{"id":8895,"date":"2025-07-24T13:57:35","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T12:57:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=8895"},"modified":"2025-07-24T13:57:35","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T12:57:35","slug":"each-every","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2025\/07\/24\/each-every\/","title":{"rendered":"Each & Every"},"content":{"rendered":"

Words for each<\/strong>, every<\/strong>, all<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n

\"Each<\/p>\n

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n*k\u02b7\u0101k\u02b7os<\/strong> = everyone, everybody, each, every<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Transalpine Gaulish<\/th>\npapos<\/strong> = each, every (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\nc\u00e1ch, cach<\/strong> [kax] = each, every, all, everyone
\ncach la c\u00e9in<\/strong> = one at a time
\ncechtar<\/strong> = both, each<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\ncach, cech<\/strong> [kax \/ kex] = each, every, all,
\nc\u00e1ch, cach<\/strong> = the one, each, everyone, all, the rest
\ncechtar<\/strong> = each (of), both (of), either (of)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\ngach<\/strong> [\u0261ax \/ \u0261\u0251x] = every, each, everything
\ngach rud<\/strong> = everything
\ngach aon, gach uile<\/strong> = every
\ngach aon duine<\/strong> = each, every, person, everybody
\ngach bliain, gach uile bhliain<\/strong> = every year
\nceachtar<\/strong> [\u02c8caxt\u032a\u02e0\u0259\u027e\u02e0] = either, one or other of two<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\ngach<\/strong> [gax] = every, each, all, per
\ngach a ch\u00e8ile<\/strong> = each other
\ngach bliadhna<\/strong> = every year, annually
\ngach d\u00f9rachd<\/strong> = best regards, yours sincerely
\ngach pearsa<\/strong> = per capita
\ngach r\u00e0ith<\/strong> = every season, seasonally, every quarter, quarterly
\ngach rud<\/strong> = everything
\ngach uile<\/strong> [gax ul\u0259] = every, each<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\ndagh<\/strong> [dax] = each, every, both, singular
\ngagh<\/strong> = each, every
\ndagh blein, gagh blein<\/strong> = annually, yearly
\ndagh laa, gagh laa<\/strong> = daily, every day
\ngagh-laa<\/strong> = ordinary
\ndagh ooilley, dagh un<\/strong> = every
\ndagh unnane<\/strong> = every one
\ndagh ynnyd, dagh ooilley ard, dagh ooilley raad<\/strong> = everywhere
\ndagh ooilley nhee<\/strong> = everything
\ndagh ooilley phersoon<\/strong> = everybody
\ndagh ooilley raad<\/strong> = everywhere
\ncagh<\/strong> = all, everyone, everybody
\ncagh elley<\/strong> = everyone else, rest
\ncagh yt cheilley<\/strong> = reciprocal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n*p\u1ecdb, *p\u0101pos<\/strong> = every, each (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\npaup<\/strong> = every, each<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\npop, pob<\/strong> = every, each, all, all manner of, every type of
\npobed<\/strong> = entirety
\npobua, pop wa, pob va<\/strong> = everywhere, every place
\npob uann, popmann, pop mann<\/strong> = everywhere, every place, every part
\npob un, pob vn, pobun<\/strong> everyone, everybody, each one, every (single) one, all<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\npob<\/strong> [po\u02d0b] = every, each, all, all manner of, every type of
\npob dim, popeth<\/strong> = everything
\npobfa, pob fa<\/strong> = everywhere, every place
\npob lle poblle<\/strong> = every place, everywhere
\npoblleath, pobmanrwydd<\/strong> = ubiquity, omnipresence
\npobman, pob man<\/strong> = everywhere, every place, every part
\npobun, pob un<\/strong> everyone, everybody, each one, every (single) one, all<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\np\u00e9p, p\u00e9b<\/strong> = every one
\npob, p\u00f3p, p\u00f4b, p\u00f4p, p\u00fbb, p\u00fbp<\/strong> = every, all
\npop, p\u00f3b<\/strong> = every, each
\npepynag, pepenag<\/strong> = whatsoever, whatever<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\npeub, pob<\/strong> = all, everybody, everyone
\npub<\/strong> = each, every
\npub eur<\/strong> = always
\npub huni<\/strong> = everybody, everyone
\npub le<\/strong> = everywhere
\npub pres, pub prys, pub termyn<\/strong> = always, all the time
\npub tra, puptra<\/strong> = everything
\npub dedhyek, pubdedhyek<\/strong> = daily
\npubonan, pubonen<\/strong> = everybody<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\npop<\/strong> = each, every<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\npep<\/strong> = each, every
\npep vnan<\/strong> = each and every, everybody, everyone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\npep<\/strong> [pep] = each, every
\na bep eil<\/strong> = alternatively in turns
\nbemdez<\/strong> [\u02c8b\u025bmde(s)] = every day
\nbemnoz<\/strong> [\u02c8b\u025bmnos] = every night
\npep hini, pep unan<\/strong> = each and every, everybody, everyone
\n(a) pep lec’h<\/strong> = everywhere
\npep tro<\/strong> = every time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology: either from Proto-Indo-European *k\u02b7o-h\u2083k\u02b7-os<\/em>, from *k\u02b7\u00f3s<\/em> (which, what) and *h\u2083k\u02b7-os<\/em> (to see), or from PIE *k\u02b7eh\u2082-k\u02b7os<\/em> [Source<\/a>]. Words from the same roots possibly include how<\/strong> in English, hoe<\/strong> (how) in Dutch, hve<\/strong> (how, like as) in Icelandic, con<\/strong> (with, together) in Italian, com<\/strong> (with, against, together) in Portuguese, cu<\/strong> in Romanian, and cual<\/strong> (like, as, in the manner of) in Spanish [Source<\/a>].
\n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n*olyos<\/strong> = all<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gaulish<\/th>\nollos<\/strong> = everything, everyone (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n(h)uile, (h)ule<\/strong> [(h)\u02c8ul\u02b2e] = all, whole<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\nuile<\/strong> [\u02c8ul\u02b2\u0259] = all, every, the whole, everyone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\nuile<\/strong> [\u02c8\u026al\u02b2\u0259 \/ \u02c8\u025bl\u02b2\u0259] = all, every, whole, wholly, entirely
\nuilechoiteann<\/strong> = general, universal
\nuilechumhachtach<\/strong> = omnipotent, almighty
\nuilefheasach<\/strong> = omniscient
\nuilefh\u00f3inteach<\/strong> = all-purpose
\nuileghabh\u00e1lach<\/strong> = comprehensive, compendious, exhaustive
\nuilel\u00e1ithreach<\/strong> = omnipresent, ubiquitous
\nuiliteach<\/strong> = omnivorous<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\nuile<\/strong> [ul\u0259] = all, every, entire, total
\nuil-fhiosrach<\/strong> = all-knowing, omniscient
\nuile-amasach<\/strong> [\u026fl am\u0259s\u0259x] = all-purpose
\nuile-bhiast<\/strong> = monster
\nuile-chinnteachd<\/strong> = surety, certainty
\nuile-choitcheann<\/strong> [ul\u0259 x\u0254hd\u02b2\u00e7\u0259n\u032a\u02e0] = universal
\nuileas<\/strong> [ul\u0259s] = all, every<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\nooilley<\/strong> [ul\u02b2\u0259 \/ ul\u02b2u] = all, whole, entire, everyone, everybody
\nooilley cooidjagh<\/strong> all together
\nooilley kiart<\/strong> = all right, alright, OK
\nooilley dy lieragh<\/strong> = altogether
\nooilley mygeart<\/strong> = all around, everywhere, round about, rampant
\nooilley-niartal<\/strong> = almighty
\nooilley smaghtagh<\/strong> = totalitarian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\nhol<\/strong> = all, the whole, everything, everyone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\noll, holl<\/strong> = all, the whole, everything, everyone, holla()l
\nhollaul, hollawl, holla\u1efdl<\/strong> = whole, complete, entire
\nholl gyuoetha\u1efdc, hollgyuoethauc, hollgyuoethawc<\/strong> = almighty, omnipotent, all-powerful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\nholl, oll<\/strong> [ho\u02d0\u026c] = all, the whole, everything, everyone, entire, complete, total, completely, entirely
\noll yn oll<\/strong> = all in all
\n(h)ollfydol<\/strong> = cosmic, universal, global
\n(h)ollgyfoethog<\/strong> = almighty, omnipotent, all-powerful
\n(h)ollol<\/strong> = whole, complete, entire
\n(h)olloldeb, hollolrwydd<\/strong> = universality, generality
\n(h)ollwybodol<\/strong> = omniscient, all-knowing, know-alls
\n(h)ollysydd<\/strong> = omnivore<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\noll, ol<\/strong> = all, every
\nolgallusec, olgalluster<\/strong> = almighty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\noll<\/strong> = all, every, entirely, everything
\noll termyn<\/strong> = enduring, etermal, everlasting
\nolldalghus<\/strong> = comprehensive, global
\nollgallos<\/strong> = omnipotence
\nollgallosek, ollgallojek<\/strong> = almighty
\nollgemmyn, ollgebmyn<\/strong> = general
\nollgompassus<\/strong> = holistic
\nollvys, ollves<\/strong> = universe
\nollvysel, ollvesel<\/strong> = global, universal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\noll<\/strong> = everything, everyone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\nholl, hol, oll<\/strong> = everything, everyone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\nholl<\/strong> [\u0254l] = everything, everyone, completely, totally
\nholl-razh<\/strong> = completely
\nhollad<\/strong> = total
\nhollat<\/strong> = global, total
\nhollbad<\/strong> = perpetual, permanent
\nhollegezh<\/strong> = generality
\nhollegour<\/strong> [\u0254\u02c8le\u02d0\u0261ur] = generalist
\nhollek<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0254l\u02d0ek] = general, uncountable
\nhollved<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0254lvet] = universe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European *h\u2082olyos<\/em>, from *h\u2082el-<\/em> (beyond, other) [source<\/a>]. Words from the same roots include altro<\/strong> (other, another, more, further) in Italian, autre<\/strong> (another) in French, otro<\/strong> (other, another) in Spanish, allur<\/strong> (all, everybody) in Icelandic, al<\/strong> (all, any) in Danish, and all<\/strong> and alter(native)<\/strong> in English [source<\/a>]<\/p>\n

Sources: Wiktionary<\/a>, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English – Old Irish glossary<\/a>, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, Teanglann.ie<\/a>, Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, Fockleyreen: Manx – English Dictionary<\/a>, Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, Geriafurch<\/a>, TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n