.com\/podcasts\/Education-Podcasts\/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145\/\">TuneIn<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podchaser.com\/podcasts\/radio-omniglot-716327\">Podchaser<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/player.fm\/series\/radio-omniglot\">PlayerFM<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/podtail.com\/da\/podcast\/radio-omniglot\/\">podtail<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/uk\/cgi-bin\/webscr?cmd=_flow&amp;SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&amp;dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63\">PayPal<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/omniglot\">Patreon<\/a>, or <a href=\"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/donations.htm\">contribute to Omniglot in other ways<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/AudioObject\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Celtic Pathways &amp;#8211; Servants\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2022-08-26T16:24:38+00:00\" \/><meta itemprop=\"encodingFormat\" content=\"audio\/mpeg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"In this episode we\u2019re looking at words for servants and related people.\n\n\n\nThe Proto-Celtic word *ambaxtos means servant and comes from *ambi- (around),\u200e *ageti (to drive) and\u200e *-os, from the Proto-Indo-European word *h\u2082m\u0325b\u02b0i-h\u2082e\u01f5- (drive around) [so...\" \/><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/servants.mp3\" \/><div class=\"powerpress_player\" id=\"powerpress_player_8499\"><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2157-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/servants.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/servants.mp3\">https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/servants.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/div><\/div><p class=\"powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3\" style=\"margin-bottom: 1px !important;\">Podcast: <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/servants.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_pinw\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Play in new window\" onclick=\"return powerpress_pinw('https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?powerpress_pinw=2157-podcast');\" rel=\"nofollow\">Play in new window<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/media.blubrry.com\/radio_omniglot\/www.omniglot.com\/soundfiles\/celticpathways\/servants.mp3\" class=\"powerpress_link_d\" title=\"Download\" rel=\"nofollow\" download=\"servants.mp3\">Download<\/a><\/p><p>In this episode we\u2019re looking at words for servants and related people. The Proto-Celtic word *ambaxtos means servant and comes from *ambi- (around),\u200e *ageti (to drive) and\u200e *-os, from the Proto-Indo-European word *h\u2082m\u0325b\u02b0i-h\u2082e\u01f5- (drive around) [source]. It became ambaxtos (vassal, high-ranking servant) in Gaulish, amaeth [\u02c8ame\u0268\u032f\u03b8 \/ \u02c8amei\u032f\u03b8] (ploughman, husbandman, farmer, agriculture) in Welsh, ammeth [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,122,37,47,20,56,117,29,6,4,50,36,58,55,109,1,94,57,59,5,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-celtic-pathways","category-cornish","category-dutch","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaulish","category-icelandic","category-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-manx","category-middle-english","category-old-english-aenglisc","category-old-french-franceis","category-podcast","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-germanic","category-proto-indo-european","category-scottish-gaelic","category-welsh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2157"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2157\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2162,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2157\/revisions\/2162"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}