{"id":9174,"date":"2026-04-15T20:52:09","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T19:52:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=9174"},"modified":"2026-04-15T20:52:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T19:52:10","slug":"dukes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2026\/04\/15\/dukes\/","title":{"rendered":"Dukes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>duke<\/strong> and related things.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/hilton-sullivan\/5713148134\/in\/photolist-9GRnU3-2677HXv-2rB8Fbz-2aRZNnf-2s39D6M-2nDGnqA-NK9wy3-MqnEHR-dahBJ3-24vsC1Y-2p3pmU3-mRLBTr-2nC5rJ9-2rJcPv4-27c1vFY-GheZxp-2eVBcr2-2bD6tj7-dz7eGP-5Euczr-LBg1CL-2nFRK3x-oFSHD7-2rBiUAa-2nGpwmX-9ZLeAx-2qkCzJy-2rqbmxJ-PWLiT5-2mb8f8n-ohL4B7-2rYtemR-2nMsZ2A-MNwwgS-2m6dca4-2jyC9Kk-9CY1uH-GeVAZY-2nKNaXn-2kn9pNr-2oyqxLv-2pL7qCY-2jYPv37-GkMP5U-bhURFz-2mzmc6A-Hw6AQK-FsP57D-2mYGTAX-vL7fKJ\" title=\"The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/3293\/5713148134_5c98a835a6_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"401\" alt=\"The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish<\/th>\n<td><strong>di\u00fac, di\u00faic, di\u00faice<\/strong> = leader, governor, duke<br \/>\n<strong>di\u00faicecht,  di\u00faiceacht<\/strong> = duchy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>di\u00fac, di\u00faic<\/strong> [d\u02b2u\u02d0k] = duke<br \/>\n<strong>bandi\u00fac<\/strong> [d\u02b2u\u02d0k] = duchess<br \/>\n<strong>di\u00facacht, di\u00faiceacht<\/strong> = dukedom, duchy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>di\u00f9c<\/strong> [d\u02b2u\u02d0xg] = shot, cast, throw, report (of gun)<br \/>\n<strong>ban-di\u00f9c<\/strong> = duchess<br \/>\n<strong>di\u00f9cachd<\/strong> = duchy, dukedom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>duic, diuic<\/strong> = duke<br \/>\n<strong>bendiuic<\/strong> = duchess<br \/>\n<strong>ard-duic<\/strong> = archduke<br \/>\n<strong>duicaght<\/strong> = duchy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>duc, dug, dvwc, duwc dyk<\/strong> = duke, chief of a tribe, leader, captain<br \/>\n<strong>dugiaeth, dukiaeth<\/strong> = dukedom, duchy, chiefdom, leadership<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dug<\/strong> [d\u0268\u02d0\u0261 \/ di\u02d0\u0261] = duke, chief of a tribe, leader, captain<br \/>\n<strong>duges<\/strong> = duchess<br \/>\n<strong>dugiaeth, du(w)ciaeth<\/strong> = dukedom, duchy, chiefdom, leadership<br \/>\n<strong>dugiol, duwciol<\/strong> = ducal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>duk<\/strong> = duke<br \/>\n<strong>dukes<\/strong> = duchess<br \/>\n<strong>duketh<\/strong> = duchy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>duc<\/strong> = duke<br \/>\n<strong>duches, ducgez<\/strong> = duchess<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dug<\/strong> = duke<br \/>\n<strong>dugez<\/strong> = duchess<br \/>\n<strong>dugaj, dugelezh<\/strong> = duchy<br \/>\n<strong>dugal<\/strong> = ducal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Middle English <em>duk(e)<\/em> (leader, guide, noble, duke), from Old French <em>duc<\/em> (duke), from Latin <em>dux<\/em> (leader, head, commander, general, captain, prince, ruler), from  <em>d\u016bc\u014d<\/em> (to lead, guide), from Proto-Italic <em>*douk\u014d<\/em> (to lead), from PIE <em>*d\u00e9wkti<\/em> (to pull, draw, lead), <em>*dewk-<\/em> (to pull, draw, lead). The Breton words probably come from Middle or Old French [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/duk#Middle_English\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>Words from the same roots include <strong>duct<\/strong>, <strong>team<\/strong>, <strong>tether<\/strong>, <strong>tie<\/strong> and <strong>tow<\/strong> in English, <strong>touer<\/strong> (to tug or tow a ship, to haul a barge) in French, <strong>duque<\/strong> (duke) in Spanish, <strong>Zug<\/strong> (procession, train, pull, yank) in German, and <strong>dwyn<\/strong> (to steal, take, bring to) in Welsh [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/dewk-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &#8211; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/fr\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- Blog horizontal --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"1685480124\"\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for duke and related things. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Middle Irish di\u00fac, di\u00faic, di\u00faice = leader, governor, duke di\u00faicecht, di\u00faiceacht = duchy Irish (Gaeilge) di\u00fac, di\u00faic [d\u02b2u\u02d0k] = duke bandi\u00fac [d\u02b2u\u02d0k] = duchess di\u00facacht, di\u00faiceacht = dukedom, duchy Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig) di\u00f9c [d\u02b2u\u02d0xg] = shot, cast, throw, report (of gun) ban-di\u00f9c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,19,20,44,61,21,3,22,5,77,37,7,27,78,23,82,18,14],"tags":[52,80,51,385,381,383,380,384,145,48,47,53,49,55,50],"class_list":["post-9174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-english-englisch","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-french-franceis","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words","tag-breton","tag-celtic","tag-cornish","tag-ducal","tag-duchess","tag-duchy","tag-duke","tag-dukedom","tag-etymology","tag-gaelic","tag-irish","tag-language","tag-manx","tag-scottish-gaelic","tag-welsh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9174"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9174\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9175,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9174\/revisions\/9175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9174"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}