{"id":9210,"date":"2026-05-19T14:56:34","date_gmt":"2026-05-19T13:56:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=9210"},"modified":"2026-05-19T14:56:34","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T13:56:34","slug":"side-by-side","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2026\/05\/19\/side-by-side\/","title":{"rendered":"Side by Side"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In this post we&rsquo;re looking at words for <strong>side<\/strong>, <strong>flank<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/55225292122\/in\/dateposted\" title=\"Porth Penrhyn\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/55225292122_da7283b7b7_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" alt=\"Porth Penrhyn\"><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*toibos<\/strong> = side<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>t&oacute;eb, t&aacute;eb, to&iacute;b, taeb<\/strong> [&#712;t&#810;o&#720;i&#815;&beta; \/ &#712;t&#810;a&#720;i&#815;&beta; \/ &#712;t&#810;o&#720;i&#815;&beta;] = side<br>\nstrong&gt;lett&aacute;eb [&#712;l&#800;&#690;e.t&#810;a&#720;i&#815;&beta;] = side<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>taeb, t&oacute;ib, t&oacute;eb, tuib<\/strong> = side, direction, part, region<br>\n<strong>taeb&aacute;n, t&oacute;eban<\/strong> = little side, side, rafter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>taobh<\/strong> [t&#810;&#736;e&#720;v&#736; \/ t&#810;&#736;i&#720;v&#736;] = side, border, edge, flank, aspect, direction, region, point of view, attitude, party, team, faction, cause, line of descent, reliance, dependence, recourse, resort<br>\n<strong>taobhach<\/strong> = lateral, trusting, partial, biased<br>\n<strong>taobhacht<\/strong> = trustfulness, confidence, tendentiousness, partiality<br>\n<strong>taobhag&aacute;n<\/strong> = hypotenuse<br>\n<strong>taobha&iacute;<\/strong> = companion, adherent, supporter<br>\n<strong>taobhaigh<\/strong> = to draw near, approach, side with, support, rely on, trust, entrust to, urge, enjoin<br>\n<strong>taobha&iacute;ocht<\/strong> = support<br>\n<strong>taobhaitheoir<\/strong> = supporter, sympathizer<br>\n<strong>aontaobhach<\/strong> = unilateral<br>\n<strong>d&eacute;thaobhach<\/strong> = bilateral, double-sided<br>\n<strong>comhthaobhach<\/strong> = collateral<br>\n<strong>leataobh<\/strong> = one side (of two), lay-by<br>\n<strong>leataobhach<\/strong> = one-sided, lopsided, tilted, partial, biased<br>\n<strong>do leataobh, i leataobh<\/strong> = aside<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>taobh<\/strong> [t&#623;&#720;v] = side, flank, angle, aspect, facet, direction, way, point of view, liking, partiality, coast<br>\n<strong>taobh a-muigh<\/strong> = outside, exterior<br>\n<strong>taobh a-staigh<\/strong> = inside, interior<br>\n<strong>aon-taobhach<\/strong> = one-sided, unilateral<br>\n<strong>d&agrave;-thaobhach<\/strong> = double-sided, duplex, bilateral<br>\n<strong>co-thaobhach<\/strong> [k&#596; h&#623;&#720;v&#601;x] = aligning, collateral<br>\n<strong>ri taobh<\/strong> = beside, by the side of, by, next to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>&ccedil;heu<\/strong> [t&#643;eu] = side, beam, standpoint, page<br>\n<strong>&ccedil;heumooie<\/strong> = outside, without, outboard, exterior<br>\n<strong>&ccedil;heusthie<\/strong> = inside, within, indoor, interior, inland, inner<br>\n<strong>un-&ccedil;heuagh<\/strong> = unilateral<br>\n<strong>daa-heuagh<\/strong> = bilateral<br>\n<strong>co&rsquo;heuagh<\/strong> = collateral<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*t&#649;&beta;<\/strong> = side<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tu<\/strong> = side<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tu<\/strong> = side<br>\n<strong>t&uacute; h&aacute;, tu a, tua, tv ac<\/strong> = towards, facing<br>\n<strong>tu dalen, tvdalen<\/strong> = page<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tu<\/strong> [t&#616;&#720; \/ ti&#720;] = side, edge, flank, direction, area, district, region, place, point of view<br>\n<strong>tu allan \/ tu fas<\/strong> = outside, exterior<br>\n<strong>tu mewn<\/strong> = inside<br>\n<strong>tu &ocirc;l<\/strong> = behind<br>\n<strong>tua<\/strong> [t&#616;&#720;.a \/ ti&#720;.a] = towards, facing, around, in relation to, about, approximately<br>\n<strong>tuaf, tuo<\/strong> = to tend, incline, side, lean towards, direct<br>\n<strong>tudalen<\/strong> [t&#616;&#798;&#712;dal&#603;n \/ t&#618;&#712;da&#720;l&#603;n] = page (one side of a leaf of a book)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec \/ Kernuak)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tu<\/strong> = side, part, region<br>\n<strong>tuhe, tyha<\/strong> = towards<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tu<\/strong> [ty&#720; \/ ti&#721;&#650;]  = side, direction, bearing<br>\n<strong>tu a-ves<\/strong> = exterior<br>\n<strong>tuedh<\/strong> = tendency, trend<br>\n<strong>tuedha (troha \/ war-tu ha)<\/strong> = to tend (towards)<br>\n<strong>tuedhder<\/strong> = orientation<br>\n<strong>heptu<\/strong> [h&#603;p&#712;ty&#720; \/ h&#601;p&#712;ti&#721;&#650;] = neutral, nonaligned<br>\n<strong>untu<\/strong> [&#712;&#655;nty \/ &#712;&#618;nt&#618;&#650;] = unilateral, one-sided<br>\n<strong>war-tu<\/strong> = towards<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tu<\/strong> = side<br>\n<strong>tu-hont, tuhont<\/strong> = over there<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tu<\/strong> [ty&#720;] = side, direction<br>\n<strong>tu-hont<\/strong> = over there<br>\n<strong>tuad<\/strong> = side, direction<br>\n<strong>tuadur<\/strong> = position, location, orientation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from Proto-Indo-European <em>*(s)teyg&#695;-<\/em> (flank, side). Words from the same PIE root possibly include <strong>&#1089;&#1090;&#1077;&#1075;&#1085;&#1086;<\/strong> [ste&#720;&#609;no] (thigh) in Serbian, and <strong>stehno<\/strong> (thigh) in Czech [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/toibos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &ndash; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D&uacute;il B&eacute;lrai English &ndash; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &ndash; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this post we&#8217;re looking at words for side, flank and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *toibos = side Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) t\u00f3eb, t\u00e1eb, to\u00edb, taeb [\u02c8t\u032ao\u02d0i\u032f\u03b2 \/ \u02c8t\u032aa\u02d0i\u032f\u03b2 \/ \u02c8t\u032ao\u02d0i\u032f\u03b2] = side strong>lett\u00e1eb [\u02c8l\u0320\u02b2e.t\u032aa\u02d0i\u032f\u03b2] = side Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) taeb, t\u00f3ib, t\u00f3eb, tuib = side, direction, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,114,16,26,75,19,20,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,10,40,11,12,13,23,415,43,18,14],"tags":[52,80,51,414,145,48,47,53,49,55,412,413,50],"class_list":["post-9210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-armenian-","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-czech-cestina","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-serbian-","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words","tag-breton","tag-celtic","tag-cornish","tag-direction","tag-etymology","tag-gaelic","tag-irish","tag-language","tag-manx","tag-scottish-gaelic","tag-side","tag-towards","tag-welsh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9210"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9210\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9213,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9210\/revisions\/9213"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}