{"id":8782,"date":"2025-04-30T14:34:55","date_gmt":"2025-04-30T13:34:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=8782"},"modified":"2025-04-30T14:34:55","modified_gmt":"2025-04-30T13:34:55","slug":"granular-grains","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2025\/04\/30\/granular-grains\/","title":{"rendered":"Granular Grains"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>grain<\/strong>, <strong>corn<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/philodendronus\/6078801881\/in\/photolist-agas1Z-9GFFoY-8ShbcS-akNGFN-2jZ4Ho-nrJM4z-6F9PaX-21KzFsu-J64ML2-VTfpdb-a37VGW-YMmLar-JCQdC9-hNHbez-aeBrhc-ao6G8B-dH51PB-6Lf9Ns-izs7cZ-qAZMXh-26reAM-nT5HrM-KfCFGq-fRe5W-5Tub1Z-faeD3k-du8cu-eActx-6F5bzY-6F12Cc-8maoBU-6C4FgS-Pd1Aw-akNGEU-8s7vqK-k5JfW-dDcsky-isdau-6To3RX-qD7mtk-MnAofu-H91J6-oom2HN-a5KXft-aXB3rz-anQvph-w1ofao-r6Ukv6-23AwpeA-29PRct8\" title=\"grain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/6210\/6078801881_90ed7dc7ab_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" alt=\"grain\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*gr\u0101nom<\/strong> = grain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gr\u00e1n<\/strong> [\u0261ra\u02d0n] = grain<br \/>\n<strong>gr\u00e1inne<\/strong> = grain, seed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gr\u00e1n, gran<\/strong> = level surface, grain<br \/>\n<strong>gr\u00e1inne, grainne<\/strong> = a grain, a seed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gr\u00e1n<\/strong> [\u0261\u027e\u02e0\u0251\u02d0n\u02e0 \/ \u0261\u027e\u02e0a\u02d0n\u02e0] = grain, ball, shot, pellet<br \/>\n<strong>gr\u00e1inne<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261\u027e\u02e0\u0251\u02d0n\u0320\u02b2\u0259] = grain, (hard) particle, pinch (small quantity)<br \/>\n<strong>gr\u00e1nach<\/strong> = cereal<br \/>\n<strong>gr\u00e1naigh<\/strong> = to granulate, scratch, scrape, graze<br \/>\n<strong>gr\u00e1nlach<\/strong> = grain, grit, shot, pellets, granulated, ground, matter<br \/>\n<strong>gr\u00e1n\u00fa<\/strong> = granulation<br \/>\n<strong>gr\u00e1n\u00fall<\/strong> = pomegranate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gr\u00e0n<\/strong> [gra\u02d0n] = grain (cereal, wood), shot (of lead)<br \/>\n<strong>gr\u00e0inne<\/strong> [gra\u02d0\u032an\u02b2\u0259] = small grain, speck, small pellet, small quantity<br \/>\n<strong>gr\u00e0nach<\/strong> [gra\u02d0n\u0259x] = grained, granular<br \/>\n<strong>gr\u00e0nlach<\/strong> = corn, grain, cereal<br \/>\n<strong>gr\u00e0inneach<\/strong> [gra\u02d0n\u032a\u02b2\u0259x] = grained, granulous, granular, gritty, granulated<br \/>\n<strong>gr\u00e0inneanach<\/strong> [gra\u02d0n\u032a\u02e0\u0259n\u0259x] = pertaining to grains, grainy, granular<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>grine<\/strong> = grain, corn, grapeshot, pellet, foresight<br \/>\n<strong>grinaghey<\/strong> = grain<br \/>\n<strong>grineagh<\/strong> = cereal, grained, granular<br \/>\n<strong>grineeghey<\/strong> = to granulate, powder, granulation<br \/>\n<strong>grinneegh<\/strong> = grained, grainy, granular, granulated, granulous, gritty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*gr\u1ecdn<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u0254\u02d0r] = grain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>graun, gra\u1efdnn, grawn<\/strong> = grain<br \/>\n<strong>grawnwin, grawn-w\u00een<\/strong> = grapes, wine made from the juice of grapes<br \/>\n<strong>gronyn, gronnyne, gronun<\/strong> = a single grain or pip<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>grawn<\/strong> [\u0261rau\u032fn] = grain, corn, cereal, seed, grapes, berries, fruit, roe, spawn (of fish), shot, grape-shot, load (of a gun)<br \/>\n<strong>grawnafal<\/strong> = pomegranate<br \/>\n<strong>grawndy, grawnfa<\/strong> = barn, granary<br \/>\n<strong>grawnddwyn<\/strong> = grain-bearing, graniferous, bearing grapes or berries<br \/>\n<strong>grawnen<\/strong> = grape<br \/>\n<strong>grawnfwyd<\/strong> = cereal, grain-food<br \/>\n<strong>grawnffrwyth<\/strong> = grapefruit<br \/>\n<strong>grawnwin<\/strong> = grapes, wine made from the juice of grapes<br \/>\n<strong>grawnwydd<\/strong> = vines<br \/>\n<strong>gronyn<\/strong> = a single grain or pip<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>gronen<\/strong> = grain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gronen<\/strong> = grain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>greun(en)<\/strong> [\u0261\u0279\u00f8\u02d0n] = grain<br \/>\n<strong>greunaval<\/strong> = pomegranate<br \/>\n<strong>greunek, greunvos<\/strong> = cereal<br \/>\n<strong>greunhe<\/strong> = to form grain<br \/>\n<strong>greunji, greunva<\/strong> = granary, grange<br \/>\n<strong>greunvosow<\/strong> = barley, cereals, corn, wheat<br \/>\n<strong>greunya<\/strong> = to form grain in the ear<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>garan, greun(enn), grun<\/strong> = grain<br \/>\n<strong>greunyaff<\/strong> = to go to seed, to grain, to seed, to spawn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>greun(enn)<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261r\u0153\u0303\u02d0n] = grain<br \/>\n<strong>greunaval(enn)<\/strong> [gr\u00f8n\u0251:val] = pommegranate<br \/>\n<strong>greunek<\/strong> = grainy, granular<br \/>\n<strong>greunenni\u00f1<\/strong> = to granulate, to be granulated<br \/>\n<strong>greunia\u00f1<\/strong> = to go to seed, to grain, to seed, to spawn<br \/>\n<strong>greunvaen<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261\u0281\u0153\u0303nv\u025bn] = granite<br \/>\n<strong>greunwin<\/strong> = raisins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*\u01f5r\u0325h\u2082n\u00f3m<\/em> (grain), possibly from <em>*\u01f5r\u0325h\u2082-n\u00f3s<\/em> (matured, grown old) from <em>*\u01f5erh\u2082-<\/em> (to grow old, to mature). Words from the same roots include <strong>grur\u00eb<\/strong> (wheat) in Albanian, <strong>corn<\/strong> and <strong>grain<\/strong> in English, <strong>Korn<\/strong> (kernel, cereal, corn, grain) in German, <strong>grano<\/strong> (wheat, corn, grain, peppercorn, money, pin) in Italian, <strong>zirnis<\/strong> (pea) in Latvian, <strong>\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e<\/strong> (zerno &#8211; grain, cereal, seed) in Russian and Ukrainian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/%C7%B5r%CC%A5h%E2%82%82n%C3%B3m\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gr\u00e1inne<\/strong> in Irish, <strong>gr\u00e0inne<\/strong> in Scottish Gaelic, and maybe <strong>grine<\/strong> in Manx, come from Old Irish <em>gr\u00e1inne<\/em>, from  Old French <em>grain<\/em> (grain), from Latin <em>gr\u0101num<\/em> (grain, seed, small kernel), from Proto-Italic <em>*gr\u0101nom<\/em> (grain), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*\u01f5r\u0325h\u2082n\u00f3m<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/%C7%B5r%CC%A5h%E2%82%82n%C3%B3m\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*arwar<\/strong> = grain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>arbar<\/strong> [\u02c8ar.\u03b2\u0259r] = grain, corn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>arbar, arbor<\/strong> = grain, corn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>arbhar<\/strong> [\u02c8a\u027e\u02e0(\u0259)w\u0259\u027e\u02e0 \/ \u0259\u02c8\u027e\u02e0u\u02d0\u027e\u02e0] = corn, cereals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>arbhar<\/strong> [arav\u0259r] = corn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>arroo<\/strong> = corn, grain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>erwein(t)<\/strong> = meadow-sweet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>erwain(t)<\/strong> = meadow-sweet, <em>Queen of the meadows<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2082\u00e9rh\u2083-wr\u0325\/*h\u2082r\u0325h\u2083-w\u00e9n-s<\/em>, from <em>*h\u2082erh\u2083-<\/em> (to plough) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/arwar\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same roots include <strong>aratro<\/strong> (plough) in Albanian, <strong>arado<\/strong> (plough) in Spanish, <strong>aradr<\/strong> (plough) in Welsh, <strong>erv<\/strong> (ridge between furrows) in Breton, and <strong>arti<\/strong> (to plough) in Lithuanian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/h%E2%82%82erh%E2%82%83-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &#8211; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/fr\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- Blog horizontal --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"1685480124\"\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for grain, corn and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *gr\u0101nom = grain Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) gr\u00e1n [\u0261ra\u02d0n] = grain gr\u00e1inne = grain, seed Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) gr\u00e1n, gran = level surface, grain gr\u00e1inne, grainne = a grain, a seed Irish (Gaeilge) gr\u00e1n [\u0261\u027e\u02e0\u0251\u02d0n\u02e0 \/ \u0261\u027e\u02e0a\u02d0n\u02e0] = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,66,16,26,19,20,96,61,21,83,3,36,109,110,22,5,6,37,7,27,9,78,10,11,12,13,60,106,23,72,107,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-albanian","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-food","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-latin","category-latvian-latviesu-valoda","category-lithuanian-lietuviu-kalba","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-cornish","category-old-french-franceis","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-proto-italic","category-russian-","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-trees","category-ukrainian-","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8782","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8782"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8782\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8785,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8782\/revisions\/8785"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8782"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8782"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}