{"id":9114,"date":"2026-02-18T14:33:14","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T14:33:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=9114"},"modified":"2026-02-18T14:33:15","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T14:33:15","slug":"knowing-recognition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2026\/02\/18\/knowing-recognition\/","title":{"rendered":"Knowing Recognition"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>to know<\/strong>, <strong>to recognise<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/sniegowski\/51300921705\/in\/photolist-KzQ7-2mahCJ6-ezAW7q-KzQ3-mucrxD-mucv84-7oGnZV-HA1M6-mucihF-5HygHf-muekL3-muedJC-muckoV-mucsN4-4uFcNv-muehJb-7oGnXa-8puLB-ncAAUy-8puHe-e6AXHP-niknCV-KzQ6-8puK7-8T7uTc-ddFecw-5HtXyx-5HygW7-bfsqY-tTSYw5-38AZ1D-5HtXur-283H5-74vjVp-4RC9Sa-akHVt-2ooq7m9-V8TPG5-dCK2JS-7xg475-2jM8fPy-bvaVmE-aUk7yn-V8TQFQ-ntJKHe-eFAUGg-V8TQeh-VJ7y2x-VJ7xDZ-V8TQtq\" title=\"Self-recognition?\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/51300921705_28ee9b93dc_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" alt=\"Self-recognition?\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*gninuti<\/strong> = to recognize<br \/>\n<strong>*ati-gninuti<\/strong> = to know<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ad\u00b7gnin, as\u00b7gnin<\/strong> [a\u00f0\u02c8\u0261\u02b2n\u02b2in] = to know, to recognize, to perceive<br \/>\n<strong>aithnid<\/strong> = familiar, known, acquaintane, friend, to know, to recognise, to understand, to entrust<br \/>\n<strong>in\u00b7gnin<\/strong> = to recognise, to understand<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ad-gnin, aithnid<\/strong> = to know, to recognise, to perceive, to be aware of<br \/>\n<strong>aithenta<\/strong> = known familiar<br \/>\n<strong>aithentas<\/strong> = acquaintance with, knowledge (of)<br \/>\n<strong>aithne, aithgne<\/strong> = (act of) knowing, recognising, knowledge, recognition, perception<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aithin<\/strong> [\u02c8ah\u0259n\u02b2] = to know, to recognize, to identify, to acknowledge, to distinguish, to perceive<br \/>\n<strong>aithne<\/strong> = acquaintance, recognition, appearance<br \/>\n<strong>aithnid<\/strong> = acquaintance, appearance<br \/>\n<strong>aithnidi\u00fail<\/strong> = familar, well-known<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aithnich<\/strong> [an\u032a\u02b2\u026a\u00e7] = recognise, discern, know, acknowledge, perceive, tell<br \/>\n<strong>aithne, athainte<\/strong> [an\u032a\u02b2\u0259 \/ a.\u026an\u032a\u02b2d\u02b2\u0259] = familiarity, acquaintance, knowledge, discernment, ken<br \/>\n<strong>aithneach<\/strong> [an\u032a\u02b2\u0259x] = acquiantance; discering, considerate, attentive<br \/>\n<strong>aithnichear<\/strong> [an\u032a\u02b2\u026a\u00e7\u0259r] = identifier, recogniser<br \/>\n<strong>aithnichte<\/strong> [an\u032a\u02b2\u026a\u00e7d\u02b2\u0259] = known, recognised, plain, manifest, exceptionally<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ainjys<\/strong> = acquaintance, familiarity, intimacy<br \/>\n<strong>ainjyssagh<\/strong> = acquaintance, intimate<br \/>\n<strong>enn<\/strong> = acquaintance, knowledge, recognition<br \/>\n<strong>cur enn er<\/strong> to recognise, pick out<br \/>\n<strong>enney<\/strong> [en(\u02b2)\u0259] = acquaintance, awareness, cognition, consciousness, identity, knowledge, recognition<br \/>\n<strong>cur enney er<\/strong> = to apprehend, to indentify, to recognise, apprehension<br \/>\n<strong>enneys<\/strong> = to know<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ate-gegn-, *adwo\u0268n\u0268n\u00fcd<\/strong> = (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>adnapo, adnabu, adw(a)en, atnabot , adnabot<\/strong> [ad\u02c8nabod] = to recognise, to know (<em>be acquainted or familiar with<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>ednabyddieth<\/strong> = recognition, identification, knowledge (<em>of a person or place<\/em>), familiarity, acquaintance, acknowledgement<br \/>\n<strong>etnebydedyc, ednebydedyc, atnabydedig<\/strong> = (well-)known, familiar, recognized, acknowledged<br \/>\n<strong>adnabydus, adnabyddus<\/strong> = (well-)known, familiar, recognized, acknowledged, renowed, famous, recognizable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>adnabod<\/strong> [ad\u02c8nab\u0254d \/ ad\u02c8na(\u02d0)b\u0254d] = to recognise, to know (be acquainted or familiar with)<br \/>\n<strong>adnabyddedig<\/strong> = (well-)known, familiar, recognized, acknowledged<br \/>\n<strong>adnabydd(i)aeth<\/strong> [\u02ccadna\u02c8b\u0259\u00f0ja\u0268\u032f\u03b8] = recognition, identification, knowledge (<em>of a person or place<\/em>), familiarity, acquaintance, acknowledgement<br \/>\n<strong>adnabyddus<\/strong> [\u02ccadna\u02c8b\u0259\u00f0\u0268\u031es] =  (well-)known, familiar, recognized, acknowledged, renowed, famous, recognizable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec \/ Kernuak)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aswon<\/strong> = to know, recognize, be acquainted with<br \/>\n<strong>aswonvos, aswonfys<\/strong> = to know, recognize, be acquainted with<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aswon, ajon<\/strong> [\u02c8az.w\u0254n] = to acknowledge, be familiar with, know, realise, recognise<br \/>\n<strong>aswonans<\/strong> = acknowledgement, credits<br \/>\n<strong>aswonesik<\/strong> =  acquaintance<br \/>\n<strong>aswonvos<\/strong> = acknowledgement, acquaintance, knowledge<br \/>\n<strong>aswonys<\/strong> = familiar, known<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ezneo<\/strong> = to know, to recognise<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aznauout, aznevont<\/strong> = to know, to recognise, to identify, to understand<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>anavezout, ana(v)out<\/strong> [\u00e3n(a)\u02c8ve\u02d0(z)ut] = to know, to recognise, to identify, to understand<br \/>\n<strong>anavedigezh<\/strong> = awareness<br \/>\n<strong>anavezadenn<\/strong> = reconnaissance<br \/>\n<strong>anavezapl<\/strong> = (re)cognizable, identifiable.<br \/>\n<strong>anavezer<\/strong> = connoisseur, indentifier<br \/>\n<strong>anavezet<\/strong> = known, declared, recognized<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*\u01f5n\u0325n\u00e9h\u2083ti<\/em> (to know, recognise), from <em>*\u01f5neh\u2083-<\/em> (to know, recognise [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/gnin%C4%81ti\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same roots include <strong>\u017ein\u00f3ti<\/strong> (to know) in Lithuanian, <strong>zn\u00e1t<\/strong> (to know) in Czech, <strong>know<\/strong>, <strong>ignore<\/strong>, <strong>recognise<\/strong>, <strong>can<\/strong>, <strong>could<\/strong>, <strong>cunning<\/strong> and <strong>canny<\/strong> in English, <strong>k\u00f6nnen<\/strong> (to be able, can, to know, understand) in German, and <strong>ken<\/strong> (to know) in Scots [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/%C7%B5n%CC%A5n%C3%A9h%E2%82%83ti\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &#8211; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/fr\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- Blog horizontal --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"1685480124\"\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for to know, to recognise and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *gninuti = to recognize *ati-gninuti = to know Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) ad\u00b7gnin, as\u00b7gnin [a\u00f0\u02c8\u0261\u02b2n\u02b2in] = to know, to recognize, to perceive aithnid = familiar, known, acquaintane, friend, to know, to recognise, to understand, to entrust [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,75,19,20,61,21,3,110,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,10,11,12,13,97,23,43,18,14],"tags":[353,52,80,51,145,48,354,47,348,349,53,49,352,351,55],"class_list":["post-9114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-czech-cestina","category-english","category-etymology","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-lithuanian-lietuviu-kalba","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-scots","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words","tag-acquaintance","tag-breton","tag-celtic","tag-cornish","tag-etymology","tag-gaelic","tag-identify","tag-irish","tag-know","tag-knowledge","tag-language","tag-manx","tag-recognise","tag-recognize","tag-scottish-gaelic"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9114","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9114"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9114\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9115,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9114\/revisions\/9115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}