{"id":9216,"date":"2026-06-04T14:38:51","date_gmt":"2026-06-04T13:38:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=9216"},"modified":"2026-07-02T16:09:01","modified_gmt":"2026-07-02T15:09:01","slug":"fasting-fridays","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2026\/06\/04\/fasting-fridays\/","title":{"rendered":"Fasting Fridays"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In this post we&rsquo;re looking at words for <strong>fast(ing)<\/strong>, <strong>abstinence<\/strong>, <strong>Friday<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/rexdude\/30239851572\/in\/photolist-N5c9kf-cYDscs-6scCmb-by22DL-bXDXA5-5Fc84y-7RZCEf-6S7hgP-4fNvgA-5qWQmN-duBgo2-2nhQPiS-c5P1eh-6nv8b-2nhTb5z-2nhRQ79-7EjZrg-9BEsQ-dbjQjz-MLdP83-S6BcWQ-5pwRKP-2oZDcRB-2hkxC2c-92Rrzm-2iJnQw8-egsiyL-GPYf6g-hmkkjP-2krUNJU-2o2nac4-ovmoRg-5jhRy9-2p64ueE-2o2jGBk-2o2nvLD-2o2hkcB-2s46N1E-2o2m9fk-2o2n9X1-2o2na5a-2o2m9ig-2o2jGAD-kYgJDU-ebKq53-2o2nvTx-fcJDGa-fcJDwB-JbPTLC-bKggfD\" title=\"Abstinence\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/5699\/30239851572_a18cb433f1_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" alt=\"Abstinence\"><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>a&iacute;n(e)<\/strong> [&#712;a&#720;i&#815;n&#690;] = fast, fasting (period of time when one abstains from or eats very little food)<br>\n<strong>a&iacute;nid<\/strong> = to fast<br>\n<strong>C&eacute;ta&iacute;n<\/strong> [&#712;k&#690;e&#720;.d&#810;a&#720;i&#815;n&#690;] = Wednesday (&ldquo;first fast&rdquo;)<br>\n<strong>Dard&oacute;in<\/strong> [d&#810;a&#638;&#712;d&#810;a&#720;i&#815;n&#690;] = Thursday (<em>a contraction of <strong>etar-d&aacute;-&oacute;in<\/strong> &ndash; &ldquo;between two fasts&rdquo;<\/em>)<br>\n<strong>a&iacute;n d&iacute;dine, o&iacute;n d&iacute;dine<\/strong> = Friday (&ldquo;last fast&rdquo;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>a&iacute;n<\/strong> = fast, period of fasting<br>\n<strong>a&iacute;nid<\/strong> = to fast, to keep a fast<br>\n<strong>a&iacute;ntech<\/strong> = abstemious, ascetic<br>\n<strong>c&eacute;ta&iacute;n(e), cetain, c&eacute;tain<\/strong> [&#712;k&#690;e&#720;.d&#810;a&#720;i&#815;n&#690;] = Wednesday<br>\n<strong>dardo&iacute;n, dard&aacute;in, dardain<\/strong> = Thursday<br>\n<strong>a&iacute;n d&iacute;din(e), a&iacute;n d&iacute;den<\/strong> = Friday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aoine<\/strong> [&#712;i&#720;n&#690;&#601;] = fast, fasting, abstinence (<em>archaic<\/em>), Friday<br>\n<strong>aointeach<\/strong> = falling on \/ pertaining to Friday<br>\n<strong>(D&eacute;) C&eacute;adaoin<\/strong> [(d&#690;e&#720;) &#712;ce&#720;d&#810;&#736;i&#720;n&#690;] = (on) Wednesday<br>\n<strong>D&eacute;ardaoin<\/strong> [&#716;d&#690;e&#720;&#638;&#736;&#712;d&#810;&#736;i&#720;n&#690; \/ d&#690;a&#638;&#736;&#712;d&#810;&#736;i&#720;n&#690;] = (on) Thursday<br>\n<strong>D&eacute; hAoine<\/strong> [d&#690;e&#720; &#712;hi&#720;n&#690;&#601; \/ d&#690;a&#712;hi&#720;n&#690;&#601;] = (on) Friday<br>\n<strong>Aoine an Ch&eacute;asta<\/strong> = Good Friday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aoine<\/strong> [&#623;&#720;n&#810;&#690;&#601;] = Friday, fast, fast-day<br>\n<strong>aoineach<\/strong> [&#623;&#720;n&#810;&#690;&#601;x] = fasting, fast<br>\n<strong>DiCiadain<\/strong> [d&#690;&#618;&#712;k&#690;i&#601;d&#618;n&#810;&#690;] = Wednesday<br>\n<strong>DiDaoirne<\/strong> [d&#690;&#618;&#712;d&#623;&#720;r&#810;n&#810;&#690;&#601;] = Thursday<br>\n<strong>DihAoine<\/strong> [d&#690;&#618;&#712;h&#623;&#720;n&#810;&#690;&#601;] = Friday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>Yn Eney<\/strong> [t&#643;eu] = Friday<br>\n<strong>Jeheiney<\/strong> [d&#658;e&#712;h&#601;&#720;n&#690;&#601;] = (on) Friday<br>\n<strong>Jardain, Jerdein<\/strong> = (on) Thursday<br>\n<strong>Jecrean, Crean, Curain<\/strong> = (on) Wednesday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>yeun, iun, iunou, yun, jun<\/strong> = fasting<br>\n<strong>yunaff<\/strong> = to fast<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>yun<\/strong> [j&#7929;&#720;n] = fasting<br>\n<strong>yunadenn<\/strong> = a period of fasting<br>\n<strong>yunan, yuna&ntilde;, yuni&ntilde;<\/strong> [&#712;j&#7929;&#720;.n&atilde; \/ &#712;j&#7929;&#720;.n&#297;] = to fast<br>\n<strong>yuner \/ yunerez<\/strong> [&#712;j&#7929;&#720;.n&#603;r \/ jy.&#712;ne&#720;.res] = fasting person, hunger strike<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Latin <em>iei&#363;nium<\/em> (fast [day], fasting, Lent, hunger), from <em>iei&#363;nus<\/em> (fasting, abstinent, hungry), Proto-Italic <em>*jagj&#363;nos<\/em>, from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h&#8321;ya&#501;-yu-s<\/em>, from <em>*h&#8321;ya&#501;-<\/em> (to sacrifice, worship) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/a%C3%ADn#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>Words from the same roots include <strong>dinner<\/strong> and <strong>jentacular<\/strong> (pertaining to breakfast) in English, <strong>xantar<\/strong> (dinner, lunch) in Galician, <strong>yantar<\/strong> (to lunch, dine, eat) in Spanish, <strong>&#940;&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&sigmaf;<\/strong> (&aacute;gios &ndash; holy, saintly, Saint) in Greek, and <strong>&#1580;&#1588;&#1606;<\/strong> (ja&scaron;n &ndash; celebration, festival, feast) in Persian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/h%E2%82%81ya%C7%B5-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*k&#695;ritus<\/strong> = form, shape, moment, time<br>\n<strong>*k&#695;ritiyos<\/strong> = shaper, timer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*pr&#616;d<\/strong> [pr&#616;d] = shape, form, time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>unpryt, vnpryd, vn pryt, ympryt, umpryt<\/strong> = a fast(ing), hunger strike<br>\n<strong>ym prydant, vn prydyaf, vmprydio<\/strong> = to fast, to be or go on hunger strike, to keep (a fast)<br>\n<strong>unprydyawl, ymprydiol, vnprytiol<\/strong> = pertaining to a fast or fasting, hungry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pryd<\/strong> [pr&#616;&#720;d \/ pri&#720;d] = time, meal(time), when<br>\n<strong>ympryd, umpryd, unpryd, un pryd<\/strong> [&#712;&#601;mpr&#616;&#798;d \/ &#712;&#601;mpr&#618;d] = a fast(ing), hunger strike<br>\n<strong>ymprydiaeth<\/strong> = a fast(ing)<br>\n<strong>ympryd(i)o<\/strong> = to fast, to be or go on hunger strike, to keep (a fast)<br>\n<strong>ymprydiol, unprydiol<\/strong> = pertaining to a fast or fasting, hungry<br>\n<strong>ymprydiwr<\/strong> = one who fasts, faster<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>prit<\/strong> = time, season, meal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec \/ Kernuak)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pres, preys, pr&#375;s, pr&ecirc;s, prez<\/strong> = a stated time, time, season, a meal time, a meal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>prys, pres<\/strong> = time, season, while<br>\n<strong>prysweyth, presweyth<\/strong> = instant, occasion, epoch<br>\n<strong>prysweythel<\/strong> = momentary, instantaneous<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>prit<\/strong> = moment, meal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pret<\/strong> = moment, meal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pred<\/strong> [pre&#720;t] = meal, moment, time<br>\n<strong>predad<\/strong> = moment<br>\n<strong>predadenn<\/strong> = (good) meal<br>\n<strong>preda&ntilde;<\/strong> [&#712;pre&#720;.d&atilde; \/ &#712;pre&#720;.&#658;&atilde;] = to have a meal, to eat, to feed<br>\n<strong>preti<\/strong> [&#712;pret&#720;.i] = restaurant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Middle Welsh <em>un<\/em> (one) and  <em>pryt<\/em> (time) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/ympryd\">source<\/a>]. See also the post about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2020\/12\/26\/time-weather\/\">Time &amp; Weather<\/a>.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>troscad, troscud<\/strong> = (coercive) fasting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>troscad, troscud<\/strong> = (act of) fasting<br>\n<strong>troiscid, troscaid, troscad<\/strong> = to fast<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>troisc<\/strong> [t&#810;&#736;&#638;&#736;&#596;s&#736;k] = fast<br>\n<strong>troscach<\/strong> = fasting<br>\n<strong>troscadh<\/strong> [&#712;t&#810;&#736;&#638;&#736;os&#736;k&#601; \/ &#712;t&#810;&#736;&#638;&#736;&#652;s&#736;k&#601;] = to fast, fasting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trasg<\/strong> [trasg] = fasting, fasting, diet, dieting<br>\n<strong>traisg<\/strong> = to fast, diet<br>\n<strong>l&agrave;-trasgaidh<\/strong> = fast-day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trostey<\/strong> = fasting<br>\n<strong>brishey trostey<\/strong> = breakfast<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Latin <em>iei&#363;nium<\/em> (fast [day], fasting, Lent, hunger), from <em>iei&#363;nus<\/em> (fasting, abstinent, hungry), Proto-Italic <em>*jagj&#363;nos<\/em>, from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h&#8321;ya&#501;-yu-s<\/em>, from <em>*h&#8321;ya&#501;-<\/em> (to sacrifice, worship) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/trasg#Scottish_Gaelic\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dyrwest, dyruest, dyr&#7933;e(i)st<\/strong> = abstinence from food and drink, fasting, fast<br>\n<strong>dyrwestu, dyrwest<\/strong> = to fast, to abstain from food and drink<br>\n<strong>dir westua, dyrwestfa<\/strong> = fast, abstention, a fasting, penitence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dirwest, dyrwest<\/strong> [&#712;d&#618;rw&#603;st] = abstinence from food and drink, fasting, fast, temperance, self-restraint, teetotalism, abstemious, sober, chaste, continent<br>\n<strong>dirwestaf, dirwest(u)<\/strong> = to fast, to abstain from food and drink<br>\n<strong>dirwestfa<\/strong> [d&#618;r&#712;w&#603;stva] = fast, abstention, a fasting, penitence<br>\n<strong>dirwestol<\/strong> [d&#618;r&#712;w&#603;st&#596;l] = abstinent from alcohol, abstemious<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown  [<a href=\"\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &ndash; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D&uacute;il B&eacute;lrai English &ndash; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &ndash; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this post we&#8217;re looking at words for fast(ing), abstinence, Friday and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) a\u00edn(e) [\u02c8a\u02d0i\u032fn\u02b2] = fast, fasting (period of time when one abstains from or eats very little food) a\u00ednid = to fast C\u00e9ta\u00edn [\u02c8k\u02b2e\u02d0.d\u032aa\u02d0i\u032fn\u02b2] = Wednesday (&#8220;first fast&#8221;) Dard\u00f3in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,24,115,21,3,36,22,5,37,7,27,10,136,11,13,60,23,82,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-galician","category-greek-","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-persian-farsi-","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-indo-european","category-proto-italic","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9216","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9216"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9216\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9237,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9216\/revisions\/9237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}