{"id":8825,"date":"2025-06-05T13:42:34","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T12:42:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=8825"},"modified":"2025-06-20T14:28:09","modified_gmt":"2025-06-20T13:28:09","slug":"particularly-special","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2025\/06\/05\/particularly-special\/","title":{"rendered":"Particularly Special"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for <strong>special<\/strong>, <strong>particular<\/strong>, <strong>different<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/thomashawk\/35658283622\/in\/photolist-Wk12pu-UB5R1A-HJUAMd-N6G7WY-DtM25G-2hgKBhw-2jrSXZa-32MXEN-4Yu5qp-2mcT65m-J4ELph-EZvH2E-2nRr43Z-4YykhS-KBAgHe-JGdozk-4g1WX1-Xn9ov3-qpCwVb-nyRJrm-njpS55-6kTMja-njpVti-umKdSw-2iAvcei-Kaw1S-2ioznQM-5VPoNp-nyRJiL-qpCur3-5VTKpy-PzzAeB-HkbKr2-2kXx4aR-2iEzjY5-4fpu3D-5VPoGF-PqrQvj-EnLg3x-54g6Vw-qat7dk-AGjwm2-ABJTBE-CCtiFZ-puVhvm-6QEQbZ-HfbXoe-AN36pt-CwzGiV-2j4r47U\" title=\"Special\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4290\/35658283622_09ecc032af_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" alt=\"Special\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with an * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u0278arek\u02b7ennom<\/strong> = extremity, end<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>airchenn<\/strong> = certain, definite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>airchenn, airchend<\/strong> = certain, fixed, definite, prominent, leading, chaste, leader, chief<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>airchinneach<\/strong> = hereditary steward of church lands<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>airchinneach<\/strong> = erenagh (monastic role)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>arpennic, arbennyc, arbennig, arbennic<\/strong> = principal, chief, main, foremost, supreme, excellent, wonderful, splendid, sacred, solemn, serious, chief, prince, leader, head<br \/>\n<strong>arbenhicr\u1efdyd<\/strong> = specialness, particularity, peculiarity<br \/>\n<strong>arbennigya\u1efdl, arbenygaul<\/strong> = lord, chieftain, sovereign<br \/>\n<strong>arbennedic<\/strong> = generous, noble<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>arbennig<\/strong> [ar\u02c8b\u025bn\u026a\u0261] = principal, chief, main, foremost, supreme, excellent, wonderful, splendid, sacred, solemn, serious, special, particular, peculiar, distinctive, specific, characteristic<br \/>\n<strong>arbenig(i)aeth<\/strong> = speciality, expertise<br \/>\n<strong>arbenigo<\/strong> = to make special, specify, denote, specialize<br \/>\n<strong>arbenig(i)ol<\/strong> = special, particular, specific, distinct<br \/>\n<strong>arbenigrwydd<\/strong> = specialness, particularity, peculiarity<br \/>\n<strong>arbenigwr, arbenigydd<\/strong> = specialist, expert, authority<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>arbennec, arbednec<\/strong> = usual, customary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>arbennik, arbednik<\/strong> = distinctive, particular, special<br \/>\n<strong>arbenigel<\/strong> = specialist<br \/>\n<strong>arbeniger, arbenigores<\/strong> specialist<br \/>\n<strong>arbenikter<\/strong> = specialism, speciality<br \/>\n<strong>yn arbennik<\/strong> = especially<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>arbennik<\/strong> = soft, tender<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>arbennik<\/strong> [ar.\u02c8b\u025b.n\u02d0ik] = special, specialized, expert<br \/>\n<strong>arbennigour<\/strong> = specialist, expert<br \/>\n<strong>arbennikaat<\/strong> = to specialize<br \/>\n<strong>arbennikaat<\/strong> = specialization, expertise, specializing<br \/>\n<strong>arbennikaet<\/strong> = specialized, competent<br \/>\n<strong>arbennikadur<\/strong> = specialization, expertise, specializing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Celtic <em>\u0278are-<\/em> (for(e)-) and <em>*k\u02b7ennom<\/em> (head) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/arbennig\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same Proto-Celtic roots include <strong>arpent<\/strong> (acre, arpent &#8211; an old French unit of area or length) in French [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/%C9%B8arek%CA%B7ennom\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ar leith, faoi leith<\/strong> [\u025b\u027e\u02b2\u02c8l\u0320\u02b2\u025bh \/ f\u02e0i\u02d0\u02c8l\u0320\u02b2\u025bh] = apart, separate(ly), several, distinct, remarkable, special<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>air leth<\/strong> = particular(ly), separate(ly), discrete(ly), individual(ly), apart, exceptional(ly)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>er lheh<\/strong> = special, specific, certain, distinctive, aloof, separate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Old Irish <em>leth<\/em> (side), from Proto-Celtic <em>*letos<\/em> or from Proto-Celtic <em>*\u0278letos<\/em> (breadth, side). Words from the same Proto-Celtic roots include <strong>lled<\/strong> (breadth, width, part, half) in Welsh, <strong>led<\/strong> (wide, large, broad) in Breton, and <strong>les<\/strong> (breadth, width) in Cornish  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/leath#Irish\">source<\/a>]. See the <a href=\"halves\">Halves and Sides<\/a> Celtiadur post for more details.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>speisialta<\/strong> [\u02c8s\u02e0p\u02b2\u025b\u0283i\u0259l\u032a\u02e0t\u032a\u02e0\u0259] = special<br \/>\n<strong>speisialtacht<\/strong> = speciality<br \/>\n<strong>speisialt\u00f3ir<\/strong> = specialist<br \/>\n<strong>speisialt\u00f3ireacht<\/strong> = specializing, specialization<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sbesial<\/strong> = special, especially good<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Middle English <em>special(e)<\/em> (exceptional, extraordinary, particular), from Old French <em>especial<\/em> (special, powerful, mighty), from Latin <em>speci\u0101lis<\/em> (specific), from <em>speci(\u0113s)<\/em> (kind, type, seeing, spectacle, appearance, display), from <em>speci\u014d<\/em> (to observe, watch, look at), from Proto-Italic <em>*spekj\u014d<\/em> (to observe, see), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*sp\u00e9\u1e31yeti<\/em> (to be looking at) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/speisialta\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*sani<\/strong> = apart from<br \/>\n<strong>*sanis<\/strong> = different<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sainredach<\/strong> = characteristic, peculiar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sainredach, sainredaig, sunnarthach<\/strong> = peculiar or belonging to, particular, special, set apart, specific, definite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sonrach<\/strong> = particular, specific<br \/>\n<strong>sonraigh<\/strong> = particularize, specify, define; to perceive, distinguish<br \/>\n<strong>sonra\u00edoch<\/strong> = noticeable, remarkable, peculiar, extraordinary, abnormal,grotesque<br \/>\n<strong>sonra\u00edocht<\/strong> = specification<br \/>\n<strong>sonr\u00fa<\/strong> = specification, notice, perception<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>s\u00f2nraichte<\/strong> [s\u0254\u02d0nr\u026a\u00e7d\u02b2\u0259] = specific, specified, stipulated, certain, special, defined, allocated, assigned, excellent, noted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sonraghey<\/strong> = to specify<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>han<\/strong> = separation, divorce, different, other, (out) of, from<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>h\u00e2n<\/strong> = separation, divorce, different, other, (out) of, from<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hanys<\/strong> = from thee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ahanav<\/strong> = from me<br \/>\n<strong>ahanas<\/strong> = from you (sg)<br \/>\n<strong>ahanodho<\/strong> = from him<br \/>\n<strong>ahanedhi<\/strong> = from her<br \/>\n<strong>ahanan<\/strong> = from us<br \/>\n<strong>ahanowgh<\/strong> = from you (pl)<br \/>\n<strong>anedha<\/strong> = from them<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>han<\/strong> = outside of, other than, different from<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>han<\/strong> = outside of, other than, different from<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>han<\/strong> = outside of, other than, different from<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*senH-<\/em> (apart, without, for oneself). Words from the same roots possibly include <strong>sunder<\/strong> in English, <strong>zonder<\/strong> (without) in Dutch, <strong>sondern<\/strong> (to separate, sunder) in German, <strong>s\u00f6nder<\/strong> (broken, out of order) in Swedish, <strong>senza<\/strong> (without) in Italian, <strong>sans<\/strong> (without) in French, <strong>sin<\/strong> (without) in Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/sanis\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &#8211; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/fr\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- Blog horizontal --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"1685480124\"\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for special, particular, different and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with an * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *\u0278arek\u02b7ennom = extremity, end Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) airchenn = certain, definite Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) airchenn, airchend = certain, fixed, definite, prominent, leading, chaste, leader, chief Irish (Gaeilge) airchinneach = hereditary steward [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,81,19,20,44,61,21,83,3,36,22,5,6,77,37,7,27,8,78,10,12,13,60,23,82,64,43,18,14],"tags":[52,80,51,48,47,53,49,242,55,241,50],"class_list":["post-8825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-english-englisch","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-french-franceis","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-proto-italic","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-swedish-svenska","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words","tag-breton","tag-celtic","tag-cornish","tag-gaelic","tag-irish","tag-language","tag-manx","tag-proto-celtic","tag-scottish-gaelic","tag-special","tag-welsh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8825","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8825"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8825\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8834,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8825\/revisions\/8834"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}