{"id":9275,"date":"2026-08-18T13:26:23","date_gmt":"2026-08-18T12:26:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=9275"},"modified":"2026-08-18T14:23:07","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T13:23:07","slug":"you-yourself","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2026\/08\/18\/you-yourself\/","title":{"rendered":"You Yourself"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In this post we&rsquo;re looking at words for <strong>you<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/rolfdietrichbrecher\/39489006874\/in\/photolist-23avtY7-7E2BHB-5hR5Y9-7DU348-2rX5NK5-2nXLgg6-EvKsUz-2pvTQDR-2iPp4iH-58eg4c-2q7KMrt-2s1LN3x-7NpCdR-2eLxXEs-6Sx74B-2poubrd-ygbkN-dz3aWY-2oDNQzm-Jj9BAH-2pHMtPp-AczoyE-2nEvxZe-8zW8BH-2knxmoi-2r4JmRT-9Dz5De-29Knsh3-PVmAkW-2hdb3YE-5Z9sCY-2kXfgkd-pVLW6g-2hpYFxC-cX5YbU-2hK9KmW-27EQDa7-yE5wfQ-6wTCW8-2oqAA3E-2fJHPLJ-opAGBC-2qBCQQm-PSXmpz-weRUri-eX1PVc-2pApuaZ-ACdWFh-7cNGQU-2ndKKUt\" title=\"who are you?\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4721\/39489006874_3a345ae110_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"472\" alt=\"who are you?\"><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*t&#363;<\/strong> = you (singular), thou<br>\n<strong>*towe<\/strong> = your, thy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>tu<\/strong> = you (singular), thou<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>t&uacute;<\/strong> [t&#810;u&#720;] = you (singular)<br>\n<strong>tussu, t&uacute;su<\/strong> [&#712;t&#810;u.su] = you (singular, emphatic)<br>\n<strong>do<\/strong> = your (singular)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>t&uacute;, tu<\/strong> = you (singular)<br>\n<strong>t&uacute;su, t&uacute;su, tussu, t&uacute;ssu<\/strong> = you (singular, emphatic)<br>\n<strong>do<\/strong> = your (singular)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>t&uacute;<\/strong> [t&#810;&#736;u&#720;] = you (singular)<br>\n<strong>t&uacute; fh&eacute;in<\/strong> [t&#810;&#736;u&#720; he&#720;n&#690;] = yourself<br>\n<strong>tusa<\/strong> [&#712;t&#810;&#736;&#606;s&#736;&#601; \/ &#712;t&#810;&#736;&#616;s&#736;&#601;] = you (singular, emphatic)<br>\n<strong>do<\/strong> = your (singular)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>thu<\/strong> [u] = you (singular)<br>\n<strong>thu fh&egrave;in<\/strong> [u he&#720;n] = yourself<br>\n<strong>thusa<\/strong> [&#712;us&#601;] = you (singular, emphatic)<br>\n<strong>do<\/strong> [d&#601;] = your (singular), thy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oo<\/strong> [u(&#720;)] = you (singular)<br>\n<strong>oo-hene<\/strong> [u he&#720;n] = yourself<br>\n<strong>uss<\/strong> [&#712;t&#810;u.su] = you (singular, emphatic)<br>\n<strong>dty<\/strong> = your (singular)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ti<\/strong> = you (singular)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ti<\/strong> = you (singular)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ti, ty<\/strong> = you (singular), thou, thee<br>\n<strong>titheu, thithau<\/strong> = you too, you also, even you<br>\n<strong>dy (&hellip; di)<\/strong> = your (singular), thy, thine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ti<\/strong> [ti&#720;] = you (singular)<br>\n<strong>chdi<\/strong> [&chi;di&#720;] = you (singular &ndash; northern)<br>\n<strong>tithau<\/strong> [&#712;t&#618;&theta;a&#616;&#815;] = you too, you also, even you<br>\n<strong>chdithau<\/strong> [&#712;&chi;di&#720;&theta;a&#616;&#815;] = you too, etc (northern)<br>\n<strong>dy (&hellip; di)<\/strong> [d&#601;] = your (singular)<br>\n<strong>dy hun(an)<\/strong> [d&#601;  &#712;h&#616;&#798;nan \/ d&#601; &#712;hi&#720;nan] = yourself<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec \/ Kernuak)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ti, te, ty<\/strong> = thou, thee<br>\n<strong>da, dha, dhe<\/strong> = your (singular)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ty, che, chy<\/strong> = you (singular)<br>\n<strong>dha, &lsquo;th<\/strong> = your (singular)<br>\n<strong>dha honan<\/strong> = yourself<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ti, te<\/strong> = you (singular)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>te<\/strong> = you (singular)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>te<\/strong> [te&#720;] = you (singular)<br>\n<strong>te ivez<\/strong> [te&#720;] = you (singular, emphatic)<br>\n<strong>teal<\/strong> [&#712;te&#720;.al] = to address someone informally (with te)<br>\n<strong>da<\/strong> = your (singular)<br>\n<strong>da-unan<\/strong> = yourself<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from PIE <em>*t&uacute;h&#8322;<\/em> (you, thou) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/t%C5%AB\">source<\/a>] and <em>*t&eacute;we<\/em> (your) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/towe\">source<\/a>]. Many words for you (singular) in other Indo-European languages come from the same roots [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/t%C3%BAh%E2%82%82\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*sw&#299;s<\/strong> = you (plural)<br>\n<strong>*sw&#299;sw&#299;s<\/strong> = you (plural, emphatic)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>suis<\/strong> = you (plural)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sib, s&iacute;(i)<\/strong> [&#712;s&#690;i&beta;&#690; \/ &#712;s&#690;i&#720;] = you (plural), ye<br>\n<strong>sibsi, sissi<\/strong> [&#712;s&#690;i&beta;&#690; \/ &#712;s&#690;i.s&#690;i] = you (plural, emphatic)<br>\n<strong>for<\/strong> = your (plural)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sib<\/strong> = you (plural)<br>\n<strong>sis(s)i<\/strong> = you (plural, emphatic)<br>\n<strong>for, far<\/strong> = your (plural)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sibh<\/strong> [&#643;&#618;v&#690;] = you (plural)<br>\n<strong>sibh fh&eacute;in<\/strong> [&#643;&#618;v&#690; he&#720;n&#690;] = yourselves<br>\n<strong>sibhse<\/strong> [&#712;&#643;iv&#690;&#643;&#601;] = you (plural, emphatic)<br>\n<strong>bhur<\/strong> = your (plural)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sibh<\/strong> [&#643;&#618;v] = you (plural)<br>\n<strong>sibh fh&egrave;in<\/strong> [&#643;&#618;v he&#720;n&#690;] = yourselves<br>\n<strong>sibhsa<\/strong> [&#643;i&#720;v&#643;&#601;] = you (plural, emphatic)<br>\n<strong>ur n-<\/strong> [&#601;r n] = your (plural)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>shiu<\/strong> [&#643;u&#720;] = you (plural)<br>\n<strong>shiu-hene<\/strong> [&#643;u&#720;hen] = yourselves<br>\n<strong>shiush<\/strong> [&#712;&#643;u&#720;&#643;] = you (plural, emphatic)<br>\n<strong>nyn<\/strong> = your (plural)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*hwi<\/strong> = you (plural)<br>\n<strong>*hwihwi<\/strong> = you (plural, emphatic)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hui<\/strong> = you (plural)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>chwi, chi<\/strong> = you, ye (plural)<br>\n<strong>chw(i)chwi<\/strong> = you, ye (plural, emphatic), you yourselves<br>\n<strong>y ch, ych, &lsquo;ch<\/strong> = your (plural)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>chwi, chi<\/strong> [&chi;(w)&#618;] = you (plural)<br>\n<strong>chi hun(ain)<\/strong> [&chi;&#618; &#712;h&#616;&#798;n(ai&#815;n) \/ &#712;hi&#720;n(ai&#815;n)] = yourselves<br>\n<strong>chithau<\/strong> [&#712;&chi;&#618;&theta;a&#616;&#815; \/ &#712;&chi;&#618;&theta;ai&#815;] = you also, and you too<br>\n<strong>chwychwi, chwchwim chychwi<\/strong> = you (plural, emphatic), you yourselves<br>\n<strong>eich (&hellip; chi)<\/strong> [ei&#815;&chi;] = your (plural)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec \/ Kernuak)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hwi, hw&icirc;, why<\/strong> = ye, you (plural)<br>\n<strong>agas, ages, agis, agos, agys<\/strong> = your (plural)<br>\n<strong>ages honan<\/strong> = yourselves<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hwi, hwei<\/strong> = you (plural)<br>\n<strong>hwyhwi<\/strong> = you (plural, emphatic)<br>\n<strong>agas, &lsquo;gas, &lsquo;s<\/strong> [a&#609;&#601;s \/ a&#609;&#601;z] = your (plural)<br>\n<strong>agas honan<\/strong> = yourselves<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hui<\/strong> = you (plural)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>huy<\/strong> = you (plural)<br>\n<strong>hoz, ho<\/strong> = your (plural)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>c&rsquo;hwi, hwi<\/strong> [&#712;xwi&#720;] = you (plural)<br>\n<strong>c&rsquo;hwi ivez<\/strong> = you (plural, emphatic)<br>\n<strong>c&rsquo;hwial<\/strong> [&#712;xwi&#720;al] = to address someone formally (with c&rsquo;hwi)<br>\n<strong>ho, hoc&rsquo;h<\/strong> = your (plural)<br>\n<strong>hoc&rsquo;h-unan<\/strong> = yourselves<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from PIE <em>*wos<\/em>, the oblique form of <em>*y&uacute;Hs<\/em> (you (plural)) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/sw%C4%ABs\">source<\/a>]. Many words for you (plural) in other Indo-European languages come from the same roots [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/y%C3%BAHs\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &ndash; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D&uacute;il B&eacute;lrai English &ndash; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &ndash; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this post we&#8217;re looking at words for you and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *t\u016b = you (singular), thou *towe = your, thy Gaulish tu = you (singular), thou Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) t\u00fa [t\u032au\u02d0] = you (singular) tussu, t\u00fasu [\u02c8t\u032au.su] = you (singular, emphatic) do = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,25,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,8,10,40,447,11,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[52,80,51,145,48,47,53,49,55,452,454,50,451,448,449,450],"class_list":["post-9275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-pronouns","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words","tag-breton","tag-celtic","tag-cornish","tag-etymology","tag-gaelic","tag-irish","tag-language","tag-manx","tag-scottish-gaelic","tag-thou","tag-thy","tag-welsh","tag-ye","tag-you","tag-your","tag-yourself"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9275"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9293,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9275\/revisions\/9293"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}