{"id":9216,"date":"2026-06-04T14:38:51","date_gmt":"2026-06-04T13:38:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=9216"},"modified":"2026-06-04T14:38:52","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T13:38:52","slug":"fasting-fridays","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2026\/06\/04\/fasting-fridays\/","title":{"rendered":"Fasting Fridays"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In this post we&#8217;re looking at words for <strong>fast(ing)<\/strong>, <strong>abstinence<\/strong>, <strong>Friday<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/rexdude\/30239851572\/in\/photolist-N5c9kf-cYDscs-6scCmb-by22DL-bXDXA5-5Fc84y-7RZCEf-6S7hgP-4fNvgA-5qWQmN-duBgo2-2nhQPiS-c5P1eh-6nv8b-2nhTb5z-2nhRQ79-7EjZrg-9BEsQ-dbjQjz-MLdP83-S6BcWQ-5pwRKP-2oZDcRB-2hkxC2c-92Rrzm-2iJnQw8-egsiyL-GPYf6g-hmkkjP-2krUNJU-2o2nac4-ovmoRg-5jhRy9-2p64ueE-2o2jGBk-2o2nvLD-2o2hkcB-2s46N1E-2o2m9fk-2o2n9X1-2o2na5a-2o2m9ig-2o2jGAD-kYgJDU-ebKq53-2o2nvTx-fcJDGa-fcJDwB-JbPTLC-bKggfD\" title=\"Abstinence\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/5699\/30239851572_a18cb433f1_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" alt=\"Abstinence\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>a\u00edn(e)<\/strong> [\u02c8a\u02d0i\u032fn\u02b2] = fast, fasting (period of time when one abstains from or eats very little food)<br \/>\n<strong>a\u00ednid<\/strong> = to fast<br \/>\n<strong>C\u00e9ta\u00edn<\/strong> [\u02c8k\u02b2e\u02d0.d\u032aa\u02d0i\u032fn\u02b2] = Wednesday (&#8220;first fast&#8221;)<br \/>\n<strong>Dard\u00f3in<\/strong> [d\u032aa\u027e\u02c8d\u032aa\u02d0i\u032fn\u02b2] = Thursday (<em>a contraction of <strong>etar-d\u00e1-\u00f3in<\/strong> &#8211; &#8220;between two fasts&#8221;<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>a\u00edn d\u00eddine, o\u00edn d\u00eddine<\/strong> = Friday (&#8220;last fast&#8221;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>a\u00edn<\/strong> = fast, period of fasting<br \/>\n<strong>a\u00ednid<\/strong> = to fast, to keep a fast<br \/>\n<strong>a\u00edntech<\/strong> = abstemious, ascetic<br \/>\n<strong>c\u00e9ta\u00edn(e), cetain, c\u00e9tain<\/strong> [\u02c8k\u02b2e\u02d0.d\u032aa\u02d0i\u032fn\u02b2] = Wednesday<br \/>\n<strong>dardo\u00edn, dard\u00e1in, dardain<\/strong> = Thursday<br \/>\n<strong>a\u00edn d\u00eddin(e), a\u00edn d\u00edden<\/strong> = Friday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aoine<\/strong> [\u02c8i\u02d0n\u02b2\u0259] = fast, fasting, abstinence (<em>archaic<\/em>), Friday<br \/>\n<strong>aointeach<\/strong> = falling on \/ pertaining to Friday<br \/>\n<strong>(D\u00e9) C\u00e9adaoin<\/strong> [(d\u02b2e\u02d0) \u02c8ce\u02d0d\u032a\u02e0i\u02d0n\u02b2] = (on) Wednesday<br \/>\n<strong>D\u00e9ardaoin<\/strong> [\u02ccd\u02b2e\u02d0\u027e\u02e0\u02c8d\u032a\u02e0i\u02d0n\u02b2 \/ d\u02b2a\u027e\u02e0\u02c8d\u032a\u02e0i\u02d0n\u02b2] = (on) Thursday<br \/>\n<strong>D\u00e9 hAoine<\/strong> [d\u02b2e\u02d0 \u02c8hi\u02d0n\u02b2\u0259 \/ d\u02b2a\u02c8hi\u02d0n\u02b2\u0259] = (on) Friday<br \/>\n<strong>Aoine an Ch\u00e9asta<\/strong> = Good Friday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aoine<\/strong> [\u026f\u02d0n\u032a\u02b2\u0259] = Friday, fast, fast-day<br \/>\n<strong>aoineach<\/strong> [\u026f\u02d0n\u032a\u02b2\u0259x] = fasting, fast<br \/>\n<strong>DiCiadain<\/strong> [d\u02b2\u026a\u02c8k\u02b2i\u0259d\u026an\u032a\u02b2] = Wednesday<br \/>\n<strong>DiDaoirne<\/strong> [d\u02b2\u026a\u02c8d\u026f\u02d0r\u032an\u032a\u02b2\u0259] = Thursday<br \/>\n<strong>DihAoine<\/strong> [d\u02b2\u026a\u02c8h\u026f\u02d0n\u032a\u02b2\u0259] = Friday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>Yn Eney<\/strong> [t\u0283eu] = Friday<br \/>\n<strong>Jeheiney<\/strong> [d\u0292e\u02c8h\u0259\u02d0n\u02b2\u0259] = (on) Friday<br \/>\n<strong>Jardain, Jerdein<\/strong> = (on) Thursday<br \/>\n<strong>Jecrean, Crean, Curain<\/strong> = (on) Wednesday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>unpryt, vnpryd, vn pryt, ympryt, umpryt<\/strong> = a fast(ing), hunger strike<br \/>\n<strong>ym prydant, vn prydyaf, vmprydio<\/strong> = to fast, to be or go on hunger strike, to keep (a fast)<br \/>\n<strong>unprydyawl, ymprydiol, vnprytiol<\/strong> = pertaining to a fast or fasting, hungry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ympryd, umpryd, unpryd, un pryd<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0259mpr\u0268\u031ed \/ \u02c8\u0259mpr\u026ad] = a fast(ing), hunger strike<br \/>\n<strong>ymprydiaeth<\/strong> = a fast(ing)<br \/>\n<strong>ympryd(i)o<\/strong> = to fast, to be or go on hunger strike, to keep (a fast)<br \/>\n<strong>ymprydiol, unprydiol<\/strong> = pertaining to a fast or fasting, hungry<br \/>\n<strong>ymprydiwr<\/strong> = one who fasts, faster<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>yeun, iun, iunou, yun, jun<\/strong> = fasting<br \/>\n<strong>yunaff<\/strong> = to fast<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>yun<\/strong> [j\u1ef9\u02d0n] = fasting<br \/>\n<strong>yunadenn<\/strong> = a period of fasting<br \/>\n<strong>yunan, yuna\u00f1, yuni\u00f1<\/strong> [\u02c8j\u1ef9\u02d0.n\u00e3 \/ \u02c8j\u1ef9\u02d0.n\u0129] = to fast<br \/>\n<strong>yuner \/ yunerez<\/strong> [\u02c8j\u1ef9\u02d0.n\u025br \/ jy.\u02c8ne\u02d0.res] = fasting person, hunger strike<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Latin <em>iei\u016bnium<\/em> (fast [day], fasting, Lent, hunger), from <em>iei\u016bnus<\/em> (fasting, abstinent, hungry), Proto-Italic <em>*jagj\u016bnos<\/em>, from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2081ya\u01f5-yu-s<\/em>, from <em>*h\u2081ya\u01f5-<\/em> (to sacrifice, worship) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/a%C3%ADn#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>Words from the same roots include <strong>dinner<\/strong> and <strong>jentacular<\/strong> (pertaining to breakfast) in English, <strong>xantar<\/strong> (dinner, lunch) in Galician, <strong>yantar<\/strong> (to lunch, dine, eat) in Spanish, <strong>\u03ac\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> (\u00e1gios &#8211; holy, saintly, Saint) in Greek, and <strong>\u062c\u0634\u0646<\/strong> (ja\u0161n &#8211; celebration, festival, feast) in Persian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/h%E2%82%81ya%C7%B5-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>troscad, troscud<\/strong> = (coercive) fasting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>troscad, troscud<\/strong> = (act of) fasting<br \/>\n<strong>troiscid, troscaid, troscad<\/strong> = to fast<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>troisc<\/strong> [t\u032a\u02e0\u027e\u02e0\u0254s\u02e0k] = fast<br \/>\n<strong>troscach<\/strong> = fasting<br \/>\n<strong>troscadh<\/strong> [\u02c8t\u032a\u02e0\u027e\u02e0os\u02e0k\u0259 \/ \u02c8t\u032a\u02e0\u027e\u02e0\u028cs\u02e0k\u0259] = to fast, fasting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trasg<\/strong> [trasg] = fasting, fasting, diet, dieting<br \/>\n<strong>traisg<\/strong> = to fast, diet<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e0-trasgaidh<\/strong> = fast-day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trostey<\/strong> = fasting<br \/>\n<strong>brishey trostey<\/strong> = breakfast<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Latin <em>iei\u016bnium<\/em> (fast [day], fasting, Lent, hunger), from <em>iei\u016bnus<\/em> (fasting, abstinent, hungry), Proto-Italic <em>*jagj\u016bnos<\/em>, from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2081ya\u01f5-yu-s<\/em>, from <em>*h\u2081ya\u01f5-<\/em> (to sacrifice, worship) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/trasg#Scottish_Gaelic\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dyrwest, dyruest, dyr\u1efde(i)st<\/strong> = abstinence from food and drink, fasting, fast<br \/>\n<strong>dyrwestu, dyrwest<\/strong> = to fast, to abstain from food and drink<br \/>\n<strong>dir westua, dyrwestfa<\/strong> = fast, abstention, a fasting, penitence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dirwest, dyrwest<\/strong> [\u02c8d\u026arw\u025bst] = abstinence from food and drink, fasting, fast, temperance, self-restraint, teetotalism, abstemious, sober, chaste, continent<br \/>\n<strong>dirwestaf, dirwest(u)<\/strong> = to fast, to abstain from food and drink<br \/>\n<strong>dirwestfa<\/strong> [d\u026ar\u02c8w\u025bstva] = fast, abstention, a fasting, penitence<br \/>\n<strong>dirwestol<\/strong> [d\u026ar\u02c8w\u025bst\u0254l] = abstinent from alcohol, abstemious<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown  [<a href=\"\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this post we&#8217;re looking at words for fast(ing), abstinence, Friday and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) a\u00edn(e) [\u02c8a\u02d0i\u032fn\u02b2] = fast, fasting (period of time when one abstains from or eats very little food) a\u00ednid = to fast C\u00e9ta\u00edn [\u02c8k\u02b2e\u02d0.d\u032aa\u02d0i\u032fn\u02b2] = Wednesday (&#8220;first fast&#8221;) Dard\u00f3in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,24,115,21,3,36,22,5,37,7,27,10,136,11,13,60,23,82,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-galician","category-greek-","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-persian-farsi-","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-indo-european","category-proto-italic","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9216","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9216"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9216\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9220,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9216\/revisions\/9220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}